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declining-population
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focuses on the enviornmental factors that are causing the population to decline
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biological augmentation
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uses organisms to add essential materials to a degraded ecosystem
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species diversity
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the variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere
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zoned reserve
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an extensive region of land that includes one or more areas undisturbed by humans
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genetic diversity
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the raw material that makes microevolutionand adaptation to the enviornment possible
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restoration ecology
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ex. restoring the natural water flow patterns in the Kissimmee River
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ozone layer
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upper atmosphere that protects Earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays in sunlight; gradually thinning since 1975 due to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
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small-population
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emphasizes a population's smallness and lack of genetic diversity as a cause of extinction
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movement corridor
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narrow strip or series of small clumps of high-quality habitat connectiong otherwise isolated patches; deciding factor in conserving biodiversity
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bioremediation
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the use of living organisms to detoxify polluted ecosystems; usually prokaryotes, fungi, or plants; strategy for removing harmful substances
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Y2Y
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Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation initiative; preserve biodiversity by connecting protected areas
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biodiversity
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genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity
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guiding conservation efforts
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determining habitat needs; identifying and protecting keystone species
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red-cockaded woodpecker
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recovery-illustrated the declining population approach to conservation
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what are two reasons to be concerned about the relationship of the biodiversity crisis to human welfare?
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1. the enviornmental degradation threatening other species may also harm us
2. We are dependent on biodiversity, both directly through use of organisms and their products and indirectly through use of organisms and their products and indirectly through ecosystem services
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landscape ecology
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the applicationof ecological princicples to the study of the structure and dynamics of a collection of ecosystems; goal: study human land-use patterns in the past, present, and future and to make biodiversity conservation a priority
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biodiversity hot spots
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relatively small areas; huge number of threatened and endangered species
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coastal dead zones
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caused by excess nutrients produce agal blooms and accelerated eutrophication. As these algae die vast numbers of bacteria use up the Oxygen from the bottom water as they decompose the algae
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biophilia
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our sense of connection to nature and other forms of life
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ecosystem diversity
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the network of community interactions among populations of different species within an ecosystem
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endemic species
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species found nowhere other than at these hot spots
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restoration ecology
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uses ecological principals to develop ways to return degraded ecosystems to conditions as similar as possible to their natural predegraded state
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threats to biodiversity
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habitat destruction: greatest threat to biodiversity' ex. deforestation, mining, urban development; induced species: species trasferred to a location where it did not occur naturally, ex. shipping unintentionally, carrying insects; overexploration: ex. overharvesting, poaching, spot hunting
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endangered species
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in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant potion of its range
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biological magnification
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occurs because the biomass at any given trophic level is produced from a much larger toxin-containing biomass investigated from the level below, therefore, the top level predators are damaged the most
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human activities
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alter trophic structure, energy flow, chemical cyclingand natural disturbances; threaten earth's biodiversity; global extinction rate estimated 1,000 times higher than at any time in the pas 100,000 years
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threatened species
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those that are likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future
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sustainable developement
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long term prosperity of human societies and the ecosystems that support them
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