| Terms |
Definitions |
|
Issues in radio today
|
Fragmentation of audience
Formats
Concentration of station ownership
Alternative platforms
Performance Rights Act
|
|
Radio workplace
|
Runs on love more than any other media
People who practice it are very passionate about it, that's what keeps it going
|
|
Audio software
|
popular music exploded in early 20th century
player pianos
rise of ragtime- very difficult to play
|
|
1984
|
Domain name system (DNS) established
Network addresses identified by extensions- .com, .org, .edu
The Mac is introduced
First user friendly personal computer
|
|
2003
|
Internet users now illegally download about 2.6 billion files each month
Spam now accounts for about half of all e-mails
The Controlling The Assault of Non-solicited Pornography and Marketing Act is signed
Will help individuals and businesses control amount of unsolicited e-mail they receive
iTunes opens, allowing 99 cent song downloads
|
|
First corporate PR department
|
Est. by Westinghouse Electric in 1889
|
|
Future Media winners
|
telephone companies, cell phones and PDAs, social networking, programmers who adapt to Internet
|
|
The Cold War
|
August 1957: USSR test fires an ICBM
October 1957: USSR launches Sputnik
ICBM- intercontinental ballistic missile
|
|
Freedom of press
|
Net turns every user into potential mass communicator
Can give voice to those typically denied expression
|
|
Tin Pan Alley
|
one of the places in America where roots of popular music went down first
early days of popular music
|
|
Lesleigh Neilsen
|
Recent death
Star of Airplane, The Naked Gun
|
|
Entry-level job
|
Board operator/DJ
|
|
Animation in sitcoms
|
Becomes more of a force
More topical, more freedom with material
The Simpsons, Family Guy, South Park, King of the Hill
|
|
Ry Cooder
|
"Bop Til You Drop"
First digitally recorded album
Using digital equipment
|
|
Psychographics
|
Psychological aspects of an audience
Attitudes, beliefs, values, interests, motivations
Not measurable
Ex. Republicans, Christians
|
|
Bloggers
|
MoveOn.org- encouraged Congress to censure President Clinton rather than impeach
Online News Association- formed by bloggers to use Internet to make a difference
|
|
High Definition (HD) radio
|
Terrestrial rather than satellite delivered
No sub fee, requires special receiver
CD quality sound (maybe)
Text info
Allows for "streaming" of multiple channels (all jazz, all Beatles, Kisspanic)
|
|
MADD Campaign
|
created by Candy Lightner, 1980
Drunk Driving Prevention Act- offers states financial incentives to set up programs that would reduce alcohol & drug auto deaths
Victim's Crime Act- federal law for drunk drivers to compensate victims & families
|
|
Great grandaddies of Internet
|
Samuel Morse
Vannever Bush
|
|
Demographics
|
Age, gender, income, occupation, ethnicity
Ex. TV channels/mags reach different demographics
Pure, measurable, hard facts
|
|
Cable
|
Very early days of television broadcasting
Originally a means of delivering TV signals to rural areas that could not receive them
|
|
Early 1970's
|
TCP/IP smooths out differences between networks
Network protocol that translates different networks
Crucial part of Internet
|
|
Comcast
|
More radio subscribers than any other Multiple Systems Operator (MSO)
Time Warner = 2nd largest
|
|
"The Book"
|
Term used for ratings results
Arbitron controls ratings in radio
|
|
Bill Gates
|
Founded Microsoft Corporation, 1975
|
|
Wheeler-Lea Act
|
1938, granted FTC extended powers to regulate advertising
|
|
Edward R. Murrow
|
Began with CBS on radio
Moved over to TV
"Hear it Now" became "See it Now"
Battled with Senator McCarthy, Red Scare- courage to stand up to him
Worked with Fred Friendly- headed CBS News
|
|
Monetizing
|
How do we make money?
PayWall method- charge usage or subscription fee
Google Model- make it available for free, attract a user base
|
|
Warner
|
Owned by Time Warner
|
|
"All in the Family"
|
1971-1983
Norman Lear, producer/creator
The Jeffersons, Maude, Archie Bunker's place
Family unit was as conflicted as American society was then
Dealt with very contemporary issues, very popular
|
|
Performance Rights Act
|
When radio plays song, composer is compensated; bands don't get any money
Potential bill would require radio to pay artists as well
|
|
Situation comedy
|
Reflect how we view the concept of family in America
|
|
Vannever Bush
|
"Memex" idea (1945)
Idea for a machine
Published story in Atlantic Monthly
Idea: desk that people would sit at, spools of different types of film
User can choose story to read, would be loaded on desk
Very complicated, never got made
|
|
Flack
|
derrogatory name given to public relations professionals
|
|
Zero waste circulation
|
Advertising is expensive
Ideal: every ad run will only be read/seen by potential buyers of product
Never reached, but companies constantly strive for this
|
|
Advertising/PR
|
Uses mass communications as persuasion
Pervasive through all forms of media
|
|
First radio ad
|
WEAF, 1922
|
|
1970's TV
|
Crime shows dominant
Cops solved crimes with fists and guns
Didn't trust police establishment
People concerned about urban crime
|
|
Stereo sound
|
introduced in 1930's
did not become widespread until 1950's
33 1/3 RPM records (1947)
|
|
Federal Privacy Act
|
1974
Restricts government's ability to collect and distribute information about citizens
|
|
HMV "His Master's Voice"
|
logo for RCA-Victor in England
icon: Nipper, the dog, listening to gramophone
|
|
Early 1980's
|
Cable moved to urban markets
Cable programming influences broadcast/recording industry
|
|
Compact disc
|
Invented in 1982
Blindingly fast Diffusion of Innovations
Music sounded so much better
|
|
Business of radio: licensing firms
|
handle money, make sure artist is paid for use of songs
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP)
Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI)
|
|
Virtual democracy
|
Internet characterized by freedom and self-governance
|
|
A Brief & True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia
|
1588, Published by John White to lure European settlers
|
|
Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act
|
1946
Those who deal with federal employees on behalf of private clients must disclose those relationships
|
|
2001
|
It's estimated that Internet users are illegally downloading over 1 billion music files each month
Over 400 million users
About 9.8 billion electronic messages are sent daily
the iPod debuts
Wikipedia is created
|
|
The Consumerist
|
Monitoring and exposing companies that treat consumers unfairly
|
|
Four Major Recording Studios
|
Sony/BMG
EMI
Warner
Universal
|
|
Spam
|
Unsolicited commercial e-mail
|
|
E-mail
|
Can communicate with anyone else online, any place in the world
|
|
"The Honeymooners"
|
Significant early sitcom
|
|
Global village
|
New communication technologies will permit people to become increasingly involved in one another's lives
|
|
Samuel Morse
|
Morse code
Form of binary communication
|
|
Producers
|
Oversee recording sessions
Add string arrangements, etc.
Create sound mix
Part of creative process, artistic decisions
Assisted by engineer- takes care of technical side, makes technical decisions
|
|
Blinks
|
One-second commercials between songs on the radio
|
|
Ray Tomlinson
|
Created first e-mail program, 1972
|
|
The Drudge Report
|
Broke scandal during Clinton administration
Forced the issue so it couldn't be ignored
|
|
2009
|
Government mandated transition to HDTV and analog to acquire more bandwidth
|
|
TV Careers
|
Production work
Advertising
News jobs- camera work, editor, reporter
|
|
The Publicity Bureau
|
1906, first publicity company
Opened first in Boston
|
|
Borders and B&N
|
Possibly merging
|
|
Rise of Fox News
|
Changed everything about TV News
Example of reinforcement in media
Murdoch- fosters conservative agenda, threw subjectivity out window
News sources not unbiased anymore
|
|
IM
|
Real-time version of e-mail
|
|
Digital Millenium Copyright Act
|
1998, goal: to bring US copyright law in compliance with World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
|
|
Victor Talking Machine Co.
|
Started by Emile Berliner, 1901
merged with RCA to make RCA-Victor
|
|
PR Creative Specialist
|
Writers, artists, etc.
|
|
1973
|
E-mail accounts for 75% of all ARPAnet traffic
|
|
TBS
|
Advertiser supported
|
|
Early rock
|
Bill Haley and the Comets
Elvis Presley
|
|
Freedom of expression
|
Internet difficult to control
Freedom form control is medium's primary strength
|
|
Guest speaker, PR
Dr. Jack "The Flack" Raskopf
|
Former professor of TCU
PR, advertising, Navy, professor
|
|
Top Cable Networks in subscribers
|
TBS
CNN
TNT
Discover Channel
Weather Channel
USA Network
More than 100 million viewers
|
|
Public relations
|
"Advertising in disguise"
|
|
PR- _____ times as valuable as advertising
|
7
Experiment, new product- 7 times more inquires from PR release than ad
|
|
Development of computer
|
Originator- Charles Babbage, mid-1880's
|
|
Google
|
Free to use
How they make money: they advertise
Most of money comes from advertising
Adwords- 95% profits
So large, they're starting to lose talent
|
|
Colossus
|
First electronic digital computer
Developed by British to break Germans' secret codes during WWII
Reduced information to binary code- digits of 1 and 0
|
|
LAN
|
Local Area Network
|
|
Declaration of Principles
|
by Ivy Lee
Argued that PR practitioners should be providers of info, not purveyors of publicity
|
|
Strawberry Fields Forever
|
Song by the Beatles, 1967
Set the stage for Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
Produced by George Martin--nearly all of Beatles songs
John Lennon composition
Early example of how much Beatles changed popular music recording- tracks built in studio
|
|
Most famous PR case
|
Bernays changed perception of it being inappropriate for women to smoke publicly
Recruited women in Easter Parade to walk with lit cigarettes- "Freedom Torches"
|
|
FTC
|
Primary federal agency to regulate ads
Can impose fines
Order creation and distribution of corrective advertising- new set of ad that correct original misleading efforts
|
|
Program director
|
Determine which songs will be played
DJ's almost never choose music anymore
Musical decisions, determines personality of stations
|
|
Arbitron ratings
|
Pretty much ongoing
Sometimes they'll change formats based on one bad "book"
|
|
Recording Industry, Digital Age
1970's: ___________
|
Disco
|
|
Hosts
|
Computers connected to Internet
Often called servers
|
|
1997
|
The term "weblog" is coined
It is later shortened to "blog"
July 8, 1997- NASA website broadcasts images taken by Pathfinder on Mars
46 million hits in one day
first big Web event
|
|
War in Iraq
|
Embedded journalists- put up close and personal with soldiers at front of war
|
|
"The Clock"
|
Programmed hour
Usually a "clock" established for every hour of the day
Time for ads, music, announcements, etc.
|
|
Juke boxes
|
Invented in 1927
became popular in post WWII Era
early form of "pay per view" concept
selling music to public on song-by-song basis
|
|
The Weekly News
|
First newsbook containing ads printed in England, 1625
|
|
Internet users
|
At least 1.3 billion worldwide
|
|
Advertising agency
|
6,000 operating ad agencies in US
employs 500,000 people
|
|
Propoganda
|
Publicity stage
|
|
Sun Studios
|
discovered and recorded Elvis Presley
owned by Sam Phillips
recorded many of early rock bands
oversaw recordings of records, early music producer in rock 'n' roll
|
|
Blogs
|
Web journals that comment on news, back up with evidence
Responsible to no one
|
|
PR Executive
|
Sets policy and serves as spokesperson for operation
|
|
Sales/marketing
|
Best-paying job
Selling air and time
Really good in radio
Radio sells a lot of ads
|
|
Google eBooks
|
3 million+ books, some free
Another threat to ebook companies
|
|
Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) and Direct to Home (DTH)
|
Dish Network (54% of subscribers)
DirecTV (46% of subscribers)
30 million subscribers and rising
|
|
Promotional campaigns
|
Most common types of PR
Sales, image, lobbying
|
|
HTTP
|
Hypertext Transport Protocol
|
|
Pornography
|
Particular concern is shielding children
|
|
Edward Bernays
|
PR pioneer
Emphasized value of assessing public's feelings toward an organization
Beginning of 2-way PR comm.
|
|
Lobbying
|
Directly interacting to influence elected officials or government agents
|
|
Consumers Union
|
Founded in 1936
To protect people from unprincipled manufacturers and advertisers
|
|
1972
|
Electronic mail starts (Ray Tomlinson)
ARPAnet's "killer app"- to make it a "must buy"
|
|
2007
|
Over 100 million websites
Between 15 and 30 billion pages
iPhone debuts
|
|
Content models
|
Original- Slate, Salon, etc.; original content unique to that site
User-generated- Facebook, Flickr, etc; users generate content on site
Aggregator- Huffington Post, etc; grabs stories from a lot of other sites and puts them on theirs
|
|
Media Foundation
|
Increases public awareness of overconsumption and overcommercialization
|
|
Public relatons
|
Publicity, research, public affairs, media relations, promotion, merchandising, etc.
Should be honest and ethical
|
|
Good Night, and Good Luck
|
Movie released in 2005
David Strathairn, George Clooney
Chronicled battle between Murrow and McCarthy
Draws analogy of re-living McCarthyism
|
|
Sony/BMG
|
Bertelsmann
Includes CBS and RCA music catalogs
Bought out old RCA catalog
|
|
Psychographic segmentation
|
Appealing to consumer groups with similar lifestyles, attitudes, values, and behavior patterns
|
|
Electronic Communication Privacy
|
1986, guarantees privacy of e-mail
|
|
Search engines
|
Help find info on the Web
Ask, Netscape, Yahoo!, Google
|
|
Demographic segmentation
|
Appealing to audiences defined by varying personal and social characteristics
(Race, gender, econ. level)
|
|
Copyright
|
Infringement, posting other people's works on websites
|
|
First personal computer
|
Altair 8800, released in 1975
$495 pre-built
$360 as a kit
"glorified calculator"
Inspired Bill Gates and friend, designed basic programming- beginning of Microsoft
|
|
Beatles on iTunes
|
450,000 albums sold
2 million individual songs
Sold worldwide in first week
|
|
"Moucy for Nothing"
|
1985
by Dire Straits ft. Sting
British group
Europeans adapted trend of music videos much more quickly
MTV primarily showed videos of white poeple
|
|
Consumer culture
|
Personal worth and identity reside in the products which we surround ourselves
|
|
Ambient advertising
|
Ads appearing in non-traditional venues
|
|
Columbia Records
|
part of the beginnings of CBS
owned by Paley family
major part of CBS
|
|
Digital radio
|
Satellite radio
HD radio
|
|
Community Antenna Television (CATV)
|
The whole town sharing one big antenna
Coming from single source, spread through hardwired network
|
|
Foreign Agents Registration Act
|
1938
Anyone who engages in political activities in US on behalf of foreign power must register as agent of that power
|
|
1914 Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
|
Duty: monitor and regulate advertising
|
|
Rating the Web
|
Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA)
Asks site about presence of content
|
|
Walter Cronkite
|
Anchor of CBS News broadcast, 1962-1981
Known as most trusted man in America, everyone believed anything Cronkite told them
Kennedy assassination, Vietnam War, man on the moon, the Beatles
|
|
HDTV
|
Digital TV, 16 x 9 aspect ratio
Resolution: 1080i or 1080p
|
|
Phonograph
|
invented by Thomas Edison, 1877
First recording and playback device
Meant for business, adopted as entertainment
|
|
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
|
1917, headed by George Creel
Sold Liberty bonds, increased membership in Red Cross
Used movies, public speakers, articles, posters
|
|
Rate of memory decay
|
After 4 days, less than 25% of people can remember
|
|
TV "Superstation"
|
TBS, founded by Ted Turner
|
|
HBO
|
Subscriber supported
|
|
Edward Bernays
|
Father of PR
|
|
60 Minutes
|
Longets-running primetime TV show in history, 1968 to present
Sunday night news documentary program
|
|
PR Media Specialist
|
Find right media for clients' messages
|
|
Era of analog recording
|
until the 1980's
|
|
HTML
|
Hypertext Markup Language
|
|
FTC
|
Online privacy
Do Not Track law- proposed, websites can't track your history
|
|
Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)
|
First successful commercial computer
Census Bureau, 1951
|
|
Gramophone
|
Invented by Emile Berliner, 1888
replaced the phonograph
Played flat discs
|
|
ARPA
|
Set up by Eisenhower in 1958
Central developer for strategic technologies
"Single manager" for defense research
|
|
1941 War Advertising Council
|
Joined group of national advertising and media associations
Promoted numerous government programs
|
|
ABC's Nightline
|
Created to provide more coverage of the Iranian Hostage Crisis, 1979
Went on more than a year, stuck with this story
Still on schedule today
|
|
Internet advertising
|
Extremely narrow categories
Users can be targeted based on pages browsed
Goes beyond demographics and psychographics to specific terms
|
|
Ted Turner
|
WTBS, 1976
One of the first to use satellites
Station in Atlanta, put up on satellite and offered to cable systems
First superstation
Basic service- covered in monthly bill
|
|
Browsers
|
Software programs loaded onto the user's computer and used to download and view Web files
Netscape, Internet Explorer
|
|
1980's:____________
|
Digital Era
Synthesizers dominated the sound
|
|
Universal
|
Owned by NBC-Universal
|
|
PR (publicity)
|
Release of information to news outlets or media that an organization believes to be newsworthy
Prepared in an ostensibly objective style
The more objective a release looks, the more readily it will be accepted
Much more difficult than advertising
|
|
Hypertext transfer protocols (HTTP)
|
Used by WWW to transfer files from one place to another
Developed by Tim Berners-Lee
|
|
Industrialization and Civil War
|
Brought expansion of advertising
|
|
Four basics to have a good advertising program:
|
1) Image is everything
2) Perception is reality
3) Advertising only works through repetition, repetition, repetition...
4) What's in it for me?
|
|
Other current sitcom trends
|
Forensic cop shows- scientifically based, solve crimes with science
Reality shows- economically motivated, not as much a societal trend
|
|
Future Media losers
|
CD's/recorded music, HD radio, magazines, Bluray DVD's, 3D Television, local broadcast TV, network television news
|
|
ARPAnet
|
Shared network between universities
Prime goal: decentralized communication
Reroute communication automatically
|
|
Satellite radio
|
Subscriber supported
XM- 170 channels (including Oprah)
Sirius- 130 channels (including Howard Stern)
Have now merged into single company
19.5 million subscribers together
|
|
1994
|
White House launches www.whitehouse.gov
e-Commerce: selling things on Internet, controversial at first
SPAM begins
Big spammers- lawyers, spammed about people being able to get green cards
45 million Internet useres
|
|
Edward Bernays
|
The "father of PR"
Relation of Sigmund Freud
Understood psychology behind it
|
|
"Spin"
|
Carefully crafted half-truth
Negative, implies they're not telling the complete truth
|
|
1999
|
College student Shawn Fanning invents Napster
Number of Internet users worldwide reaches 150 million (more than 50% from US)
"e-Commerce" becomes new buzzword as Internet shopping rapidly spreads
Myspace.com is launched
Almost 5 million websites
|
|
TV Advertising
|
TV soon became primary national ad medium
|
|
The Beatles and recording industry
|
Top selling band of all time
Group that has sold the most albums ever
Finally on iTunes, using software to profit hardware
More expensive
|
|
Board operator
|
Button pusher
In charge of tech board that routes signals, controls mics, etc.
Vital, but very simple work
|
|
1980's Joe Camel campaign
|
Attempt to attract young smokers
Most recognizable logo in the country
|
|
Ted Turner
|
Launched CNN in 1980
People thought there was no way this could work; 24 hour news channel, devoted only to news programming
|
|
HD's Impact on TV
|
Smaller text
TiVo, DVR, On Demand and Online Viewing
Changing the way we view TV
Undermining traditional advertising
|
|
McLuhan
|
Ahead of his time
Internet has returned him to forefront of cultural discussion on mass media
Global village, media as extension of our bodies
|
|
Origins of the Internet: command and control version
|
Internet is a product of the Cold War
|
|
Advertising
|
Controlled, identifiable persuasion through the mass media (including Internet)
"It ain't creative if it don't sell"
|
|
ARPAnet efficiency
|
More efficient use of network bandwidth
Voice vs. computers
Multiple computers can send/receive at the same time
Only use line when sending information
|
|
Blogs
|
Frequently mess up news stories
News organizations resort it as a fact
Make stuff up, not legit
|
|
MTV
|
1981
Causes switch from singles-based promotion to video-based promo
Music industry was driven by music videos
|
|
WAN
|
Wide Area Network
|
|
DJ (disc jockey)
|
On air
|
|
1962
|
"Galactic Network" concept, J.C.R. Licklider at MIT
Government had universities doing research for them
Computers were big, very expensive
Idea- have one or two computers for people to share, first idea of network
|
|
Origins of the Internet: decentralization version
|
1956- Joseph Licklider foresaw linked computers and "home computer consoles"
|
|
ISPs
|
Internet service providers
Companies that offer Internet connections at monthly rates
|
|
Copyright
|
Intellectual property ownership
Designed to ensure people who create content are financially compensated for work
|
|
Flash
|
Animation software, Adobe owns
|
|
F. Wayland Ayer
|
Owns oldest advertising firm in United States
Began full-service agency in 1869- N.W. Ayers & Sons
|
|
Most popular format
|
News/talk
|
|
1989
|
Internet access opens to public, just under 1 million users
Tim Berners-Lee- develops World Wide Web
Originally a way for physicists to share research papers
Users hyperlinks- links related stories
WWW uses GUI (Graphic User Interface)
Web is part of Internet, not entire thing
|
|
News becomes big business in ___________
|
1970's
|
|
Current sitcoms
|
Workplace families (The Office)
"Friends" model (How I Met Your Mother)
Multi-cultural family (Modern Family)
American family goes to hell (Family Guy)
|
|
Advertising is...
|
Intrusive, deceptive, exploits children, demeans and corrupts culture
|
|
Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniack
|
1977 Invented Apple II- low-cost microcomputer designed for personal use
|
|
Pseudo-event
|
An event staged specifically to attract public attention
|
|
Death of compact disc and album
|
US CD sales have dropped: 48.9% since 2000
worldwide, total music sales: dropped 17% in 2007
|
|
Home pages
|
Entryway to site itself
Provides hyperlinks to other material in that site
|
|
Prosumers
|
Proactive consumers, use multiple sources to research product and negotiate price
|
|
Network news broadcasts
|
Begin in 1948
Did not go to 30 minutes until 1963
|
|
Media as extension of our bodies
|
Permit us to experience world with a scope and depth otherwise impossible
Alter relationship between people and world
|
|
Ad Council
|
"Effecting positive social change"
Primary focus today is kids' issues
|
|
2006
|
Over 92 million websites
Youtube sold to Google for 1.65 billion
Twitter launched, no income plan at first
|
|
Magazine advertising
|
by 1900's magazines were financially supported primarily by advertisers
|
|
Strategic communications
|
Advertising, PR, promotion
|
|
WANs
|
Wide area networks
Connecting LANs in different locations
|
|
2005
|
Youtube.com is launched
Simple way to share videos
|
|
National Advertising Review Board (NARB)
|
1971
Monitored potentially deceptive advertising
Investigates consumer complaints
|
|
PR Account Exec
|
Provides advice to client, defines problems and situations, assesses needs and demands of client's publics, etc.
|
|
Blanket license
|
can play any music by any artist who has agreement with ASCAP and BMI
|
|
Sputnik, 1957
|
Launched by Soviet Union
First human-constructed satellite
|
|
Facebook
|
Social advertising technology
Private avengers- revolt against Facebook on Facebook
|
|
Public Relations Society of America
|
Founded in 1947
|
|
Internet news sources
|
The Drudge Report
Blogs
|
|
World Wide Web
|
Released in 1992
More than 1.1 million hosts
|
|
Facebook
|
Starting to drain talent from Google
Privacy concerns, has been a big issue for Mark Zuckerberg
Paying for it with your information
|
|
1969
|
ARPAnet goes online
Beginning of the Internet
Connected UCLA, Stanford, Univ. California Santa Barbara, Univ. Utah
|
|
Promotion
|
Combination of Ad and PR
Usually a physical event
ex. NASCAR- advertising on cars
|
|
Home Box Office
|
1975
First premium service
Pay extra subscriber fee
|
|
"I Love Lucy"
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1951-1957
Three-camera technique
Beginning of sitcom on TV
Usual structure of sitcom: take "clowns" and put them in certain situations, usually conflict with situation
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1980's TV
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Cable fragments the audience
Programming diversified rapidly
Couldn't readily say which type of programming was dominant
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LANs
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Local area networks
Connect 2 or more computers (usually within same building)
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EMI
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British company
behind The Beatles
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Internet
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A global network of interconnected computers that communicate freely and share and exchange information
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Informational campaigns
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Non-profits
Breast cancer awareness- immense PR campaign, designed to raise money/get people to think about it
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1973
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ARPA offers to give ARPAnet to AT&T for free, tried to make it a privately owned business
AT&T DECLINES
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Advertising
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Mediated messages paid for by and identified with a business or institution seeking to increase likelihood that those who consume will act as they wish
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Geostationary communications satellite
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Invented by Arthur C. Clarke
Wrote article, "Extra Terrestrial Relays" (1945)
22,300 miles above earth- certain place to put satellite, move at same rate as rotation of Earth
Launched in mid-1970's
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