| Terms |
Definitions |
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lithosphere
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the brittle ______ is the outermost physical layer of the earth which sits/floats on the underlying, plastic (or more fluid) asthenosphere:
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granite
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continental crust generally has composition of:
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convergent
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edge of pacific ocean referred to as "ring of fire" because ______ plate boundaries are found along most of the edges
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ferdinand magellan
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who's voyage was the first to circumnavigate the earth?
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seamount
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stands over 1000m above the seafloor
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Convergent plate boundaries
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surround most edges of pacific ocean
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Hawaii
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Dr. Walsh got to watch basaltic lava flowing into the ocean firsthand during a visit to:
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CCD (Carbonate compensation depth)
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depth at which the rate of dissolution of calcium carbonate equals the rate of supply
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John Harrison
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Who created the first marine chronometer?
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declining
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in the wilson cycle, the pacific ocean is considered to be at what stage:
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currents waves and tides
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sedimentation on the shelf over short time scales is strongly controlled by
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carbonates or calcareous
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coral reefs produce this kind of sediment in tropical latitudes with low river sediment supply?
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wilson cycle
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the sequence of stages in the evolution of an ocean basin
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biogenous
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fine and coarse sediments derived from the hard parts of organisms are termed:
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slump
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a sediment pile that slides down the continental slope largely intact
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silt and clay
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the term "mud" includes sediments of ____ and ____ sizes.
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speed and direction
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dead reckoning determines ship's position from one time to the next by measuring:
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submarine trenches
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the deepest depths in the ocean are found at convergent plate boundaries in features known as:
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subduction zones
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an accretionary prism, a faulted wedge of sediment, is created on the seafloor at:
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atlantic
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example of a mature ocean basin
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benioff zone
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this is the name for a zone of earthquakes which define the path of a subducting plate:
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seismic reflection
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to image the layers of sediments below the seafloor, geologists use an acoustic method known as:
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ice rafting
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the process of ice bergs carrying sediment into the surrounding ocean
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mid-ocean ridge
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along a divergent plate boundary seafloor spreading creates new seafloor along a:
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longitude
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A marine chronometer (clock) allows sailors to calculate:
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origin and size
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according to the textbook, the primary classifications of marine sediments are based upon:
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continental drift
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in 1915, alfred wegener proposed a revolutionary idea based on geological evidence and the shape of continents. hypothesis known as:
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plate tectonics
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the theory that the earth's lithosphere is divided into broad, irregular plates that are either converging, diverging, or slipping by one another is known as:
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basalt
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Oceanic crust mainly composed of:
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terrigenous
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fine and coarse grains of sediment produced by weathering on land are termed:
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isostasy
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the equilibrium state which causes continental crust to float higher than oceanic crust, explaining topographic variability of the earth's surface?
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transform
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in southern california, this type of plate boundary is found:
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transform plate boundary
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lithospheric plates move horizontally past each other at a:
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