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Deflation
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an economic activity resulting in a decline of prices
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Homer Plessy
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man who challenged the Louisiana law requiring blacks to ride in a separate car on trains
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Intrastate Commerce
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business transactions involving companies that do business only in one state.
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Booker T Washington
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African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.
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Greenbacks
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Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver.
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Tenent Farmers
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Pays for rent for farms through money.
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spoils system (patronage)
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when the government changes, so do the civil service workers
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Graduated Income Tax
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tax on earnings that charges different rates for different income levels
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Landless Farmers
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Payed rent through Crops, not money.
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W.E.B Dubois
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1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation, helped create NAACP
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Silverites
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people who believed coining silver in unlimited quantities would solve the nations economic crisis
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Charles Macune
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one of the founders of the National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union
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Mckinley Tariff
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Bill that lowered federal revenue and transformed the nations budget surplus into a budget defict.
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Wabash Case
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Established the principle that only the federal government could regulate interstate commerce.
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Democratic Party
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One of the two major U.S political party; to support a decentralized government and state's rights
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grandfather clause
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an exemption based on circumstances existing prior to the adoption of some policy
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Interstate Commerce
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trade between two or more states
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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an 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States
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stalwarts
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Republicans fighting for civil service reform during Garfield's term; they supported Cleveland.
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Tammany Hall
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a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city seeking political control by corruption and bossism.
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William Jennings Bryan
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United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school. Also wrote the "Cross of Gold" speech.
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Patrons of Husbandry
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Nations 1st national farm organization...AKA...grange.
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Civil Rights Act
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Allowed african americans in public places at any time wanted.
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Pendleton Act
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Allowed the president to decide who got the jobs in the civil service.
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Ida Wells
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African American who led the fight against lynching
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William McKinley
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25th President of the United States
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Gold Bugs
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a person who believes that American currency should be based on a gold standard
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Mugwumps
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Republican reformer who chose to change parties rather than accept Blaine as their candidate
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Cooperatives
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farms owned and operated by the government
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Republican Party
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political party established in the United States in 1854 with the goal of keeping slavery out of the western territories
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Roscoe Conkling
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a politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party.
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Benjamin Singleton
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Leader of African American pioneers know as exodusters, who moved to the Great Plains after the Civil War.
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Jim Crow Laws
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Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights
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poll tax
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a tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote
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Gold Standard Act
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established gold as the only standard for redeeming paper money, stopping bimetallism; signed bye McKinley
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Election of 1888
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Benjamin Harrison/republican vs. Grover Cleveland/democrat= Harrison
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Atlanta Compromise
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Major speech on race-relations given by Booker T. Washington addressing black labor opportunities, and the peril of whites ignoring black injustice
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Election of 1880
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James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur (republicans). Winfield Scott (democrats). Garfield won election, but was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau
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Interstate commerce commission
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1st federal law designed to regulate interstate commerce.
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Rebates
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Partial refunds
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Charles Guiteau
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American lawyer who assassinated President James A. Garfield on July 2, 1881. He was executed by hanging.
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Exodusters
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African Americans who moved from post reconstruction South to Kansas.
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Farmer' Alliance
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Started in South Lamasas County, Texas and was to raise prices, and sadly failed.
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Political Bosses
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powerful politician who controls work done locally and demands payoffs from businesses and controlled political parties
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Populist Party
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U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies
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Populist Platform
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8 hour work day, graduated income tax, RRs to return land not used to build RRs so farmers could get cheap under Homestead Act, silver, government ownership of RR/telephone/telegraph, farm warehouses, direct election of senators
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half-breeds
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republican reformers who were accused of backing reform simply to create openings for their own supporters.
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Inflation
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a general and progressive increase in prices
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