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hu jintao
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china's current communist party leader and head of state
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freedom house
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The non-profit organization that categorizes nations as having a free, partially free or not free press is...
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three represents
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jiang zemin's 2001 policy co-opting private entrepreneurs into the CCP
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social capital
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Democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations.
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TVE township village entrprises
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township village enterprises one of dengs four modernizations in which in the country side the government owns the building and the people own the buisness
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bourgeoisie
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the social class between the lower and upper classes
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may fourth movement
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student-led anti-imperialist cultural and political movement growing out of student demonstrations in beijing on may 4, 1919
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national people's congress NPC
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China's national legislature
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decentralize
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to transfer government power to smaller regions
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democratic centralism
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The Leninist organizational structure that concentrates power in the hands of the party elite.
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falun gong
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a spiritual movement that began in China in the latter half of the 20th century and is based on Buddhist and Taoist teachings and practices
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household responsibility system
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deng's 1980s' highly successful rural reform program that lowered production quotas and allowed the sale of surplus agricultural produce on the free market
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village elections
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Where in China you would be most likely to find western-style elections.
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wen jiabao
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china's current premier and head of government
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standing committee of the politburo
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The Politburo Standing Committee consists of between 5 and 9 members of the Politburo. These individuals (currently 9) are the most powerful individuals in the PRC.
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rule of law
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Concept that holds that government and its officers are always subject to the law
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long march
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the communist party's 3,000-mile heroic retreat (1934-35) to northwestern china during its civil war with the chinese nationalist KMT
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special administrative regions
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status given to Hong Kong and Macau so that their existing social and economic systems would remain unchanged for 50 years after their return to China
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authoritarian
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characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule
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jiang zemin
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deng's successor in the 1990s as communist party leader and head of state
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vanguard party
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a political party that claims to operate in the "true" interests of the group or class it purports to represent, even if this understanding doesn't correspond to the expressed interests of the group itself. CCP and CPSU are examples.
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special economic zones
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enclaves established since 1980 by the chinese government that have offered tax breaks and other incentives to lure foreign investment
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capitalist roader
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Derogatory term used to label moderate Chinese Communist Party leaders during the Cultural Revolution.
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all-china women's federation
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an organization of women established in China in March 1949 constructed as a mass organization supported by the Communist Party of China, and based on Marxist theory. The basic functions of the federation are to represent and safeguard the rights and interests of women and promote equality between men and women.
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parallel hierarchies
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linkage between the communist party, state/gov't, and the People's Liberation army
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red book
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Book written by Mao Zedong, respected like a bible
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mass campaigns
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Types of media:
Television and radio
Pamphlets and posters
Slide presentations, DVD/videotaped programs
World Wide Web
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four modernizations
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Deng Xiaoping's plan to change China after the disaster of Cultural Revolution. Improve- agriculture, science/technology, defense and industry
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fdi
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"Foreign Direct Investment is the purchase by the investors or corporations of one country of non-financial assets in another country. This involves a flow of capital from one country to another to build a factory, purchase a business or buy real estate."
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confucianism
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The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.
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OPEC
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; international cartel that inflates price of oil by limiting supply; Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and UAE are prominent members
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national party congress
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body of over 2,000 delegates chosen primarily from congresses on lower levels; meets every 5 years to rubberstamp decisions by party leaders; main power: elect members of the Central Committee
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Black cat, white cat...
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Mandan Chiefs who gave information to L & C
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one country, two systems
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china's guarantee to hong kong of fifty years of domestic autonomy as a special administrative region after the british colony was returned to china in 1997
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mass organizations
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Through media and propganda the masses were targeted into being good Communists. Million were sent to work camp or were killed
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socialist market economy
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market economy that combines substantial state ownership of large industries with private enterprise, where both forms of ownership operate in a free-pricing market environment, CCP uses to refer to the economic system of China. Conveys a mix of state control and market forces that China is now following in its quest for economic development. Implication that socialism will promote equality, while the market will encourage people to work hard and encourage companies to invest.
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command economy
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An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.
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netisan
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citizen of the net
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Tiananmen Square
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Historic plaza in Beijing where the chinese party-state crushed the 2989 pro-reform demonstration
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communism
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a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership
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harmonious society campaign
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"A harmonious society should feature democracy, the rule of law, equity, justice, sincerity, amity and vitality,
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uighur
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the Turkic language spoken by approximately 7,000,000 Uighur people in extreme northwestern China
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One party state vs dominant party state
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a country has one single political party, or only one party that has any real likelihood of winning elections; mostly authoritarian; won elections successfully
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military affairs committee
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One of the leading groups of the CCP under Deng Xiaoping.
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reform and opening
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deng's echonomic liberalization policy, starting in the late 1970s
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Nationalism
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the doctrine that nations should act independently (rather than collectively) to attain their goals
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hukuo household registration
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maoist program that tied all chinese to a particular geographic location
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red guard
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radicalized youth who served as mao's shock troops during the cultural revolution
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great leap forward
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Started by Mao Zedong, combined collective farms into People's Communes, failed because there was no incentive to work harder, ended after 2 years
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democratization
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the spread of representative government to more countries and the process of making governments more representative
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cooptation
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granting favors in exchange for benefit; "buying off" critics
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Mao Zedong
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leader of the chinese communist revolution who dominated chinese politics from the founding of the PRC until his death
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NGO
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Non govermental organization's are aimed at third world or developing countries with the goal of eradicating some of the problems in the country
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civil society
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a complex network of voluntary associations, economic groups, religious organizations, and many other kinds of groups that exist independently from the government
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deng xiaoping
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Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong. (p. 862)
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PRC
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People's Republic of China
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lenin
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founded the Communist Party in Russia and set up the world's first Communist Party dictatorship. He led the October Revolution of 1917, in which the Communists seized power in Russia. He then ruled the country until his death in 1924.
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sun yat-sen
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founder of china's nationalist party kuomintang and considered the father of modern China
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communist youth league
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The CYL is a mass organization of advanced youth led by the CPC, a school for the broad masses of youth to study communism in practice and an assistant and reserve of the CPC. The CYL resolutely supports the program of the CPC, takes Marxism-Leninism,
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floating population
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China's 150 million moving peasants who left the countryside to find urban employment. They have no danwei affiliation.
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guanxi
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a Chinese term meaning "connections" or "relationships" and describes personal ties between individuals based on such things as common birthplace or mutual acquaintances; important factor in China's political and economic life.
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red vs expert debate
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...
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Marxism
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the political, economic, and social principles and policies advocated by Karl Marx that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will untimately be superseded
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cultural revolution
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a radical reform in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 and carried out largely by the Red Guard
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people's liberation army PLA
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china's military
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politburo
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Within the Central Committee this was the political bureau of about 12 members who dominated the discussion on policy and leading personnel.
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kuomintang KMT
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china's nationalist party founded by sun yat-sen and led by chiang kai-shek, who was overthrown by mao's communists in 1949 and forced to flee to taiwan
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iron rice bowl
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mao's promise of cradle-to-grave health care, work, and retirement security that has largely disappeared under reform and opening
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taiwan republic of china
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Political tension and economic interaction; huge amount of trade and investment; PRC's 5th largest trading partner; democracy provides alternative model of capitalist development, but PRC doesn't think its ready
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danwei
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One of the two systems created to deal with population problems. All workers were attached to a workgroup and the workgroup was the only was to get approval and have access to anything.
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privatization
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To change from government or public ownership or control to private ownership or control.
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party-state
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The notion that the CPSU and other ruling communist parties dominated their entire political systems.
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unitary state
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An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials
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hong kong
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a British colony in China, received after the first Opium War and returned to China in 1997
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popular social movements
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...
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one-child policy
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Act in China that allows people to have only 1 child in the city and 2 children in the countryside.
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secretariat
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Generic term used to describe the bureaucratic leaders of a communist party.
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cult of personality
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Promotion of the image of an authoritarian leader not merely as a political figure but as someone who embodies the spirit of the nation and possesses endowments of wisdom and strength far beyond those of the average individual.
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one china policy
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China's view that there is only one legitimate China, but that it can incorporate different systems, like Hong Kong (a former colony of the UK), and Taiwan.
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all-china federation of trade unions
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The ACFTU was founded on May 1, 1925. It is a mass organization formed by the Chinese working class on a voluntary basis.
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state-owned enterprises SOEs
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A business owned by the government. One of Deng's reforms was to limit the number of SOEs and encourage more private owned companies and businesses.
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general secretary
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top party official with all the power, currently Hu Jintao, of the standing committe of the Politboro, who is formally in charge ofthe Secretariat, which handles daily affairs of the party leadership
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