| Terms |
Definitions |
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Amphoteric
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chemical species that acts as both an acid and base
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What is the concentration of [H+] by itself found to be?
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10^7
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Strong bases make strong ______________
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electrolytes
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In catalytic cracking, what does CH3(CH2)CH3 become when "cracked"?
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2CH3(CH2)5CH3
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What is NaNO_3(s)?
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Sodium nitrate - soluble
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Acid does what?
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Donates protons
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Is H+ a strong or weak acid?
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strong acid
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What happens if your body's pH gets below 7.35?
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acidosis develops
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How is a Lewis acid defined?
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Electron pair acceptor
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Is HCOOH a base or acid?
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acid - weak
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Is NH_3 an acid or base?
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Base (weak)
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NH_3
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Ammonia
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What is the formula to find pH?
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pH=-ln[H+]
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What is generic formula for ka?
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Ka=[H+][A-]/[HA]
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In salt hydrolysis: If have weak acid + strong base = ?
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basic (pH>7)
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What is the concentration of [-OH] by itself found to be?
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10^7
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Give example of diprotic
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H_S_SO_4
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What is barium hydroxide?
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Strong base
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What is generic formula for kb?
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Kb=[HA][-OH]/[A-]
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The higher the kb, the _____________
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stronger the base
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All organic acids are
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weak
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CH3COO- is what?
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Acetate base
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Salt
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product of neutralization reaction between acid and base
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H2SO4 - what is it and weak or strong?
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Sulfuric acid and it is strong
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How is a Bronsted-Lowry base defined?
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Proton acceptor
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Is HCl and acid or base?
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Acid (strong)
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In progressive ionization: as the Ka gets _________ the harder it becomes to break off and lose it's proton
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smaller
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What is Na(+)(-)OAc?
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Sodium acetate
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How is a Lewis base defined?
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Electron pair donor
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NH_4(+)
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ammonium ion
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Ammonia
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NH_3
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What does ka represent?
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Measure of acid strength
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When you add more salt to an equilibrium, what is this an example of>
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common ion effect
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What is hydrochloric acid?
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strong acid - HCl
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When there is a strong base in the reaction, what else will there be?
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Strong acid
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Ammonium ion
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NH_4(+)
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Higher ka = _______ pKa
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lower
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HOAc; strong or weak?
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Weak
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If value of pH is = 7, it is a(n)
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neutral
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Is NH_3 a strong or weak base?
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Weak base
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How is an Arrhenius acid defined?
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Increases [H+] in water
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What is HOAc?
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Acetic acid
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If value of pH is less than 7, it is a(n)
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acid
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What is formic acid?
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HCOOH weak acid
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In salt hydrolysis: If have strong acid + weak base = ?
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Acetic (pH<7)
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Strong acids make strong _____________
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electrolytes
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What is HNO_3 and is it strong or weak?
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Nitric acid and it is very strong
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Is acidic acid strong or weak?
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Weak acid
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For what is this generic formula: ?=[H+][A-]/[HA]
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ka
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What is nitric acid?
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HNO_3 - strong acid
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Polyprotic acids
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acids that contain more than one proton
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What is H_2_SO_4?
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Sulfuric acid - strong acid
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What happens when a person has hysteria (is hysterical)?
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Their pH rises above 7.35
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What happens if your body's pH gets above 7.35?
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alkalosis develops
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What is Ba(OH)_2?
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Barium hydroxide, strong base
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Is formic acid a weak or strong acid?
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weak acid
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Vinegar is mostly built of __________
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acetate
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What is -OAc?
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Acetate base, CH3COO-
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What does pH mean?
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Potency of hydrogen
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What is -CN?
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Cyanide - strong base
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What is a conjugate pair?
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An acid-base pair that differs by one proton in their formulas
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Net ionic equation
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equation for a reaction which lists only those species participating in the reaction
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When is Amphoteric seen?
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When dealing with polyprotic acids
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What does kb represent?
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Measure of base strength
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What is the pH of the body (physiological pH)?
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About 7.35
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-ic is more or less than -ous
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more
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The lower the pKa, the ________ the acid
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higher
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When -OAc is dissociated into a base, what happens?
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He combines with H+ to make acetic acid (weak acid)
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Is HNO_3 an acid or base?
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Acid - strong
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What is HNO_3
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nitric acid - strong acid
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HNO3 - what is is and strong or weak?
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Strong acid - nitric acid
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________ka = lower pKa
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higher
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Triprotic
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contains three protons
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How is an Arrhenius base defined?
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Increases [-OH] in water
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ka x kb = ____
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kw
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If value of pH is greater than 7, it is a(n)
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base
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What is nitrous acid?
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HNO_2 - weak acid
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Is bareium hydroxide a base or acid?
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Base (strong)
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HNO2 - what is it and is strong or weak?
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Weak acid - nitrous acid
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kw = ____ x ____
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ka and kb
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What is amino?
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Strong base - NH_3
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What is the phosphate ion and is it strong or weak?
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Base - weak, PO_4_^-3
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Buffer
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substance that keeps pH of solution relatively constant
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Diprotic
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contains two protons
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How is a Bronsted-Lowry acid defined?
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Proton donor
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In equilibrium of weak acids/bases, by what thought do you gather information to determine where the equilibrium will shift?
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Stronger acids/bases want to donate/accept protons the most
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When writing a kew equation, what is considered a what?
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Pure substance and do not include in formula
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HFl - what is it and strong or weak?
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Weak acid - hydrofluoric
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When there is a strong acid in the reaction, what else will there be?
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Strong base
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How do you get pKa?
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Take -ln[ka]
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Give example of triprotic acid
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H_3_PO_4
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What does pOH measure?
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Basicity
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The _______ the pKa, the higher the acid
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lower
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What is HNO_2?
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Nitrous acid - weak acid
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HBr what is it and is it strong or weak?
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Strong acid - hydrogen bromide
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What is NH_2?
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Amino - strong base
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Hydrolysis
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reaction of substance (ionic in this area) with water
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What are acids called that contain more than one proton?
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Polyprotic acid
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What is HCl?
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Hydrochloric acid - strong acid
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Spectator ion
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ion present both before and after reaction takes place
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What is the formula to find pOH?
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pOH=-ln[-OH]
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What equation equals 14?
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pH + pOH
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How do you get pKb?
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Take -ln[kb]
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In are reaction where no compounds are particularly strong acids or bases, how do you determine in which direction it goes in?
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forward is more likely to happen if the reactants are strongER acids/bases than the products. They want to accept/donate the proton the most
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Anything can be a strong electrolytes if what?
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Virtually all molecules dissociate
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Is HNO_2 an acid or base?
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Acid - weak
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The _________ the ka, the higher the acid
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higher
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Vinegar is a __________ acid
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weak acid
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Is vinegar an acid or base?
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Acid - weak
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When working pH problem for strong acids/bases, what do you need to know to help, why?
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since strong acids/bases totally dissociate, there is no equilibrium. Because of this, whatever the [concentration] of the acid/base initially, that will be the [concentration] of the the products. Watch out for how many mols! - if two mols of something, make sure to x2 in equation before plugging into pH or pOH (I applicable)
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Formic acid weak or strong acid?
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weak
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pH + pOH =
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14
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Is NaNO_3(s) solube in water?
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Yes - any salt containing NO_3-
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A base does what?
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Accepts protons
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Autoionization
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is the chemical reaction in which two water molecules react to produce a hydronium ion (H3O+) and a hydroxide ion (OH−)
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When have pH or pOH and need to find [ ], what do you do?
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Multiply the pH/pOH by the inverse log - FIRST MULTIPLY BOTH SIDES BY -1 SO THAT YOU TAKE INVERSE LOG OF A NEGATIVE NUMBER!
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Why does a buffer keeping regenerate original acids and bases?
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Too keep the pH of solution relatively constant
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For what is this generic formula: ?=[HA][-OH]/[A-]
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kb
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Is amino a base or acid?
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base - strong
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What is the equilibrium constant for water?
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10^-14
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Salt hydrolysis
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prediction whether the salt solution is acid, base or neutral
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In salt hydrolysis: If have strong acid + strong base = ?
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neutral (pH (about) 7)
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Is Na+ weak or strong?
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Strong base
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Is H_2_SO_4 an acid or base?
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Acid - strong
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When doing an assumption when finding pH/pOH of acid/bases, what are you leaving out?
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The (- x) from the denominator of written equation
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Titrations produce a salt and water provided what?
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That the base is an oxylic one (OH)
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The higher the ka, the ________ the acid
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higher
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What is sulfuric acid?
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h_2_so_4 - strong acid
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Is vinegar a weak or strong acid?
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weak
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What is cyanide?
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-CN - strong base
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What is a titration rxn?
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Strong acid + strong base = salt + H2O
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