| Terms |
Definitions |
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what are subdivisions in strata based on the lack of natural strata called?
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arbitrary
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what is a draw back of a surface survey?
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they can be biased
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what is an artifact?
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any object used or modified or made by humans
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this is Used to create maps of subsurface human activities and is non-intrusive
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geophysical survey
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what are the three types of surveys?
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aerial, subsurface, surface
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what are subdivisions in strata based on unnatural features called
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non arbitrary
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what is ethnography?
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the descriptive study of human studies
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what are some features of vertical excavation?
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Diachronic perspectiveCulture sequence Small excavation areaLimited view of cultural processe
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what is subsurface sampling?
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Intrusive approach to find archaeological remains hidden by ground cover or buried.
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Sampling units in the form of long strips Component of random samplingFairly representative sample
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transects
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what is the difference between and unsystematic and a systematic survey?
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systematic requires a sampling strategy and provides a more complete and unbiased look at the distribution of sites
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what are activity areas?
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Locations where some particular behavior occurred once or repeatedly, leaving identifiable evidence.
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what is a region?
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the largest spatial clusters of archaeological sites
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when is a surface survey useful?
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when difficult topography is encountered
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what are 3 important things to record post-survey?
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the size of the unit
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what are subdivisions in strata based on natural divisions in the sediment called?
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natural levels
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what are 3 important things to record post survey?
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reasons for choosing to excavate a particular site, size of the unit,relationships between artifacts and features
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what is it called when you explore horizontally?
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site margins
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When was archaeology established as an academic field in the US?
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late 19th century
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when are shovel tests useful?
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if there are remains close to the surface
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what are ecofacts?
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Non-artifactual material remains that have cultural relevance
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what is it called when you explore vertically?
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stratigraphy
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how many fields is anthropology divided into?
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4
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what are some of the features of a horizontal excavation?
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Synchronic perspectiveSpatial distribution of artifactsExtensive view of cultural processFocus on activity areas
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what are features?
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non-portable artifacts
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the laying down or depositing of strata or layers one above another – based on the law of superposition: The underlying layer was deposited first and therefore older than the overlaying deposit.
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stratigraphy
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this sampling strategy is not systematic and based on specific research interestthe results can be very biased
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judgement sampling
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