Complete List of Terms and Definitions for for EPPP

Terms Definitions
Right Hemisphere Music
Are SSRI's cardiotoxic? no
Thalmus Translating incoming information
Tricyclics imipramine, chomipramine, amitryptline
Low serotonin relates to depression
Treatment: Anxiety drug class benzodiazepine
Paroxetine's brand name is Paxil
Frontal Cortex Attention, executive functions
Hypothalmus Regulating metabolism, body temperature, eating, sex, controls the endocrine system
Medulla Breathing, heart rate, digestion
Excessive dopamine and norepinephrine associated with Schizophrenia
Left Hemisphere: Primary function: Rational, logic,
Apraxia Inability to execute purposeful movements.
Hyperthyroidism Similar to panic disorder...anxiety, palpitations, sweating, and trembling.
Agraphia inability to read or write
What neurotransmitter do cholinergic neurons secrete? acetylcholine
Psychophysics: Def relationship between magnitood of physical stimuli and psychological sensations.
Dopamine effects degreneration of dopamine neurons causes muscular rigidity and tremors found in parkinsons disease
Thyroid: Hormone and function Thyroxin, controls metabolism
Benzodiazepines: Most common use anti anxiety (anxiolytics)
Hypothalamus Involved in regulating the organism's homeostasis. Plays a role in many motivated behaviors such as drinking, feeding, sex, aggression, and maternal behavior.
Benzodiazepines Valium, Xanax, Halcion, and Ativan. Major side effects are: drowsiness, impaired psychomotor abilities, and impaired short-term memory. It is not associated with impaired concept formation.
Dyskinesia Involuntary movements of head, trunk, and limbs.
Dopamine & Norepinephrine are both types of ________ catecholamines
Slurred speech, severe tremors & loss of balance is called ______ ataxia
Prosopagnosia rare disorder characterized by an inability to recognize familiar faces
Left-right disorientation & finger agnosia are associated with damage to which side of the brain? Left side
Alzheimer's Disease is associated with loss of receptors of this neurotransmitter in the hippocampus & cortex ACh
Alzheimer's Disease is associated with loss of receptors of this neurotransmitter in the hippocampus & cortex *A* lz *H* eimers
What hormone maintains the placenta during pregnancy? Progesterone
Forebrain: Five main structures Hypothalamus, thalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system and cerebral cortex
Cognitive-Arousal Theory: def emotion come from physiological arrousal and a cognitive attribution to that arousal.
Broca's Aphasia: not clear speech, slow difficult. Left frontal
Somesthesis: Four sub-modalities Touch, position, temperature and Pain
Left Hemisphere Controls motor and sensory functions on the right side of the body. Specialized for verbal activities.
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Located in the hypothalmus. It controls circadian rhythms.
Inderal A beta-blocker that slows heart rate and other sympathetic nervous system activity. It is used to treat hypertension, migraines, and anxiety. Rapid withdrawal can result in headaches and palpitations.
Decreased initiative, deficient self awareness, difficulties w decision making, abstract thinking, social control and preservation are all associated with damage to which cortex? the prefrontal cortex
Auditory agnosia and deficits in selective attn, as well as hallucinations, delusions, and mood disturbances can result from damage to the… temporal lobe
What percent of variance in body weight is determined by genes? 25-40%
The medulla controls... vital functions (e.g., breathing, heart rate, digestion, blood pressure)
The caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and putamen are all parts of the ________ basal ganglia
The hypothalamus exerts its control over the autonomic nervous system & endocrine system via its influence over the _______ pituitary gland
MAOI's are recommended for what? Atypical depression, including increased appetite, hypersomnia, mood reactivity
REM: def rapid eye, absence of muscle tone, mixed freq EEG
Tricyclics work how? block reuptake of norepinepghrine and serotonin at synapse
Closed Head trauma: cause more widespread damage, often loose consciousness. Duration of antegrade is best predictor of degree and likelyhood of recovery
Cannon-Baird Theory of emotion: Environmental stimuli stimualtes both thalamus and cortex producing sympathetic nervous system arousal and emotional feelings at the same time. Arousal and emotion happens at the same time
Broca's Area: Lobe(including side) and damage result Left frontal, Broca's Aphasia.
Methadone addictive? almost as much as heroin, but withdraw milder
Spinal Cord: function? Carries info between brain and PNS
Autonomic Nervous System Division of the peripheral nervous system involved in the control of visceral functions (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sweating).
Sympathetic Nervous System Division of the autonomic nervous system involved in emergency (flight or fight) reactions. Activation produces increased heart rate, pupil dilation, etc.
Functional Amnesia Memory problems that are due to psychological trauma, not injury to the brain. Characterized by loss of autobiographical information. Usually involves retrograde amnesia.
Split-Brain Patients Something shown in the left visual field, cannot name the object.
Universal Emotions are… innate, universal across cultures, and form the basic components of more complex emotions
Damage to the cerebellum can result in _______ ataxia
Low levels of _____ in the motor regions of the brain are associated with Huntington's Chorea GABA
Sleep Cycle: How many how long 4-6 and 100 minutes
Chronic pain associated with what disorders major depresive, dysthymics disorder,
Antipsychoptics work how? By blocking dopamine receptors in the brain.
Hypogonadism: def and Rx Men with low circulating androgens. Androgen replacement helps.
Wernicke's Aphasia: Def and brain area impaired language comprehension. Temporal Lobe
Conduction Aphasia Due to damage to the nerve fibers (arcuate fasciculus) which connect Broca's area to Wernicke's area. The most typical result of conduction aphasia is difficulty repeating what one has heard.
Frontal Lobe Personality Apathy, inability to plan and focus attention, lack of drive; caused by lesions
Aphasia = deficit in the ability to USE or UNDERSTAND language
The RIGHT hemisphere is generally associated with… artistic and musical abilities
What stage of sleep do Night Terrors occur in? Stage 4
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion Emotions are caused by environmental stimulation of thalamus (resulting in general arousal) & cortex (resulting in emotional experience). The two are simultaneous and all emotions are the same in terms of arousal
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion C & B are very almost co-occuring in the alphabet. In this theory physio arousal and emotional experience are co-occuring.
The thalamus is involved in relaying incoming sensory information except olfactory info to the cortex
Primary Motor Cortex: Def and what lobe Frontal and voluntary movement.
Deep Sleep, slow wave, Delta is in stages Three and four
Frontal Lobe Personality: From damage to FL, apathy, lack of drive, low verbal, can't plan or focus
Hypothalamus: In what main brain structure and does what? Forebrain: controls autonomic nervous system and endocrine system via pituitary gland. Controls body's internal state (temp, fluids, metabolism, appetite). Controls motivated behaviors such as drinking, feeding and sex.
Two processes terminate synaptic transmission by removing the transmitter from the synapse. Reuptake: terminal buttons take up excess neuroT and store for future and Enzymatic degradation break down the neuroT
What tests would you use to assess regional cerebral blood flow? PET and fMRI
REM is characterized by… rapid eye movements, absence of muscle tone, mixed frequency EEG
Pain is affected by subjective variables including knowledge, attn, motivation and suggestibility.
Serotonin plays a role in what 5 categories of disorders? eating disorders
OCD
migraines
social phobias
schizophrenia
Bilateral destruction of the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial temporal lobes develop _________ amnesia anterograde – cannot form new memories
Many aspects of movement including smoothness, initiation, termination, and directedness are modulated by the _____, which consists of these 3 structures extrapyramidal motor system which consists of the cerebellum, the basal ganglia, and the substantia nigra
Basal Ganglia: Includes what three structures Caudate nucleus, globus pallidus and putamen
Central Nervous System (CNS) Consists of the spinal cord and the brain.
What is the fovea? the center of the retina around which most cones are clustered
Wernicke’s Area is usually located in the ______ , and is involved in… dominant (usually left) TEMPROAL lobe and is involved in the COMPREHENSION of language
Sex hormones are produced in the _______ & the _________ pituitary gland & the gonads
What happens in stage 2 sleep? Theta waves with sleep spindles (bursts of faster activity) and K-complexes (higher-amplitude activity)
Brain: Three functional parts and where are they located PRIMITIVE CORE: top of spinal cord, regulates basic somatic activites of breathing and sleeping. LIMBIC SYSTEM(old brain): Built around primitive core, mediates basic drives eg hunger thirst, rage,fear pleasure. CEREBRAL CORTEX(New brain) higher coghnitice and emotion functions
The raphe nuclei are located in the ______, use ______ as a neurotransmitter, and are involved in ______ pons, serotonin, triggering and maintaining slow-wave sleep
What parts of the brain are most associated with memory, and how? Prefrontal cortex: short term memory, temporal lobe: long term memory, hippocampus: memory consolidation
How many stages of sleep are there and how are they categorized? 5 states: 4 NREM + REM sleep