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neutrality acts
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who:
what:
when:
where:
sig:
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banana
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a yellow fruit
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kamikaze
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a suicide soilder
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ultra
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machine that broke enigma
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axis powers
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germany, italy, japan
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Economic depression
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severe economic slump
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Holocaust
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the systematic extermination of millions of European Jews, as well as Roma, Slavs, intellectuals, homosexuals, and political dissidents, by the Nazis and their allies during World War II.
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Tydings-McDuffie Act
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Gave Philippines it's independence.
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end of war in europe
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VE-day
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France
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a republic in western Europe
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CORE
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the Congress of Racial Equality
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Douglas MacArthur
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commander of American-Filipino force, left the Philipines to fight in Australia, but promised to return
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Munich Agreement
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agreement between Chamberlain and Hitler that Germany would not conquer any more land (After Sudetenland), and if did, would declare war
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reparations
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payment for damages after a war
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Government propoganda
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Allied governments conducted highly effective propoganda campaigns. But propoganda also had negative effect. Prejudice in US against Japanese Americans arose after Pearl Harbor. Seen as the enemy, Roosevelt set up program of internment and loss of property. Japanese Americans were shipped to relocation camps, which were restricted military areas located away from the coast. From 1941 until 1946, US imprisoned some 31 thousand people. Most were American citizens of Japanese descent, Nisei.
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Nazism
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a political philosophy based on extreme nationalism, racism, and militaristic expansionism that Hitler put into practice in Germany; German brand of fascism
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work force
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the force of workers available
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Ghetto
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formerly the restricted quarter of many European cities in which Jews were required to live
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Benito Mussolini
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Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945) He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.
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Joseph Goebbels
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Propaganda Minister, established new German culture by using mass media (radio, press, cinema, theater)
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manchurian
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the Soviet Union invaded from Soviet Outer Manchuria as part of its declaration of war against Japan
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Okinawa
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Conquering of this island allowed for the invasion of the Japanese home islands.
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aggression
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warlike act by one country against another without just cause
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Henry Luce
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author of "The American Century" written in 1941
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Charles Drew
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developed the blood bank for collecting and storing blood plasma
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Communism
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a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership
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Erwin Rommel
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The North Africa campaign. German commander, specialized in tanks. Turned around by American and British soldiers.
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gen montgomery lead the battle of
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el alamein
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Winston Churchill
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British statesman and leader during World War II
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Mao Zedong
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Chinese Communist that fought the Japanese in northern China.
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Chester Nimitz
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adopted island hopping which allowed the Allied forces to move rapidly toward Japan
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Appeasement
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Giving up principles to pacify an aggressor.
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Shell Shock
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Medical condition caused by prolonged exposure to the distressing experiences of trench warfare
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island hopping
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during ww2, allied strategy of capturing japanese-held islands to gain control of the pacific ocean
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Totalitarianism
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a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws).
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people with nordic heredity, blond hair, blue eyes, and tall
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Who were Aryans?
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Sept 1, 1939
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date Germany invades Poland, starting WWII
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why us went to war
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bombing of pearl harbor
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battle of britain
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the prolonged bombardment of British cities by the German Luftwaffe during World War II and the aerial combat that accompanied it
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Casablanca Conference
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where FDR and Churchill decide to attack the Soft Underbelly of Europe, sicily, and then into italy. announced unconditional surrender here also
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Dictator
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A ruler, often self appointed, who is not a king or a queen but sho reigns over a state or territory with absolute power and usually for life
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Yalta Conference
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before V-E day; decided to split germany into zones
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Tehran Conference
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First meeting of the "Big Three"; discussed the opening of a second front in Europe and the final strategy against the Nazis
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4 power treaty
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Agreement to respect one another's possessions in the Pacific
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Carpet bombing-
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Method of aerial bombing in which large number of bombs are dropped over a wide area.
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Hiroshima
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City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. (p. 797)
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Name for the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan
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Axis Powers
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Who was Stalin?
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Communist Leader of the Soviet Union
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Francisco Franco 1939
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Becomes Spain's fascist dictator. Was a general in the Spanish Civil War.
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Imperialize
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Whatt did Italy want to do? Italy wanted to create a "New Roman Empire" and make the Meditarranean an "Itailan Lake." the Italian army took countries in Africa (Libya, Somalia, Ethiopia). Italy criticized for using chemical weapons.
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Office of War Mobilization
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Federal agency formed to coordinate issues related to war production during World War II.
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Results of WWII (4)
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(1) Europe devastated US is economically and militarily stronger. (2) Nazism and Fascism are dead (3) Communist expansion into Eastern Europe (4) 17 million military dead, 20 million civilians dead.
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G.I. Bill of Rights
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Provided returning war veterans with money for education
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This Allied action in June of 1944 created a foothold that eventually led to the liberation of Nazi-controlled France and the rest of Europe
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D-Day invasion
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enola gay
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the name of the American B-29 bomber, piloted by Col. Paul Tibbets, Jr., that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945.
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Guadal Canal
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Battle of Guadalcanal - where we first beat the Japanese navy
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Miracle of Dunkirk
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300,000 British troops rescued by a flotilla of war ships and fishing boats
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Marshall Philippe Petain
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known as Marshall of France, French general who became Chief of State of Vichy France and was viewed as a national hero after the battle of Verdun for his leadership.
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Cash and Carry
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US sells old WWI ships/weapons to Churchill for cash
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German Nazi party; Adolf Hitler
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Germany's equivalent to Italy's Fascist party; Nazi leader who bullied Jews and used Fascist ideology
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sixth cause of WWII
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Appeasement-concessions to the Nazi in hope of keeping peace
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Blitzkreig or Lightning War
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Lightning War. Military Strategy using fast planes and tanks to strike first. Massive infantry troops would follow. This strategy would take defenders by surprise and overwhelm them.
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Article 231
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This was the "war-guilt clause" in the Treaty of Versailles that placed total responsibility for World War I on Germany.
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Montgomery pushed Rommel to tunisia and forced him off the continent to Sicily
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Mistake at El Alamein
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Italy/Mussolini's Aggressions - Albania
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1939 - Italy invades and seizes Albania. Crossed Adriatic Sea.
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Lend-Lease Act
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A law passed by Congress on March 11, 1941, during World War II, allowing the president to "sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of" weapons and materials to help defend nations vital to U.S. security. It was suggested by FDR.
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Battle of Stalingrad
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A 1942-1943 battle of WWII in which German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture the city of Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Began on August 23, 1942. Germans bombed the city and by early November controlled 90% of the ruined city. During the Russian winter, Soviet troops counter attacked, trapping the Germans inside the city and cutting off their supplies. On Feb 2, 1943, the German troops surrendered to the Soviets. Soviets lost over 1 million soldiers defending Stalingrad.
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Battle of Guadalcanal
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a 1942-1943 battle of WWII in which allied troops drove Japanese forces from the Pacific island of Guadalcanal.
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J. Robert Oppenheimer
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American scientist who was one of two scientists in charge of the Manhattan Project
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Who did Stalin kill?
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many peasants, 4 million Soviets (were killed)
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battle of dunkirk
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hitler comes into france at the battle of..
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the battle where British and German war planes fight in Britain
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The Battle of Britain describes_________
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Spanish Civil War
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a civil war in Spain which was an indirect battle between the Nazis, Italians and Soviets
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V-E Day
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May 8, 1945; The name of the day which ended World War II, Victory in Europe.
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Mein Kampf (1925) - ("my stuggle")
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While in prison Hitler wrote autobio/philosophy novel that outlined plans for new German state including conquering new territory (the Third Reich), a military build up (jobs), and anti-semitism (hatred of Jews). Book made Hitler a national hero. Racist "master race" ideology.
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Russian troops and the Russian winter
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What combination led to the German defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad?
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Treaty of Maastricht EC to EU
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changed the European community to the European union
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What was the 'Big Three' during World War II
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The United States, Great Britain, and Russia
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