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Definitions |
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what are arcuate fasciculi?
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curved tracts that connect adjacent areas of cortex
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what structure is partially removed to treat intractable seizures? what part if preferentially removed and why?
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corpus callosumanterior is preferentially removed because it is the main culprit in seizures and the splenium connects the dominant Broca's area to the non-dominant side of the brain.
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What are the different names of collections of axons from neurons that are similar ie doing a similar fx?
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bundle, fasciculus, tractstria, ansa
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What are the brainstems associated tracts?
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medial longitudinal fasciculus and central tegmental tract
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what is the cingulum?
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as association tract of the liimbic system that underlies the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri
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what fibers does the ALIC carry?
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corticopontine
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Name a disease that affects the corpus callosum
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Tay Sachs disease->shows a thinning of corpus callosum
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What part of the corpus callosum is removed if you have severe seizures and what is left and why?
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anterior and body removed and splenium left so that the visual information can go back and forth. So that visual information can be connected to Broca's area.
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give superior, inferior and midline relationships of the corpus callosum
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> the superior side of the callosum in the midline is at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure> the inferior side forms the roof of the lateral ventricle and relates to the fornix and septum pellucidum in the midline
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what fibers does the genu of the internal capsule carry?
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corticobulbar fibers
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What does the corona radiata represent?
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Fibers to and from cortex and lower (subcortical) structures(eg thalamus, brainstem and spinal cord) like a funnel
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what is The arcuate fasciculus?
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the lower part of SLF both anteriorly and posteriorly sweeps downward- this arching subset of the SLF interconnecting Wernicke’s and Broca’s speech(language)areas is given the special name arcuate fasciculus
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What is the centrum semiovale?
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large central area of white matter in the cerebrum->includes the intersections of internal capsule, callosal fibers and superior longitudinal fissure.
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what is a projection?
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one way fiber tract
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What is a disconnection syndrome
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Absence of/lesion of corpus callosum
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What is a radiation?
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a projection from a more localised area to a broader area
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Name the different parts of the corpus callosum and there location
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rostrum->genu->body->spleniumanterior to posterior
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What connects Wernicke's area and Brocke's area and what happens if there is a lesion
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arcuate fasciculus (left side-usually dominant side) and would cause speech problems. eg person would not be able tp repeat the word tree back to you
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name four vertical tracts contained in the internal capsule
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including ascending thalamocorticalfibers and descending corticothalamic, corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers
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What interconnects the anterior temporal lobes?
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anterior commisure
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what fibers do the PLIC carry?
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corticospinal
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What and where is forceps major and minor?
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Forceps minor: anterior portion of corpus callosum connecting frontal lobesForceps major: posterior corpus callosumCorpus callosum interconnecting occipital lobes
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Does the brainstem consist of grey matter?
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white and grey matter mostly jumbled up
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how has intractable pain and OCD been treated surgically?
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cingulotomy
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What is the internal capsule?
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narrowing of the corona radiata-> b/w brainstem and corona radiata
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What connects occipital and temporal lobe?
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inferior longitudinal fasciculus
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where is the anterior commissure? What structures does it connect?
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superior part of lamina terminalis; middle and inferior gyri of the temporal lobe and olfactory cortex
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What lies lateral to external capsule?
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claustrum->extreme capsule->insula
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What are 'U' or 'arcuate' fibers
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short fasciculi that interconnect close cortical regions
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Name the 2 intra hemispheric association bundles and their paths
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sup and inf longitudinal fasiculus-> anteroposteriorly
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what is the largest commissure in the brain? What is it formed from?
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Corpus Callosum formed from the majority of mirror image interhemispheric connections
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what kind of lesion affects the upward gaze?
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a lesion on the posteriorcommissure; in ventral stalk of pineal gland; connects visual nuclei in midbrain tectum
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A lesion in what part of the SLF will cause speech and language problems?
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Lesion of the left (dominant side) arcuate fasciculus causes problems of speech and language because it interrupts communication from the language comprehension cortex to the motor speech cortex
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are association bundles inter or intrahemispheric
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intrahemispheric
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What connects the temporal and frontal lobes and what happens if damaged?
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uncinate fasciculus (hooked shaped)and causes unicnate fits (seizures)
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Name the 3 parts of the internal capsule
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anterior limb, genu and posterior limb
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