| Terms |
Definitions |
|
Hernando Cortes
|
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
|
|
sexism
|
discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of the opposite sex
|
|
corregidores
|
local officials who held judicial and military power
|
|
Politiques
|
ruler who places political unity above conformity to religious dogma
|
|
Henry III
|
Son of Catherine d'Medici and Henry II; Leader of Catholics, of France
|
|
racism
|
discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race
|
|
Henry of Guise
|
Catholic and leader of an influential family in France who wanted to drive out all Huguenots in France and establish a Catholic Kingdom for himself
|
|
Mary Queen of Scots
|
Catholic relative to Protestant Queen Elizabeth I of England. She allegedly plotted with Spain's Philip II to overthrow Elizabeth and reassert Catholicism in England. Elizabeth had her beheaded.
|
|
audiencia
|
Royal court of appeals established in Spanish colonies of New World; there were ten in each viceroyalty; part of colonial administrative system; staffed by professional magistrates.
|
|
Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre
|
slaugher of huguenots in paris as ordered by cathlic queen of france
|
|
skepticism
|
doubt about the truth of something
|
|
Richard II
|
King of England during peasant revolts. Promised to except the rebels demands if they returned to their homes. Upon returning, he had them arrested (also a Shakesperean play).
|
|
Catherine de' Medici
|
wife of Henry II, influenced her sons after the end of there father's rein. She placed an alliance with the ultra-Catholics (the militant Catholics), which was led by the second most powerful family in France, The Guise Family. She permitted the Guise Family their own independent army,which they would use to take out the other religions residing within the French Borders. This led to the civil wars in France and also the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
|
|
Francisco Pizarro
|
Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)
|
|
Dutch East India Company
|
Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies until the british came and took over
|
|
astrolabe
|
an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets
|
|
Vasco da Gama
|
Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. (p. 428)
|
|
Elizabeth I
|
Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
|
|
Caravel
|
A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. (p. 427)
|
|
Bartholomew Diaz
|
(1487-1488) Portuguese, first European to reach the southern tip of Africa in 1488.
|
|
Francis I
|
This was the French king who reached an agreement with Pope Leo X and allowed the French king to select French bishops and abbots
|
|
inflation
|
an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy
|
|
Charles V
|
Created an empire that included Spain, Spain's overseas colonies, Naples, the Hapsburg domains in Europe, and the Holy Roman Empire. He abdicted in 1556 to retire to a Spanish monastery due to much trouble in keeping his empire together.
|
|
Philip II
|
The son of CHarles V was born and educated in Spain. He ruled Spain until his death in 1598. Spain's financial problems grew as he pursued his leadership position as head of the Counter Reformation. He sent the Spanish Armada against England in 1588, but it ended in disaster.
|
|
Pope Sixtus V
|
He learned of Mary's death on March 24, slowness of comm., and promised to pay Philip 1 million gold ducats the moment Spanish troops landed in England.
|
|
Treaty of Cateau Cambresis
|
1559. ended the habsburg-valois wars. france lost.
|
|
Edict of Nantes
|
document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots
|
|
Gaspard de Coligny
|
assass. By Henry III (ordered by Catherine de Medici), prominent Protestant leader, ignites the massacre against the French Huguenots
|
|
Henry of Navarre
|
Political leader of the Huguenots and a member of the Bourbon dynasty, succeeded to the throne as Henry IV. He realized that as a Protestant he would never be accepted by Catholic France, so he converted to Catholicism. When he became king in 1594, the fighting in France finally came to an end.
|
|
essay
|
an analytic or interpretive literary composition
|
|
Christopher Columbus
|
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to Asia
|
|
Concordat of Bologna
|
1516 - Treaty under which the French Crown recognized the supremacy of the pope over a council and obtained the right to appoint all French bishops and abbots.
|
|
Huguenots
|
These were the French Calvinists that were often persecuted until the Edict of Nantes
|
|
Peace of Westphalia
|
Treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War (1648) and readjusted the religious and political affairs of Europe.
|
|
Viceroyalties
|
large provinces organized by Spain
|
|
Catholic League
|
Counter to Protestant Union
|
|
Protestant Union
|
(1608) alliance of German Lutheran princes alarmed at religious and territorial spread of Calvinism and Catholicism. Catholic princes responded with the Catholic League (1609). The two armed camps erupted in the Thirty Years War (1618-1648). (p. 499)
|
|
baroque
|
elaborate an extensive ornamentation in decorative art and architecture that flourished in Europe in the 17th century
|
|
Ferdinand I
|
Emperor of Austria, tried to stop the revolution and waited until a period in which they could reestablish firm control
|
|
Habsburg Valois wars
|
Wars between the French and Germans when the French returned to Italy.
|
|
War of the Three Henry's
|
This was the last of the wars that occurred over the religious differences in France, between the Catholics (Henry III of France and Henry of Guise) and Protestants (Henry IV)
|
|
Amerigo Vespucci
|
The italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. America is named after him
|
|
Defenestration of Prague
|
The hurling, by Protestants, of Catholic officials from a castle window in Prague, setting off the Thirty Years' War.
|
|
Council of Blood
|
created by the Duke of Alba, Spanish governor of the Netherlands, in 1567. The job of this Council was to try cases of suspected treason committed by Protestant rebels against the Catholic government imposed by Spain.
|
|
nobility of the robe
|
the people/families who bought public offices and were exempt from taxes and the crowns jurisdiction
|
|
Thirty Years' War
|
War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia
|
|
Escorial
|
A Spanish monastery and palace built by Philip II.
|
|
Spanish Armada
|
the Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy led by Francis Drake. This is viewed as the decline of Spains Golden Age, and the rise of England as a world naval power.
|
|
price revolution
|
increase in prices in 16th century-inflation-increased demand for goods-influx of gold and silver
|
|
misogyny
|
hatred of women
|
|
mercantilism
|
A set of economic principles based on policies which stress government regulation of economic activities to benefit the home country
|
|
Union of Utrecht
|
The union created for the Netherlands that granted their independence against Spain, The 7 northern provinces who were lead by Holland, in 1581 declared independence from Spain
|
|
quinto
|
one-fifth: amount the Spanish crown was to receive of all precious metals mined in the Americas
|
|
Prince Henry
|
Supported the Portuguese explorations. He wanted to spread Christian faith. He founded a navigation school in the southwestern coast of Portugal.
|
