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femoral artery
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chief artery of the lower limb
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PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)
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what prevents the femur from moving anteriorly on a planted tibia
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the suprapatellar is continuous with the synovial joint cavity so it can get involved in inflammation and infection of the knee joint
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what's inflamed in suprapatellar bursitis, how does it happen?
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adductor hiatis -becomes femoral vein
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when does the popliteal vein change names (what does it become?)
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saphenous nerve
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cutaneous branch of the femoral n. in the medial leg
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not the sheath! it comes in with the muscle compartment
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how does the femoral nerve enter the femoral triangle?
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medial and lateral collateral ligaments
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thickenings of the fibrous capsule of the knee that function to restrict the movement of the joint to hinge only
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semimembranous (remember that m is below t in the alphabet)
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which is deeper semimebranous or semitendonous?
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rolling and gliding
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flexion of the knee involves both ___ and ___ movements of the joint surfaces relative to one another
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medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries
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what does the profunda femoris give rise to?
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the medial
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which collateral ligament of the knee is wider?
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extends from femur to head of fibula (NOT attached to medial meniscus)
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describe the path/attachment of the lateral collateral ligament
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crural fascia
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what is the fascia lata continuous with?
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femoral canal/ring
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most medial part of the femoral sheath
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great saphenous, must run backwards because of the presence of valves
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this vein is/was commonly used as a graft but must be oriented special, what vein/orientation is this
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semimenbranous, semitendonous, biceps femoris -long head only (posterior compartment except biceps short head)
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what makes up the hamstrings
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runs from the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia
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what is the path/attachment of the ACL?
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ascends posterior to the LATERAL malleolus along the lateral boder of the calcaneal tendon
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describe the path of the small saphenous vein
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great and small saphenous
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the main cutaneous veins of the lower limb
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dorsal venous arch
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where do the great and small saphenous veins originate?
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the subcutaneous prepatellar bursa can become inflamed as a result of compression or friction between skin and the patella
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what's inflamed in housemaid's knee, how does it happen?
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medial,lateral,medial,lateralresults in screwing home or locking of the knee during full extension
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the ___ condylar surface of the femur is longer than the ____ condylar surface, thus the ____ condyle continues to travel longer than the _____ condyle during knee flexionwhat does this cause?
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women-more lateral Q angle on knee joint, so vastus lateralus has a more direct pull on the knee cap
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who is more susceptible to patellofemoral syndrome? why?
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NAVEL! from lateral to medialN: Femoral NerveA: Femoral ArteryV: Femoral VeinE: Empty SpaceL: Lymph
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contents of the femoral triangle
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nerves, vessels, lymph ->pass through here to go from 1 side of thigh to other (anterior to posterior?)
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what goes through the adductor hiatus?
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external iliac artery and vein
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what vessels come under the inguinal ligament before the enter the femoral sheath
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cruciate ligaments (both)
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stabilizes the knee joint in an anterior and posterior direction
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no, synovial membrane reflects around them
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are the cruciate ligaments included in the joint cavity proper?
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popliteal vein
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where does the small saphenous vein drain?
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between the patellar tendon and the joint cavity
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where is the infrapatellar fat pad located
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quadriceps tendon
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tendon the patella is in
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3
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how many septa are in the deep fascia of the thigh
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inferior margin of external oblique
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what is the inguinal ligament derived from
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set patient laying on a table with hip and knee flexed and see if their bent knees push back or pull forward too far"gross" anterior/posterior movment = bad
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how are the cruciate ligaments evaluated?
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Femoral artery
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what does the external iliac artery become when it crosses the inguinal ligament
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muscle actions and valves
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what helps return venous blood more efficiently in the lower limb
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femoral sheath
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extension of the fascia lata as the vessels come through
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the patellar tendon
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above the patella, the quadriceps tendon is known as:
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tibial tuberosity
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common insertion of quadriceps femoris
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fibrocartilage
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the menisci are c shaped and adapt to the surface of the knee joint throughout the full range of movement, what are they made from that allows this?
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the subcutaneous INFRApatellar bursa can become inflamed as a result of friction between skin and the tibial tuberosity (from kneeling)
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what's inflamed in Vicar's knee, how does it happen?
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adductor hiatis
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what gap is formed by the two parts of the abductor magnus?
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since the knee is stable without muscle help, the muscles(soleus in particular) are not being used to pump blood back up and so there is a shortage of blood to the head
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why do locked knees cause fainting?
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rectus femorisvastus lateralisvastus intermediusvastus medialis
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list the quadriceps muscles
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femoral sheath
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funnel shaped tube extending 4cm below the inguinal ligament enclosing the femoral artery, vein, and deep lymphatics, comes off the epimysium of the iliopsoas and iliacus
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medial collateral ligament (MCL)
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which collateral ligament of the knee is more commonly injured
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Superior: inguinal ligamentMedial: adductor longusLateral: sartoriusfloor/posterior: iliopsoas and pectineusroof/anterior: fascia lata
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borders of the femoral triangle, GO!
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perforating veins
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provides communication between deep and superficial veins
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runs from the lateral side of the medial femoral condyle to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia
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what is the path/attachment of the PCL?
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profunda femoris
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what artery comes off the femoral artery within the femoral triangle
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bowel, can cause bowel strangulation-more common in females due to broader pelvis
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what herniates through the femoral canal/ring? who more commonly?
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rectus femoris
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most powerful knee extensor due to short fibers along the central raphe
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genicular arteries (medial/lateral superior & inferiors-4 total)+tibial and peroneal
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what comes off the popliteal artery
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articular cartilage
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the condyles are covered with ___
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superior, suprapatellar bursa
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the synovial joint cavity extends ____ to the joint surfaces and deep to the quadriceps tendon as the _____
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medial compartment of femoral sheath-femoral canal/ring
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common site of herniation in the thigh
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anterior, medial, posterior
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list the 3 compartments of the thigh
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the deep infra patellar bursa lies between the patellar tendon and the tibia. It can become inflamed as a result of overuse or in assoc. with the disease-repeated avulsion/heal/avulsion of the tibial tuberositythis occurs in young people because their mu
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what's inflamed in Osgood-Schlatter's disease, how does it happen?
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femoral artery
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artery found half way between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis
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Quadriceps femoris:1) rectus femoris2) vastus lateralis3) vastus intermedius4) vastus medialisOthers:5) articularis genu6) sartorius7) iliopsoas8) pectineus
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list the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh
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synovial membrane
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what lines the infrapatellar fat pad's internal surface
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the lateral collateral ligament
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which collateral ligament of the knee is more cord like?
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ACL
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what prevents the femur from moving posteriorly on a planted tibia
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Femoral nerve
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what is in the femoral triangle but not the femoral sheath?
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- (old idea)vastus lateralus pulls the knee cap laterally causing pain as it is shoved into the lateral condyle-may actually be caused by weak lesser gluteals putting pressure on the knee which stregnthens the vastus lateralus as it compensates
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what causes patellofemoral syndrome?
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Obturator nerve
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common innervation of the medial compartment of the thigh
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just anterior to the medial malleoulus (and posterior to the medial condyle of the femur)
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where can the great sapehnous vein ALWAYS be found
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torn meniscus, cruciate ligament tear
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what are 2 common knee injuries?
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through anterior thigh within the adductor canal to the adductor hiatus
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where does the femoral artery continue beyond the femoral triangle?
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adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracillis
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list the muscles of the medial compartment
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femoral nerve
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nerve that innervates the anterior compartment
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femoral vein
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where does the great saphenous vein drain
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cruciate ligaments
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what does anterior/posterior drawer sign evaluate?
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semimembranous, semitendonous, biceps femoris (long and short heads)
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list the muscles of the posterior compartment
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deepen the articular surfaces to changing curvature of the femur during movements
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what is the function of the menisci
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extends from the femur to the tibia, attached firmly to medial meniscus
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describe the attachment/path of the medial collateral ligament
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the femur undergoes slight medial rotation movement relative to the tibia
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what motion does the femur do when the knees lock
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ends: hornsperiphery: coronary ligaments
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what attaches the menisci at the ends and periphery?
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