| Terms |
Definitions |
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What does an equal pupils suggest
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An illness or injury to the brain
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Where is the pain of angina pectoris usually felt?
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Mid chest, under the stern. It can radiate to the job and arms on the back or the epic gastronome
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What sort of injury in a fluid draining from the ears or nose suggest
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Basal skull fracture
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transportation area
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The area in a mass-casualty incident where ambulances and crews are organized to transport patients from the treatment area to receiving hospitals.
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Hernia
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The protrusion of a loop of an organ or tissue through abnormal body opening
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Four-person log roll
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The recommended procedure for moving a patient with suspected spinal injury from the ground into a long backboard
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osteoporosis
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brittle bones
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Oral
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By mouth; a medication delivery route
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Exceptions of Confidentiality
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1. Abuse of Children or Elderly (or others) 2. Injury during commission of a felony. 3. Drug-related injuries (criminal). 4. Childbirth 5. Scene of a Crime. 6. Deceased
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intervertebral disk
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the cushion that lies between two vertebrae
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inguinal ligament
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the tough, fibrous ligament that stretches between the lateral edge of the pubic symphysis and the anterior superior iliac spine
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triceps
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the muscle in the back of the upper arm
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infection control
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procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel
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The formula for conversion from pounds to kilograms
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(Pounds/2) -10%
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Air embolism
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The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart
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5 stages of grief
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Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.
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What are some examples of organic brain syndrome
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Sudden illness, recent trauma, drug or alcohol intoxication, and diseases of the brain
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At what age are febrile seizures, and children
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Between six months and six years of age
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Danger zone
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An area where individuals can be exposed to toxic substances, lethal rays, or ignition or explosion of hazardous materials
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Peritonitis
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Inflammation of the peritoneum
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Oral glucose side effects
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Miscarriage
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The delivery of the fetus and placenta before 20 weeks; spontaneous abortion
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general adaption syndrome
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The body's 3-stage response to stress. 1. Stress causes the body to trigger an alarm response. 2. Reaction and resistance. 3. Recovery (or if stress is prolonged, exhaustion.)
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When can you leave the scene of the fire?
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Do not leave the scene even after the fire is out, in case a firefighter is injured during salvage an overhaul. The ambulance should leave the scene only if transporting a patient or if the incident commander has released it
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Syncope
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Fainting
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Blowout fracture
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A fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of the orbit
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Hallucinogens
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Agents that produce false perceptions in any one of the five senses
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semen
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seminal fluid ejaculated from the penis and containing sperm
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Medications that control seizures
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phenytoin, phenobarbital, or carbamazepine
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Pancreatitis
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Inflammation of the pancreas
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personal protective equipment (PPE) levels
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Measures of the amount and type of protective equipment that an individual needs to avoid injury during contact with a hazardous material.
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Hematuria
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The presence of blood in the urine
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avulsion
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An injury in which soft tissue either is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flat
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Nitroglycerin, trade names
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nitrostat; nitrobid; Nitro lingual
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Hemoptysis
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Coughing up blood
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What are the major controllable risk factors for myocardial infarction
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Cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, elevated blood glucose levels, lack of exercise, stress
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communicable disease
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Any disease that can be spread from person to person or from animal to person.
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How much blood is in the vascular system of an adult? A child? An infant?
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~6L, ~3L, ~300mL
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Seizure
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Generalized uncoordinated muscular activity associated with loss of consciousness; a convulsion
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glenohumeral joint
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Shoulder joint. The joint between the humerus and the glenoid fossa. Ball and socket joint
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manubrium
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the upper quarter of the sternum
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zygomas
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The quadrangular bones of the cheek, articulating with the frontal lobe, the maxillae, the zygomatic processes of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the sphenoid bone.
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Cross-contamination
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Occurs when a person is contaminated by an agent as a result of coming into contact with another contaminated person
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Where do anterior epistaxis usually derived from
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They originate from the area of the septum and bleed slowly. They are usually self-limiting and resolve quickly
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What is the difference between identical and fraternal twins in regards to the placenta
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Identical twins will have their umbilical cords coming from the same placenta; fraternal twins will have their own placentas
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Courts assumptions regarding rules and reports:
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1. If it wasn't written down on the report, it was not performed. 2. An incomplete or untidy report is evidence of incomplete or inexpert emergency medical care.
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thyroid cartilage
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a firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx; the Adam's apple
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DNR Orders
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"Do not resuscitate" written documentation by a physician giving permission to medical personnel not to attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest.
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hypertension
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blood pressure that is higher than the normal range
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hypoxic drive
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the "backup system" to control respiration, senses drops in oxygen level in the blood
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spinal cord
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An extension of the brain composed of virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body. It lies inside of, and is protected by, the spinal canal.
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Order of Homeland Security Advisory System Terror levels
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Red (Severe), Orange (High), Yellow (Elevated), Blue (Guarded), Green (Low)
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Blind spots
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Areas of the roads are blocked from the driver site with their own vehicle or mirrors
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Sling
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A bandage of material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity
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diverticulitis
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Bulging out the intestinal rings in small pockets of weak areas in the muscle walls, creating abdominal discomfort.
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midaxillary line
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An imaginary vertical line drawn through the middle of the axila (armpit), parallel to the midline.
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Computed tomography
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A type of scan/x-ray on which blood can be seen
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tonsil tips
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Large, semi-rigid suction tips recommended for suctioning the pharynx; also called Yankauer tips.
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
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Seen in patients with strokes or serious head injuries; irregular patterns of breathes with increasing rate and depth followed by a period of apnea, then repeated.
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What are some risk factors for suicide?
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Depression; previous suicide attempt; expressions of wanting to commit suicide or sense of hopelessness; family history of suicide; although in 40 years, quickly for singles; recent loss of a spouse or significant other family member; chronic debilitating illness or recent diagnosis with a serious disease; holidays; financial or job setback; substance abuse; token of an alcoholic parent; severe mental illness; anniversary of tragedies;
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Disinfection
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The killing of pathogenic agents by direct application of chemicals
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olecranon process
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the proximal end of the ulna, meets with the humerus
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Gastronomy tube
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A feeding tube placed directly through the wall of the abdomen; used in patients who cannot digest liquids or solids
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gel
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A semi liquid substance that administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes
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syndromic surveillance
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The monitoring, usually by local or state health department, of patients presenting to the emergency department and alternative care facilities, a recording of the EMS call volume, and the use of over-the-counter medications.
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Parts of the scene size-up
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Body substance isolation; seen safety; mechanism of injury/nature of illness; number of patients; additional resources; C-Spine immobilization
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brain stem
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The area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that are necessary for life, such as respiration.
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Psychogenic shock
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Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting
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Reduce
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Return to a dislocated joint or fractured bone to its normal position; otherwise known as setting
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What sort of things can and don't do during an emergency?
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Park or stand in an otherwise illegal location; proceed through a red traffic light or stop sign; drive faster than the posted speed limit; driving against the flow of traffic on a one-way street, or make a turn that is normally illegal; travel left of center to make an otherwise illegal pass
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How much more likely is a geriatric patient to be severely injured or fatally injured in a car crash and a younger patient?
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Five times
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After which point is it too late to transport
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Crowning
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Normal respiration rates
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12-20 Adults; 15-30 Children; 25-50 infants
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Entrapment
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To be caught within a vehicle, room, or container with no way out or to have a limb or other body part trapped
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Decompensated shock
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The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling
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Epiglottitis
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An infectious disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause upper airway obstruction
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what are the three collisions that occur in every crash
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The collision of the car against some type of object; the collision of the passenger against the interior of the car; the collision of the passenger's internal organs against the solid structures of the body
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perfusion
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The circulation of oxygenated blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs.
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salivary glands
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The glands that produce saliva to keep the mouth and pharynx moist.
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superior
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The part of the body, or any body part, nearer to the head.
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Contusion
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A bruise, or eccymosis
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radius
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the bone of the thumb side of the forearm
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oropharyngeal (oral) airway
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Airway adjunct inserted into the mouth to keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and to facilitate suctioning the airway.
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trendelenburg's position
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the position in which the body is supine with the head lower than the feet
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the three factors that you evaluate to predict potential for serious injury when using the mechanism of injury
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The amount of force applied to the body; the length of time the force was applied; in the areas of the body that are involved
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Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
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And infection control concept and practice that assumes that all bodily fluids are potentially infectious
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Contraindications
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Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate. For example, a condition in which a medication should not be given because it would not help me to harm a patient
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What is the first rule of safe driving in an emergency?
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Speed does not save lives; good care does
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US DOT
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United States Department of Transportation: sets guidelines for training required to be a certified EMS worker. Usually exceeded on the state level
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One of the six functions for prehospital report serves?
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1. Continuity of care; and 2. Legal documentation; 3. Education; 4. Administrative; 5. Essential research record; 6. Evaluation and continuous quality improvement
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Subluxation
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Similar to a dislocation except the disruption of the joint is not complete
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Rule of nine: common numbers
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Chest & back: 18 each; arms: nine each; genitals: one each
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What are the basic steps for emergency medical care of a burn
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BSI; move the patient away from the burning area/remove any clothing that is on fire; immerse the area in cool, sterile water or saline solution; provide high flow oxygen; rapidly estimate the burn severity; check for traumatic injuries or other medical conditions; treat the patient for shock; prevent further heat loss; provide prompt transport
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bilateral
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A body part that appears on both sides of the midline.
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Mucous membrane
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The lining of body cavities and passages that are in direct contact with the outside environment
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Dementia
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The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function
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Cervix
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The lower third, or neck, of the uterus
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Stridor
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A high-pitched breath sound heard mainly on inspiration that is a sign upper airway obstruction
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Standing orders
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Written documents, signed by the EM ASP system's medical director, that outlined specific directions, permissions, and sometimes prohibitions regarding patient care; also called protocols
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Characteristics of epinephrine
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Secreted naturally by the adrenal glands; LH passages of loans; contracts blood vessels, causing increased blood pressure; increases heart rate and blood pressure
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Infarcted cells
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Cells in the brain that dives result of loss of blood flow to the brain
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What percentage of deliveries are complicated by the presence of meconium
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12%
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temporomandibular joint
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The joint form where the mandible and the cranium meet, just in front of the ear
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Meconium
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A dark green material in the amniotic fluid that can indicate disease in the newborn; the meconium can be aspirated into the infant 's lungs during delivery; the baby's first bowel movement
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Compression fractures
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Stable spinal cord injuries in which often only the anterior third of the vertebra is collapsed. This type of fracture often results from minimal trauma, simply bending over, rising from a chair, or sitting down forcefully
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Offline Medical Direction
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Standing orders, training, and supervision authorized by the medical director
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Hyperventilation
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Rapid or deep breathing that lowers blood carbon dioxide levels below normal
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cricoid cartilage
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a firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx
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What is the exception to the rule of not removing an impaled object
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When the object obstructs breathing or an object in the chest that interferes with CPR
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Changes in heart during congestive heart failure?
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Heart rate increases; left ventricle enlarges
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Information officer
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He's the only person authorized to deal with the media and make statements
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Deceleration
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The slowing of an object
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parietal region
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the areas between the temporal and occiput regions of the cranium
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Name the bones of the face
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The nasal bone; zygoma, maxilla, mandible
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transmission
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the way in which an infectious agent is spread: contact, airborne, by vehicles, or by vectors
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certification
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a process in which a person, an institution or a program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards to provide safe a and ethical care.
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ulna
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The bone on the small finger side of the form; most important for LBO function
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>10 min without air
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irreversible brain damage
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Hazardous materials classification-blue
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Health hazard
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What is the age for the so-called "super geriatric"
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85
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Fetal alcohol syndrome
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A condition of infants who are born to alcoholic mothers; characterized by physical and mental retardation and a variety of congenital abnormalities
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primigravida
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A woman who is experiencing her first pregnancy
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Convection
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The loss of body heat caused by air movement (e.g. Breeze blowing across the body)
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Advance directives
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Written documentation that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient should the patient become unable to make decisions; also called living wills
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CPR board
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A device that provides a firm surface under the patient's torso
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herpes simplex
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Infections caused by human herpes viruses 1 and 2, characterized by small blisters whose locations depend on the type of virus. Type 2 results in blisters on the genital area. While type 1 blisters are non-genital.
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infectious disease
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A disease that is caused by infection, in contrast to one caused by faulty genes, metabolic or hormonal disturbances, trauma, or something else.
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Nitroglycerin contraindications
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Hypotension (less than 100 mg of mercury); the head injury; patient has already received max dosage; patient has taken Viagra within the last 24 hours; child
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Patella
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Kneecap
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Conduction
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The loss of heat by direct contact (e.g. When a body part comes into contact with a colder object)
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steps for removing gloves
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1. Pull first glove about half off. 2 using still covered fingers, pull second glove completely off. 3. grasp the inside of remaining glove and remove
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Pneumothorax
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An accumulation of air or gas in the plural cavity
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Self-contained breathing apparatus (S C B A)
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Respirator with independent air supply used by firefighters to enter toxic and otherwise dangerous atmosphere
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dorsal
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the posterior surface of the body, including the back of the hand
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Dose
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The amount of medication given on the basis of patient size and age
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Complex access
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Located entry that requires special tools and training and includes breaking windows or using other force
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Ligament
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A band of fibrous tissue that connects bones to bones, and supports and strengthens a joint
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Why isn't the exact extent of elder abuse known?
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Many patients do not report it; users are often family members who must care for older persons in addition for caring for their own spouses and children.
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in order to be valid, DNR orders must:
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1. Clearly state the patient’s medical problems. 2. Be signed by the patient or legal guardian. 3. Be signed by one or more physicians. 4. In some states, DNR have expirations. Must be date within the last 12 months to be valid.
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acromion process
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the outcropping of the scapula that meets with the clavicle in the A/C joint
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End-organ perfusion
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The status of perfusion to the vital organs of the body; determined by assessing capillary refill time
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Patients who are at high risk for hemorrhagic stroke
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Very high blood pressure or long-term elevated blood pressure that is not treated
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Shock
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A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion
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ball-and-socket joint
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a joint that allows internal and external rotation as well as bending
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SCUBA
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A system that delivers air to the mouth and lungs at the various atmospheric pressures, increasing the depth of the dive; stands for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
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Iliac arteries
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Supply blood to the grand Palace and legs
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Bleeding from an artery
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Characteristically brighter red and spurts in time with the pulse
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ischium
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one of 3 bones that fuse to for the pelvic ring
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Eccymosis
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Discoloration of the skin associated with a closed wound; bruising
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What percentage of people are allergic to the venom of bee, hornet, yellowjacket, or wasps
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I present
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Blanching
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Turning white
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Per rectum
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Through the rectum; the medication delivery route
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Glenoid fossa
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The part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint
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Structure fire
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Define a house, apartment building, office, school, plant, warehouse or other building
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Respiration
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A loss of body heat as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled
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Absence seizure
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Seizure that may be characterized by a brief lapse of attention in which the patient may stare and does not respond. Also known as petite mall seizure
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What are the eight types of shock
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Cardiogenic shock; neurogenic shock; hypovolemic shock; septic shock; anaphylactic shock; psychogenic shock; metabolic shock; respiratory insufficiency
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Name the solid organs of the body
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Liver; spleen; adrenal glands; pancreas; kidneys; ovaries; testes
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With services does an EMT serve during disentanglement
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Your input is essential so that the patient's injuries are considered as the rescue team plans a move that protect the patient from further harm
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Activated charcoal route
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Orally
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Hollow organs
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Structures through which materials pass, such as the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, ureters, and bladder
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Opioids
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Any drug or agent with actions similar to morphine
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PPE level D.
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Requires a work uniform, such as coveralls, that affords minimal protection
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Death rates for viral hemorrhagic figures
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Between 5% and 90%
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Status epilepticus
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A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes, or last more than 30 minutes.
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Polyphagia
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Excessive eating; and diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger
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Mental disorder
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An illness with psychological or behavioral symptoms and/or impairment in functioning caused a social, psychological, genetic, physical, chemical, or biological disturbance
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Sucking chest wound
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and open penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound
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DCAP-BTLS
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A mnemonic for assessment in which each area of the body is evaluated for deformities, contusions, operations, punctures/penetrations, Burns, tenderness, lacerations, and swelling.
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Factors that can contribute to local cold injuries
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Restricted circulation from tight clothing; circulatory disease; fatigue; port attrition; alcohol or drug abuse; hypothermia; diabetes; older age
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Volume of a D cylinder
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350 mL
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Parts of the focused history and physical exam for responsive patient
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History of illness; sample history; focused medical assessment based on chief complaint; baseline vitals; reevaluate transport
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What are some special reporting situations?
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Gunshot wounds, dog bites, certain infectious diseases, or suspected physical, sexual, or substance abuse. Also, mass casualty incidents
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Intramuscular injection
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Injection into a muscle; the medication delivered a
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levels of toxicity
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0. Little to no hazard - No Protection Needed. 1. Slightly hazardous - SCBA (level c). 2. Slightly hazardous - SCBA (level c). 3. Extremely hazardous - full protection, with no exposed skin (level a or b). 4-minimal exposure causes death=special hazmat gear (lvl a)
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cricothyroid membrane
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A thin sheet of fascia that connects the thyroid and cricoid cartilages that makes up the larynx.
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SAMPLE history
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A key brief history of a patient's condition to determine signs/symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, and events leading to the illness/injury.
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What is a type I basic ambulance design
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Conventional, truck cab-chassis with a modular in the body that can be transferred to a newer chassis is needed
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Autonomic nervous system
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Part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and blood pressure, digestion and sweating
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Pulmonary edema
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A buildup of fluid in the lungs usually as a result of congestive heart failure
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Emergency mode
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The use of lights and sirens
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At what age children be placed in a car seat rear facing
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Less than one year
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Things to consider when communicating with a patient whose hearing-impaired
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Have different and available; patient can read lips, you should face the patient speak slowly and distinctly; never shop; be sure to listen carefully asked for questions and give short answers; licensable phrases in sign language
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Adam's apple
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The firm prominence in the upper part of the larynx formed by the thyroid cartilage
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Where the fatality numbers associated with alcohol
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200,000 people die each year. 40% of all traffic fatalities or injuries. 67% of all murders. At 33% of all suicides.
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What is a type II basic ambulance design
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Standard van, forward-control integral cab-body ambulance
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Describe blood flow through the heart
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Oxygen poor blood comes in to the right atrium from the inferior and superior vena cava; the right atrium pumps oxygen poor blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps oxygen poor blood out the pulmonary arteries into the lungs; blood comes back from the pulmonary vein into the left atrium; the left atrium pumps blood through the mitral belt into the left ventricle; the left ventricle pumps blood out to the body through the aorta.
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Battle's sign
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Bruising behind the ear over the mastoid process that may indicate skull fracture
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fibula
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Small bone of the lower leg. Lies on the lateral side of the calf.
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What sort of abdominal organ is involved if the pain is constant
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Solid
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How far away should response vehicles the park at the scene of a cave in or trench collapse?
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At least 500 feet from the scene
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hair follicles
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the small organs in the skin that produce hair
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Phases of Emergency Patient Care
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1. Patient or bystanders recognize emergency and call 911. Initial care offered by dispatch. 2. EMT patient assessment, prehospital care, proper packaging, safe transport to hospital. 3. Continued assessment and stabilization in the hospital emergency department. 4. The patient receives the needed definitive specialized care.
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The fibula
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The outer and smaller bone of the two bones of the lower leg
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wheal
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A raise, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction
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platelets
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Tiny, disk-shaped elements that are much smaller than the cells; they are essential in the initial formation of a blood clot, the mechanism that stops bleeding.
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indirect contact
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Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object (vehicle)
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Oral glucose dose
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One tube for adult; one fourth of the tube for ages 0 to 3; half of a tube for children 4 to 8
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Activated charcoal form
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Suspension
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Phosgene
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Pulmonary agent that is a product of combustion, such as might be produced in a fire at a textile factory or house, or from metalwork or burning Freon. Feinstein is a very potent agent that has a delayed onset of symptoms, usually hours
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assault
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unlawfully placing a patient in fear of bodily harm
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Conjunctiva
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The delicate membrane that lines the eye lids and covers the exposed surface of the eye
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Ongoing assessment
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The part of the assessment process in which problems are reevaluated and responses to treatment are assessed.
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coagulate
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to form a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessel and stop the bleeding
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Common signs and symptoms of allergic reaction -- other findings
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Anxiety, a sense of impending doom; abdominal cramps; headache; itchy, watery eyes; decreased mental status
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Rule of nine: child differences
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Head: 12; legs: 16.5
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Cranium
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the skull
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How often do twins occur
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Once in every 80 births
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MARK 1
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A nerve agent antidote kit containing two auto-injector medications, atropine and 2-PAM chloride (pralidoxime chloride); also known as Nerve Agent Antidote Kit (NAAK)
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Traction
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Longitudinal force applied to a structure
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flexion
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the bending of a joint
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Partial-thickness burn
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A burn affecting the epidermis and some portion of the dermis but not the subcutaneous tissue, characterized by blisters and skin that is white to red, moist, and mottled; traditionally called a second-degree burn
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Pleural effusion
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A collection of fluid between the lung and chest walls that may compress the one
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Adam's apple
|
The firm prominence in the upper part of the larynx formed by the thyroid cartilage. It is more prominent in men than women.
|
|
Management of cold exposure
|
Remove wet clothing and keep patient derived; prevent conduction heat loss; insulate all exposed body parts; prevent convection heat loss; remove the patient from the environment
|
|
What are you checking with respiration?
|
Rate, Quality(rhythm, Effort, sound), Depth
|
|
Bourdon-gauge flowmeter
|
Not affected by gravity; used on portable units but susceptible to cold.
|
|
What is the compression rate to ventilation ratio to provide CPR infant
|
If you are alone 30:2; if two rescuers are present 15:2.
|
|
MED channels
|
VHF and UHF channels that the FCC has designated exclusively for EMS use
|
|
vertebrae
|
the 33 bones that make up the spinal column
|
|
Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD)
|
a system that assists dispatchers in selecting appropriate units to respond to a particular call for assistance and in providing callers with vital instructions until the arrival of EMS crews.
|
|
Point tenderness
|
Tenderness that is sharply located at the site of the injury, found by gently palpitating along the bone with the tip of one finger
|
|
pressure -compensated flowmeter
|
Used on bigger, fixed tanks; has a float ball within a tapered calibration tube.
|
|
Parietal peritoneum
|
A membrane that covers the abdominal cavity
|
|
bile ducts
|
ducts that convey bile between the liver and the intestine
|
|
What is the most common symptom of internal bleeding
|
Pain
|
|
central nervous system (CNS)
|
the brain and spinal cord
|
|
power lift
|
A lifting technique in which the EMT-B's back is held upright, with legs bent, and the patient is lifted when the EMT-B straightens the legs to raise the upper body and arms.
|
|
Diphtheria
|
An infectious disease in which a member informs, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx
|
|
Generalized seizure
|
Future characterized by severe twitching of all the body's muscles that may last several minutes or more; also known as a grand mal seizure
|
|
minute volume
|
the volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute; calculated by multiplying tidal volume and respiratory rate
|
|
dysarthira
|
The inability to pronounce speech clearly, often due to loss of the nerves or brain cells that control the small muscles larynx.
|
|
femur
|
the thighbone; the longest and one of the strongest bones in the body
|
|
quality control
|
The responsibility of the medical director to ensure that the appropriate medical care standards are met by the EMT-B's on each call.
|
|
topographic anatomy
|
The superficial landmarks of the body that serve as guides to the structures that lie beneath them.
|
|
heart rate (Pulse)
|
The wave of pressure that is created by the heart's contracting and forcing blood out the left ventricle and into the major arteries.
|
|
capillary vessels
|
The fine end-divisions of the arterial systems that allows contact between cells of the body tissues and the plasma and red blood cells.
|
|
Ambulance
|
A specialized vehicle for treating and transporting sick and injured patients
|
|
Antidote
|
A substance that is used to neutralize or counteract a poison
|
|
Gen. staff at a mass casualty incident
|
One officer in charge of all fire operations, one officer in charge of all rescue or hazmat operations, one officer in charge of the EMS operations, one officer in charge of all law enforcement.
|
|
Parathyroid
|
in Neck; regulates serum calcium
|
|
cyanotic
|
blue skin caused by lack of proper blood circulation
|
|
Flutter valve
|
A one-way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity did not return; formed by taping three size of an occlusive dressing to the chest wall, leaving the fourth side open as a valve
|
|
Hemorrhagic stroke
|
One of the two main types of stroke; occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain
|
|
Atriventricular (AV) node
|
Second stop of the properly working electrical pulse of the heart.
|
|
Cholesterol
|
Having material form plaque inside the walls of blood vessels, attracting flow interfering with their ability to dilate or contract
|
|
How do you time contractions
|
From the start of one contraction to the start of the next
|
|
Define RICES
|
Rest, ice, compression, elevation, splinting
|
|
ventilation
|
Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT-B.
|
|
Thrombosis
|
Clotting of the cerebral arteries that may result in interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke
|
|
epiglottis
|
A thin, leaf-shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea by prevents food or liquid from entering.
|
|
How many lung lobes are there and on which sides?
|
Right - 3; Left - 2
|
|
gallbladder
|
A sac on the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into the duodenum through the common bile duct.
|
|
hypnotic
|
A sleep-inducing effect or agent
|
|
symptoms that can help you determine whether the patient has acute abdomen
|
Local or diffuse abdominal pain, and/or tenderness; a quiet patient who's guarding the abdomen (in shock); rapid and shallow breathing; referred pain; anorexia, nausea, vomiting; tents, and often distended, abdomen; constipation or bloody diarrhea; tachycardia; hypotension; fever; rebound tenderness
|
|
Umbilical cord
|
The conduit connecting mother to infant via the placenta; contains two arteries and one vein
|
|
diaphoretic
|
characterized by profuse sweating
|
|
What is a silent heart attack?
|
A heart attack in which the usual chest pain is not present
|
|
continuous quality improvement (CQI)
|
a system of internal and external reviews and audits on all aspects of the EMS system
|
|
How can you please three patients in one ambulance?
|
Placed two yellow or red tagged patients in the back, one on the stretcher and one on the bench seat. Put a green tag it patient in the passenger seat next to the driver
|
|
Palpate
|
Examined by touch.
|
|
Insulin
|
A hormone produced by the islets of langerhans(an exocrine gland on the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter the cells of the body; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus
|
|
Lymph nodes
|
Area of the lymphatic system where infection-fighting cells are housed
|
|
What are some common opioids
|
Codeine; morphine; and heroine. Methadone
|
|
distal
|
structures that are farther from the trunk or nearer to the free end of the extremity
|
|
Achilles tendon
|
attaches to the calcaneus of the foot
|
|
stridor
|
A harsh, high-pitched Reisterstown, generally heard during inspiration, is caused by partial blockage or nearing of the upper airway
|
|
Tenting
|
A condition in which the skin does not quickly returned to its original shape after being pinched; indicates dehydration
|
|
OPQRST
|
Acronym for key terms used to assess patients symptoms: onset, provocation/pallation, quality, region/radiation, severity, and timing of pain.
|
|
surfactant
|
a chemical produced by the alveoli that help to keep the alveoli open to make diffusion more efficient,
|
|
Pelvic inflammatory disease
|
Infection of the fallopian tubes and the surrounding tissues of the pelvis
|
|
Syncope
|
Fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness
|
|
Characterize unstable angina
|
Pain in the chest of a coronary origin that occurs in response to progressively less exercise or fewer other stimuli other than those ordinarily required to produce angina. If untreated it can often lead to myocardial infarction
|
|
Hyperbaric chamber
|
A chamber, usually a small room, pressurized more than atmospheric pressure
|
|
Epistaxis
|
A nosebleed
|
|
metabolism
|
The sum of all physical and chemical processes of living organisms; the process by which energy is made available for the use of the organism.
|
|
Hematoma
|
The collection of blood in a space, tissue, or organ due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel
|
|
calcaneus
|
heel bone
|
|
Damage to what vertebrae will cause quadraparalysis?
|
C 5-6
|
|
How does the coral snake poison its victims
|
It has tiny things and injects the venom with its keep by chewing motion, leaving behind one or more puncture or scratch like wounds. It is a powerful toxin that causes paralysis of the nervous system
|
|
Aorta
|
The main artery, and it receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to tissues of the body
|
|
General steps in administering medication
|
1. Obtain an order for medical control; 2. Verify the proper medication prescription; 3. Verify the form, dose, and route of the medication; 4. Check the expiration date and condition of the medication; 5. Reassess the vital signs; 6. Document
|
|
How should you deal with the nuchal cord
|
Attempt to slip the court over the baby's head. If that does not work, quickly clamp cord and cut it before the baby is fully delivered
|
|
tuberculosis
|
A chronic bacterial disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain or kidneys.
|
|
temporal regions
|
the lateral portions on each side of the cranium
|
|
large intestine
|
The portion of the digestive tube that encircles the abdomen around the small bowel, consisting of the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. It helps regulate water and eliminate solid waste.
|
|
In a mass-casualty incident, if you are the only ambulance currently unseen, can you believe other injured patients in order to transport more critically injured patient?
|
You should never leave the scene with patients who are loaded if there are others who are sick or wounded. This would leave patients at the scene without medical care can't be considered abandonment.
|
|
Central cord syndrome
|
A form of incomplete spinal cord injury in which some of the signals from the brain to the body are not receive; results in weak or absent motor functions, which is more pronounced in the upper extremities and the lower extremities
|
|
Oral glucose tradename
|
glutose ; Insta-glucose
|
|
How should you always flush eyes
|
From the nose side of the eye toward the outside to avoid flushing material into the other I
|
|
How does a rabbit or focused physical assessment differ on children and adults?
|
You start from the feet and work towards the head
|
|
What type of intracranial hematoma is within the substance of the brain tissue itself
|
An inter-cerebral hemorrhage
|
|
Open injury
|
An injury in which there is a break in the surface of the skin or the mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination
|
|
What constitutes a premature infant
|
Any infant that delivers before eight months (36 weeks) or weighs less than 5 pounds
|
|
Focused history and physical exam
|
The part of the assessment process in which the patient's major complaints or any problems that are immediately evident are further and more specifically evaluated.
|
|
Stable spinal injury
|
A spinal injury that has a low risk of leading to permanent neurological deficit or structural deformity
|
|
priaprism
|
A continuous and painful erection of the penis caused by certain spinal injuries and some diseases.
|
|
Blown pupil
|
The eye can no longer receive commands from the brain due to pressure on the occulomotor nerve, perhaps from the pressure of intracranial bleeding. They become fully dilated and fixed.
|
|
What is the bone that juts out just behind the ear canal
|
The mastoid process
|
|
Absorption
|
The process of binding or sticking to the surface
|
|
What are some signs of decompensated shock
|
Labored or irregular respirations, ashen gray cyanotic skin, weak or absent distal pulses, dilated pupils, and profound hypotension
|
|
fire fighters carry
|
The EMT puts the patient over his own shoulder, with the split of the legs on one shoulder. The EMT the grasps the patient by the knee and wrist.
|
|
Critical incident stress debriefing (CSID)
|
A confidential peer group discussion of a severely stressful incident that usually occurs within 24-72 hours of the incident.
|
|
What is an insulator
|
Any substance that prevents an electric circuit from being completed
|
|
Gangrene
|
Permanent damage or cell death
|
|
How many bones in the spinal column
|
33
|
|
Activate charcoal interventions
|
Recheck patient; recheck vitals; record doses; advise medical control
|
|
coagulation
|
The formation of clots to plug openings and injured blood vessels and stop blood flow
|
|
Emergency Medical technician (EMT)
|
A medical professional who is trained and certified/licensed by his or her state to provide emergency life support prior to or with more advanced medical procedures.
|
|
Signs and symptoms of a serious hernia problem
|
A clear statement of a mass that was reducible can no longer be pushed back inside the body; pain at the hernia site; tenderness from the hernias palpated; red or blue, skin discoloration over the hernia
|
|
mutual aid response
|
An agreement between neighboring EMS systems to respond to mass-casualty incidents or disasters in each other's region when local resources are insufficient to handle the response.
|
|
rhonchi
|
Coarse brass have heard in patients with chronic mucus in the airways
|
|
What is hematemesis
|
Vomiting blood
|
|
Idiopathic
|
Of unknown cause
|
|
proximal
|
structures that are closer to the trunk
|
|
larynx
|
Complex arrangement of tiny bones, cartilage, muscles, and 2 vocal cords. Cannot tolerate solid material.
|
|
Compartment syndrome
|
Swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure; may cut off blood flow or damage sensitive tissue
|
|
Are the most common causes of dehydration in children
|
Vomiting and diarrhea
|
|
Cavitation
|
A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which caused damage distant from the bullet's path
|
|
First-responder vehicle
|
A special vehicle used to transport EMS equipment and personnel to the scenes of medical emergencies
|
|
Activated charcoal contraindications
|
Altered mental status; ingestion of acids are alkaline's; unable to swallow
|
|
nares
|
External openings of the nostrils. A single nostril openings called a naris
|
|
toxicity levels
|
Measures of the risk that a hazardous material poses to the health of an individual who comes into contact with it.
|
|
ligament
|
A band of the fibrous tissue that connects bones to bones. It supports and strengthens a joint.
|
|
Dirty bomb
|
Name given to a bond that is used as a radiological dispersal device
|
|
ischemic stroke
|
One of the two main types of stroke; occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel.
|
|
Order some reasons to take sympathomimetic's
|
Improve task performance; suppress appetite; prevent sleepiness; and just a feel-good.
|
|
RLQ
|
the appendix, the cecum, half the rectum, some of the large and small intestine
|
|
Brainstem
|
The part of the central nervous system that controls virtually all functions that are necessary for life, including the cardiac and respiratory systems
|
|
Myocardium
|
Heart muscle
|
|
SLUDGEM
|
Salivation-Sweating, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation-Drooling-Diarrhea, Gastric, Muscle twitching
|
|
Signs and symptoms of a heart attack
|
Sudden onset of weakness, nausea, and sweating without obvious cause; chest pain/discomfort/pressure is often? Squeezing and that does not change with each breath; pain/discomfort/pressure in the lower jaw, arms, back, abdomen, or neck; sudden arrhythmia, with syncope; shortness of breath, or dyspnea; pulmonary edema; sudden death
|
|
RUQ
|
most of the liver, the gallbladder, a bit of the stomach, large and small intestine
|
|
leukotrienes
|
Chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system and allergic reactions
|
|
Solution
|
A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand
|
|
Medication for congestive heart failure
|
furosemide (Lasix),digoxin ,amiodarone
|
|
coccyx
|
the last three or four vertebrae of the spine; the tailbone
|
|
What are some of the symptoms of delirium tremens
|
Agitation and restlessness; fever; sweating; confusion and/or disorientation; delusions and/or hallucinations; seizures
|
|
How does the pain of heart attack differ from the pain of angina?
|
It may or may not because the exertion that may occur anytime; it does not result in a few minutes; it may not be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
|
|
How long can you suction?
|
Never more than 15 sec; then follow with 2 minutes of ventilation
|
|
dependent lividity
|
blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin,
|
|
What pressures are considered hypertensive emergency
|
Over 150 systolic
|
|
Nitroglycerin actions
|
Relaxes blood vessels; decreases workload of the heart
|
|
Vasodilation
|
The widening of the blood vessel
|
|
Secondary device
|
Additional explosives used by terrorists, which are set to explode after the initial bomb
|
|
Inferior
|
The part of the body, or any body part, nearer to the feet
|
|
Over-the-counter medications
|
Medication that may be purchased directly by a patient without prescription
|
|
stridor
|
A harsh, high-pitched, crowing inspiratory sound, such as often heard in acute laryngeal (upper airway) obstruction.
|
|
Stroke
|
A loss of brain function in certain brain cells that do not get enough oxygen during the CVA. Usually caused by the structure of the blood vessels in the brain that the oxygen to those brain cells
|
|
arteriole
|
the smallest branch of an artery leading to the vast network of capillaries
|
|
synovium
|
|
|
Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
|
An infection control concept and practice that assumes that all bodily fluids are potentially infectious.
|
|
What are the steps of rescuing someone from the water, taking into account potential spinal injuries
|
Turn the patient supine; restore the airway begin ventilation; float a buoyant backboard under the patient; secure the truck and head of the backboard; remove the patient from the water on the backboard; cover the patient with a blanket
|
|
maxillae
|
the upper jawbones that assist in the formation of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the palate, and lodge the upper teeth,
|
|
Renal colic
|
Pain caused by stone passes of the kidney
|
|
Hematoma
|
A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin
|
|
Angina pectoris
|
Transient (short-lived), chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle
|
|
rehabilitation area
|
The area that provides protection and treatment to fire fighters and other personnel working at an emergency. Here, workers are medically monitored and receive any needed care as they enter and leave the scene
|
|
When are fixed-wing aircraft used?
|
For transports greater than 100 to 150 miles
|
|
How long does angina pectoris usually last?
|
3 to 8 minutes
|
|
Characteristics of an absence seizure
|
Lip smacking, I blinking, or isolated convulsions or jerking of the body.
|
|
Points of distribution (PODs)
|
Strategically placed facilities that have been pre-established for the mass distribution of antibiotics, antidotes, vaccinations, with other medications and supplies
|
|
Signs and symptoms of a drug overdose sedative-.hypnotics.
|
Slurred speech; sedation or coma; hypoventilation; hypotension
|
|
Where does posterior epistaxis originate from?
|
, To the face and skull that results in a basil skull fracture often will cause the posterior wall of the nasal cavity to become unstable. Posterior nosebleeds are usually more severe and often cause blood to drain into the patient's throat.
|
|
Lymphatic system
|
A passive circulatory system to transport a plasma-like liquid called lymph, a thin fluid that bathes the tissues of the body
|
|
What is the effective antidote to reverse the symptoms and signs of opioid overdose
|
naloxone (Narcan)
|
|
Insulin shock
|
Unconsciousness or altered mental status in a patient with diabetes, caused by significant hypoglycemia; usually the result of excessive exercise and activity or failure to eat after a routine dose of insulin.
|
|
The vagus nerve
|
|
|
jaundice
|
a yellow skin or sclera color that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction
|
|
Cushion of safety
|
Keeping a safe distance between your vehicle and other vehicles to any side of you
|
|
Epidermis
|
The outer layer of skin that acts as a watertight protective covering
|
|
Signs and symptoms for a drug overdose anticholinergics
|
Tachycardia; hyperthermia; hypertension; dilated pupils; dry skin and mucous membrane; sedation, agitation, seizures, coma, or delirium; decreased bowel sounds
|
|
ataxic respirations
|
irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern
|
|
thoracic spine
|
The 12 vertebrae that lie between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. One pair of ribs is attached to each of the thoracic vertebrae
|
|
Reflective listening
|
A technique used to gain insight into the patient's thinking, involving repeating, in the form of a question, what the patient has said
|
|
Action
|
The therapeutic effect of medication on the body
|
|
Who can declare a disaster?
|
Only an elected official
|
|
Cardiac arrest
|
A state in which the heart fails to generate an effective and detectable bloodflow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, even if muscular electrical activity continues in the heart
|
|
Heat exhaustion
|
A form of heat injury in which the body loses significant amounts of fluid and electrolytes, because of heavy sweating; also called heat prostration or heat collapse
|
|
meningitis
|
an inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; it is usually caused by a virus or bacterium
|
|
What is potential energy product of
|
Mass, force of gravity, and height
|
|
Smallpox
|
A highly contagious disease; it is most contagious when blisters began to form.
|
|
Telemetry
|
A process in which electronic signals are converted into coded, audible signals by; the signals can then be transmitted by radio or telephone to a receiver at the hospital with a decoder
|
|
navicular
|
The first bone toward the toes of the foot after the talus.
|
|
Epinephrine instructions
|
Remove the back cap; place against lateral thigh; press into leg; hold for 10 seconds to allow medication to enter the leg; dispose of them properly
|
|
voluntary activities
|
Actions we consciously perform, in which sensory input or conscious thought determine a specific muscular activity.
|
|
Bleeding from capillary vessels
|
Dark red and oozes from the wound slowly but steadily
|
|
consent
|
permission to render care
|
|
What information did the dispatcher give the responding unit?
|
The nature and severity of the injury, illness, or incident; the exact location of the incident; the number of pages; responses by other public safety agencies; special directions or advisories, such as adverse road or traffic conditions, severe weather reports, or potential seen hazards; the time at which the unit or units are dispatched
|
|
Chlorine (CL)
|
The first chemical agent ever used in warfare. It has a distinct odor of bleach, and creates a green haze releases as a gas. Initially it produces upper airway irritation and a choking sensation
|
|
What group of geriatrics has the highest suicide rate?
|
Older men
|
|
Diabetic coma
|
Unconsciousness caused by dehydration, very high blood glucose levels, and acidosis in diabetes
|
|
How do you treat a nosebleed if skull fracture is not suspected
|
Pinch post nuptials together for 15 minutes while leaning forward. If the patient is awake and has a patent airway, place gauze pad inside the upper lip against the gum
|
|
Fowler's position
|
the position in which the patient is sitting up with the knees bent
|
|
PPE level C.
|
Requires the use of non-permeable clothing and I protection. In addition, face masks that filter all inhaled outside air must be used
|
|
Occiput
|
The most posterior portion of the skull
|
|
medial cuneiform
|
after the navicular, the last full foot bone before the metatarsals
|
|
flexible stretcher
|
A stretcher that is a rigid carrying device when secured around a patient but can be folded or rolled when not in use.
|
|
Displaced fracture
|
A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another and not in an anatomical alignment
|
|
subcutaneous tissue
|
Tissue, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body.
|
|
What age does adulthood officially begin a
|
21
|
|
Hazardous material
|
Any substance that is toxic, poisonous, radioactive, flammable, or explosives and causes injury or death with exposure
|
|
Federal Communications Commission (FCC )
|
The federal agency that has jurisdiction over interstate and international telephone and telegraph services and satellite mutations, all of which may involve EMS activity
|
|
urinary bladder
|
A sac behind the pubic symphysis made of smooth muscle that collects and stores urine.
|
|
What does Apgar stand for
|
Appearance; pulse; grimace; activity; respirations
|
|
Adjustment
|
When individuals respond to a variety of situations in daily life, including stresses and strains in reasonable ways
|
|
What are the individual steps of checking the interventions during ongoing assessment
|
Ensure adequacy of oxygen delivery/artificial ventilation; ensure management bleeding; ensure adequacy of other interventions
|
|
Pericardial tamponade
|
Compression of the heart due to a buildup of blood or other fluids in the pericardial sac
|
|
Wheezing
|
A high-pitched, whistling breasts sound, usually caused by a projection of the smaller tubes of the lungs and typically heard on expiration
|
|
fire fighter's drag
|
The met ties the patients hands together and loops them around his neck. He then crawls with the patient under him
|
|
When considering the severity of a fall, what should you take into account
|
The height of the fall; the surface struck; the part of the body that hit first, followed by the path of energy displacement
|
|
Appendicitis
|
Inflammation of the appendix
|
|
Dehydration
|
A state in which fluid losses are greater than food intake into the body, leading to shock and death if untreated
|
|
Septic shock
|
Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection
|
|
Allergen
|
A substance that causes allergic reaction
|
|
Preschool-age
|
Children between 3 to 6 years of age
|
|
Skeletal muscle
|
A voluntary, striated muscle that attaches to bone and usually cross at least one joint
|
|
Febrile seizure
|
Seizure relating to a fever
|
|
Tachypnea
|
Increased respiratory rate
|
|
Abrasion
|
Loss or damage of the superficial layer of skin as a result of a body part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface
|
|
Things the eyes will do if the patient has depressed brain function
|
Fixed with no reaction to light; reversed light reactions; react sluggishly; unequal in size; unequal in size with the addition of removal of light.
|
|
What type of intracranial hematoma is outside the dura and under the skull
|
An epidural hematoma
|
|
Inhalation
|
Reading into the world; and medication delivery route
|
|
Myocardial Infarction
|
Heart attack; occurs when there is inadequate circulation of oxygen-carrying blood to the tissues of the heart.
|
|
How long does it take for compartment syndrome to develop
|
6 to 12 hours after the injury
|
|
colic
|
Acute, intermittent cramping abdominal pain
|
|
Solid organs
|
Solid masses of tissue where much of the chemical work of the body takes place
|
|
pinna
|
The external, visible part of the ear
|
|
occiput
|
The most posterior portion of the cranium.
|
|
When alterations should be made to the recovery position for stroke patient
|
The patient's head should be elevated about 6 inches to maximize drainage of secretions
|
|
biceps
|
the large muscle that covers the front of the humerus
|
|
Focused history and physical exam for a significant mechanism of injury
|
Rapid trauma assessment; baseline vitals; sample history; reevaluate transport
|
|
iliac crest
|
the rim, or wing, of the pelvic bone
|
|
What is the mnemonic poem for remembering coral snake poison is
|
Red on yellow will kill a fellow; red on black, venom will lack
|
|
anterior superior iliac spines
|
the bony prominence of the pelvis (ileum) at the front of each side of the lower abdomen just below the plane of the umbilicus
|
|
Three common errors, with an AED
|
Not having the battery charged; apply to the patient was moving or being moved; apply to respond to patient with a rapid heart rate.
|
|
digestion
|
the processing of food that nourishes the individual cells of the body
|
|
Head bobbing
|
The headless and tilts back during inspiration, and moves forward during expiration; a sign of increased work of breathing
|
|
reasons to use a oropharyngeal
|
keep the tongue from blocking the airway; make it easier to suction
|
|
Hemoptysis
|
The spitting or coughing up blood
|
|
Oral glucose route
|
Placed him upon the pressure between cheek and tongue and allow to dissolve in mouth
|
|
Dispatchers Responsibilities
|
1. Provide callers with vital instructions to deal with the emergency until EMT's arrive 2. Select appropriately resourced units to respond 3. Relay all relevant and available information to the responding crews in a timely manner.
|
|
AVPU scale
|
a method of assessing level of consciousness by determining whether the patient is awake and alert, responsive to verbal stimuli, or pain, or unresponsive; used early in the assessment.
|
|
What is the second most common cause of unintentional deaths among children in the United States
|
Drowning
|
|
temporomandibular joint
|
the joint where the mandible meets with the temporal bone of the cranium just in front of each ear
|
|
Name the bones of the cranium
|
Frontal bone; parietal bone; temporal bone; occipital bone
|
|
Oral glucose interventions
|
Recheck the patient; recheck vitals; record doses; advise medical control
|
|
backboard
|
a device that is used to provide support to a patient who is suspected of having a hip, pelvic, spinal, or lower extremity injury. Also called a spine board, trauma board, or longboard.
|
|
The three conditions that may mimic a stroke
|
Hypoglycemia; a postictal state; subdural or epidural bleeding
|
|
Define seizures with a structural cause
|
Seizures that are caused by an area of abnormality in the brain, such as a benign or cancerous tumor, an infection, or scar tissue.
|
|
prostate gland
|
A small gland that surrounds the male urethra where it emerges from the urinary bladder; it secretes a fluid that is part of the ejaculatory system.
|
|
What are the five types of open injuries
|
Abrasions, lacerations, incisions, avulsions, penetrating injuries
|
|
Asthma
|
A disease of the lungs in which muscle spasm in the small air passageways in the production of large amounts of mucus. With one of the mucus linings of the roster -- it does result in the airwave structured
|
|
What are the three questions you ask during the ongoing assessment
|
Has treatment improved the patient's condition? Has the already identified problem gotten better? Worse? What is the nature of any newly identify problems?
|
|
Organic brain syndrome
|
Temporary or permanent dysfunction of the brain, caused by a disturbance in the physical or physiological functioning of brain tissue
|
|
Percentage of patients with AMI that never reached the hospital?
|
40%
|
|
Pneumatic antishock garment
|
Inflatable device that covers the legs and abdomen; used to splint the lower extremities or pelvis or to control bleeding in the lower extremities, pelvis, or abdominal cavity
|
|
Steps of a detailed physical exam
|
Perform detailed physical exam; reassess vital signs
|
|
What are the two types of closed injuries
|
Hematomas, crushing injuries
|
|
Arteriosclerosis
|
A disease that is characterized by hardening, thickening, and calcification of the arterial walls.
|
|
nasopharynx
|
The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth, or the soft palate.
|
|
How can the rate and amount of heat loss or gain by the body be modified?
|
Increase or decrease heat production; move to an area where heat loss is decreased or increased; where insulated clothing, which helps to decrease heat loss in several ways.
|
|
One patient complained of abdominal pain which section do you palpate first and last
|
First: the section furthest from the complaint area. Last, the complaint area
|
|
Carotid arteries
|
Supply blood to the head and brain
|
|
What should you do if you have a patient who is suffering from compartment syndrome?
|
Do not move that patient or release them from their entrapment. Call and AL S unit
|
|
What is the information collected on the prehospital care report?
|
Chief complaint; level of consciousness or mental status; systolic blood pressure for patients older than three years; A. refill for patient demand and Sixers; skin color and temperature; pulse; respirations and effort; the time that the incident was reported; the time that the EMS unit was notified; a time that the EMS unit arrived at the scene; the kind of the EMS unit left the scene; time that the EMS unit arrived at the receiving facility; the time the patient was transferred
|
|
Zone of injury
|
The area of potentially damaged soft tissue, adjacent nerves, and blood vessels surrounding an injury to a bone or joint
|
|
Viral hemorrhagic fevers
|
Group of diseases that include the Ebola, Rift Valley, and yellow fever viruses among others. This group of viruses caused the blood in the body seep out from the tissues and blood vessels
|
|
What are some issues with septic shock
|
The toxins damage the vessel walls, causing them to become leaky and unable to contract well. Widespread violation of vessels, in combination with plasma lost through the injected vessel walls, results in shock.
|
|
posterior tibial artery
|
the artery just posterior to the medial malleolus; supplies blood to the foot
|
|
What are the four factors affecting exposure?
|
Physical condition; age; nutrition and hydration; environmental conditions
|
|
Traumatic asphyxia
|
A sudden increase in interthoracic pressure (often caused by a sudden, severe compression of the chest) results in a characteristic appearance, including distended nicknames, cyanosis in the face and neck, and hemorrhage into the sclera of the eye, signaling the bursting of small blood vessels. These findings suggest an underlying injury to the heart and possibly a pulmonary contusion
|
|
Epinephrine tradename
|
Adrenaline; Epipen
|
|
Star of life
|
The six-pointed Star that identifies vehicles that meet federal specifications as licensed or certified ambulances
|
|
Supine hypotensive syndrome
|
A drop in blood pressure caused when the heavy uterus of a supine patient in the third trimester of pregnancy obstructs the vena cava, decreasing blood returned to the heart
|
|
Why should the five cycles (about two minutes) of CPR be done on children before activating the EMS system
|
Because cardiopulmonary arrest in children is most often the result of respiratory failure, not a primary cardiac event
|
|
What are some common sedative-hypnotic drugs
|
Phenobarbital; diazepam; cyclobenzaprine; ethyl alcohol; isopropyl alcohol; Xanax; Valium; Rohypnol
|
|
Nuchal cord
|
An umbilical cord that is wrapped around the infant neck
|
|
Industrial uses of cyanide
|
Gold and silver mining, photography, lethal injection, and plastics processing
|
|
Vapor hazard
|
An agent that enters the body through the respiratory tract
|
|
Golden hour
|
The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock or dramatic injuries should occur. Because survival potential is best.
|
|
palmar
|
the front region of the hand
|
|
What is the progression of drowning
|
Something goes wrong; panic; inefficient breathing; decreased buoyancy; exhaustion; cardiac or respiratory arrest
|
|
Volume of a Super D cylinder
|
500mL
|
|
Chronic bronchitis
|
The rotation of the major long passages, from either infectious disease or irritants such as smoke
|
|
During congestive heart failure, with the right ventricle fails:
|
Fluid collects in the feet and legs causing them to swell
|
|
mastoid process
|
a prominent bony mass at the bass of the skull behind the ear
|
|
Defibrillate
|
To shock a fibrillating heart with specialized electrical current in an attempt to restore a normal rhythmic beat
|
|
dyspnea
|
A shortness of breath or difficult breathing
|
|
abandonment
|
unilateral termination of care by the EMT-B without the patients consent and without making provisions for transferring care to another medical professional with skills at the same level or higher
|
|
Apparent life-threatening event (ALTE)
|
An event that causes unresponsiveness, cyanosis, and at the end in an instant, then resumes breathing with stimulation
|
|
What are the three turbinates
|
Superior turbinates, middle turbinates, and inferior turbinates
|
|
Carbon dioxide retention
|
A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center and a longer response to high blood levels of carbon dioxide
|
|
apnea
|
a period of not breathing
|
|
Angioplasty
|
Mechanical cleaning of the artery
|
|
Guarding
|
Contracting the stomach muscles to minimize the pain of abdominal movement; a sign of peritonitis
|
|
Rigor mortis
|
Stiffening of the body after death
|
|
What the temperature at which crack melts
|
93°F
|
|
front cradle
|
one rescuer move, EMT carries patient in front of him while supine, with his arms under the patients knees and shoulders
|
|
Where is ethylene glycol found
|
Anti-freeze
|
|
metatarsals
|
First joint bones of the foot. Connect the main foot to the phalanges
|
|
Oral glucose
|
A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream; it is carried on the EMS unit
|
|
agonal respirations
|
slow, gasping respirations, sometimes seen in dying patients
|
|
Things that the EMS unit should tell the dispatcher
|
Any problems during the response; when you arrive at the scene; any obvious details that you see during scenes as a
|
|
Oxygen
|
A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain, especially, cannot function without oxygen
|
|
Medical director
|
The physician who authorizes or delegates to the EMT the authority to provide medical care in the field.
|
|
Gestational diabetes
|
Diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy
|
|
Dedicated line
|
A special telephone line that is used for specific point-to-point communications; also known as a hot lime
|
|
airway
|
the upper airway tract or the passage above the larynx, which includes the nose, mouth and throat
|
|
retrograde amnesia
|
the inability to remember events leading up to a head injury
|
|
Give the basic steps for treating a chemical burn
|
BSI; scrape off any dry chemicals before adding water (check to make sure the chemical is not water reactive); immediately begin to flush the burned area with large amounts of water, taking care not to contaminate an injured areas or make the patient hypothermic. Continue flooding the area with gallons of water for 15 to 20 minutes after the patient says the burning pain has stopped.
|
|
Hypothermia
|
A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C), usually as a result of prolonged exposure to cool or freezing temperatures
|
|
primary service area (PSA)
|
The designated area in which the EMS service is responsible for the provision of prehospital emergency care and transportation to the hospital.
|
|
sciatic nerve
|
The major nerve of the lower extremity controlled much of muscle function in the leg, and sensation in most of the leg and foot
|
|
Multi-gravida
|
A woman who has had previous pregnancies
|
|
Special questions it to include documentation for seizure
|
The description of the episode with bikes in the comments especially if they witnessed the patient seizing. Document the onset and duration of theater. The patient knows her express noticing an aura?
|
|
What is the classic picture of a person who is taking too much of an anticholinergic medication
|
Hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beat, and mad as a hatter
|
|
A systolic blood pressure less than BLANK with a week, rapid pulse should suggest to you the presence of hypoperfusion
|
100 mm of mercury
|
|
sclera
|
the white portion of the eye
|
|
Diabetes insipidus
|
A rare condition, also involves excessive urination, but here the missing hormone is one regulates urinary fluid reabsorption
|
|
Melena
|
Black tarry stools (contain blood)
|
|
Online Medical Control
|
Consists of directions given over the phone or radio directly from the medical director or designated physician.
|
|
Behavioral crisis
|
The point at which a person's reactions to events interfere with activities of daily living; it becomes a psychiatric emergency when it causes a major life interruption, such as an attempted suicide
|
|
Hemorrhage
|
Bleeding
|
|
Define the mnemonic "tips on the vowels"
|
TIPS AEIOU= trauma; infection; psychogenic causes; the seizure, syncope; alcohol; electrolytes; insulin; opiates; uremia
|
|
Define severe lightning injury
|
Cardiopulmonary arrest.
|
|
evisceration
|
The displacement of organs outside the body
|
|
Emphysema
|
These are the ones in which there is extreme dilation and eventual distraction of pulmonary. alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
|
|
stent
|
A metal mesh place inside the artery to keep Kerry from narrowing again.
|
|
Hazardous materials classification-yellow
|
Reactivity
|
|
Cystitis
|
Inflammation of the bladder
|
|
What are the top three leading causes of death in the United States in order?
|
Heart disease, cancer, stroke
|
|
What is a type III basic ambulance design
|
Specialty van, forward-control integral cab-body ambulance
|
|
What are some guidelines for effective radio communication?
|
1. Monitor the channel before transmitting; 2. Plan your message before pushing the transmit switch; 3. Press the push to talk button on the radio; 4. Hold the microphone to 3 inches from your mouth; 5. Another person or unit you are calling; 6. Acknowledged transmission as soon as you can; 7. Use plain English; 8. Keep your message brief; 9. Avoid voicing negative emotions; 10. When transmitting a number with two or more digits say the entire number first and then each digit separately; 11. Do not use profanity on the radio; 12. Use EMS frequencies for EM excommunications; 13. Reduce background noise as much as possible; 14. Be sure other radios in the same frequency are turned off or down
|
|
Spleen
|
Solid organ, in the ULQ. Susceptible to blunt force trauma, can lead to severe internal bleeding.
|
|
Late signs of hypoxia
|
Mental status change, weak pulse, cyanosis.
|
|
Strain
|
Stretching or tearing of the muscle; also called a muscle pull
|
|
Eclampsia
|
Seizures resulting from severe hypertension in pregnant women
|
|
Tripod position
|
An abnormal position to keep the airway open; it involves leaning forward onto two arms stretched forward
|
|
beta
|
Type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source; slightly more penetrating than alpha, and requires a layer of clothing to stop it
|
|
Define mild lightning injury
|
Loss of consciousness, amnesia, confusion, tingling, and other nonspecific signs and symptoms. Burns are usually superficial
|
|
plantar
|
the bottom of the foot
|
|
V. agent (VX)
|
One of the G agent; it is a clear, oily agent that has no odor and looked like baby oil; over 100 times more lethal than sarin and is extremely persistent
|
|
aqueous humor
|
The fluid in the front chamber of the eye; it can be replaced
|
|
What he discovered here after you submit your report?
|
Try single entity error, preferably in a different color ink, initially, and they.
|
|
Burnout
|
a condition of chronic fatigue and frustration that results from mounting stress over time
|
|
ovary
|
a female gland that produces sex hormones and ova (eggs)
|
|
Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction -- skin
|
Flushing, itching, or burning skin; especially common over the face and upper part of the chest; urticaria over large areas of the body, both internally and externally; swelling, especially the face, neck, hands, feet, and/or tongue; swelling and sinuses or pallor Aronowitz; warm, tingling feeling in the face, mouth, chest, feet, and hands
|
|
Sniffing position
|
Optimal neutral head position for the uninjured child who requires airway management
|
|
Jaundice
|
A yellow skin color that is seen in patients with liver disease or dysfunction.
|
|
What is the Halo test
|
Checking gauze to see if there is a lighter ring of fluid around the blood
|
|
Syncope
|
A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness, often caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain
|
|
What's at the bottom of the skull that allows the spinal column to pass through it
|
foramen magnum
|
|
Compensated shock
|
The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss
|
|
Things that can cause hernia
|
A congenital defect, as around in the umbilicus; a surgical wound is still the heal properly; some natural weakness in areas such as the groin
|
|
Preeclampsia
|
A condition of late pregnancy that involves headache, visual changes, and swelling of the hands and feet; also called pregnancy-induced hypertension
|
|
What are appropriate oxygen delivery devices for a child
|
The blow by technique at 6 L per minute; a nasal cannula at 1 to 6 L per minute; a non-rebreathing mask at 10 to 15 L per minute; a BVM device with supplemental oxygen attached in a flow rates at 10 to 15 L per minute
|
|
universal precautions
|
protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, or other potential exposure risks of communicable disease.
|
|
localization of pain for Aortic aneurysms
|
Low back and lower quadrants
|
|
What should you consider when deciding on transport decisions for eye injuries
|
In some situations surgery or restoration of circulation to the eye would need to be accomplished in 30 minutes or permanent blindness may result
|
|
scapula
|
the shoulder blade
|
|
PMS
|
Polls, motor fortune, sensory function
|
|
How to you choose the correct size of Oropharyngeal
|
measure from patients earlobe to the corner of their mouth on the same side of the face
|
|
LUQ
|
Most of the stomach, the spleen, about a third of the liver. Some of the large and small intestine
|
|
Type I diabetes
|
The type of diabetic disease that usually starts in childhood and requires insulin for proper treatment and control
|
|
Toxin
|
A poison or harmful substance produced by bacteria, animals, or plant.
|
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD
|
The slow process of dilation and description of the airways and alveoli , caused by chronic bronchial obstruction
|
|
Electrolytes
|
Certain salts and other chemicals that are dissolved in body fluids and cells
|
|
Ectopic pregnancy
|
A pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube
|
|
Non-displaced fracture
|
A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal anatomic position; also called a hairline fracture
|
|
torso
|
the trunk without the head or limbs
|
|
involuntary activities
|
the actions that we do not consciously control
|
|
Croup
|
Infection of the airway below the level of the vocal cords, usually caused by a virus
|
|
Activated charcoal dose
|
25 to 50 g for an adult; 12.5 to 25 g for child
|
|
PEARRL
|
Pupils Equal And Round, Regular in size, responsive to Light
|
|
fascia
|
a sheet or band of tough fibrous connective tissue lies deep under the skin and forms an outer layer for the muscles
|
|
ischemia
|
a lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients
|
|
What is the sympathetic nervous system
|
It reacts to the stress would fight-or-flight response. This response causes the pupils to dilate smooth muscles in the lungs to dilate, heart rate to increase, blood pressure to rise, and also causes the body to shunt blood to vital organs into skeletal muscle
|
|
Epinephrine
|
The medication increases heart rate and blood pressure but also ease his breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone of the bronchial tree; you may be allowed to help the patient self administer the medication
|
|
Neutron radiation
|
Type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source; neutron radiation is the fastest moving and most powerful form of radiation. Neutrons easily penetrate through lead, and require several feet of concrete to stop them
|
|
Placenta abruptio
|
A premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus
|
|
comminuted fracture
|
A fracture in which the bone is broken into more than two fragments
|
|
Epiphyseal fracture
|
A fracture that occurs in growth section of the child's bone and may lead to growth abnormalities
|
|
Aura
|
A sensation experienced heart procedure; serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur
|
|
carpometacarpal joint
|
the joint between the wrist and the metacarpal bones; the thumb joint
|
|
Acute myocardial infarction
|
Heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. Acute in this context means "new" or "happening right now."
|
|
0-1 min without air
|
cardiac irritability
|
|
What is the number one killer of children in the United States
|
Injuries
|
|
Stimulant
|
An agent that produces an excited state
|
|
Most common orientation tests
|
Person, place, time, event
|
|
dermis
|
The inner layer of the skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels.
|
|
pulse
|
The wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out the left ventricle and into the major arteries.
|
|
Neurotoxins
|
Biological agents that are the most deadly substances known to humans; they include botulinum toxin and ricin
|
|
Superficial burn
|
A burn affecting only the epidermis, characterized by skin that is red but not blistered or actually burned through; traditionally called a first-degree burn
|
|
urethra
|
the canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body
|
|
Congestive heart failure
|
A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs
|
|
Green stick fracture
|
An incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the shaft of the bone but may still cause substantial angulation; occurs in children
|
|
What are you reporting requirements
|
1. To ignore the dispatch information; 2. For that arrival at the scene; 3. Announce that you are leaving; 4. Announce your arrival at the hospital; 5. To announce that you are clear of the incident; 6. Announce your arrival back at headquarters
|
|
Sarin (G D)
|
A nerve agent that is one of the G agent; a highly volatile colorless, odorless liquid that turns from liquid to gas within seconds to minutes at room temperature.
|
|
Two- to three-word dyspnea
|
A severe breathing problem in which a patient can speak only 2 to 3 words at a time without pausing to take a breath.
|
|
Volatility
|
Term used to describe how long the chemical agent will stay on the surface before it evaporates
|
|
angle of Louis
|
A ridge on the sternum that lies at the level where the second rib is attached to the sternum; provides a constant and reliable bony landmark on the anterior chest wall.
|
|
Pack strap
|
The patient is behind the EMT facing his back. The patient has her arms over the EMT's shoulders and he is grasping her arms to lift her off her feet.
|
|
Decay
|
A natural process in which a material that is unstable it is to stabilize itself by changing its structure
|
|
What are the 10 phases of extrication?
|
Preparation; in route to the scene; a rival team is up; another control; support operations; gaining access; emergency care; and disentanglement; removal and transfer; termination
|
|
Hypoxia
|
A condition in which the body's cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen
|
|
informed consent
|
Permission for treatment given by a competent patient after the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment have been explained.
|
|
Pituitary
|
Base of skull; regulates all other endocrine glands.
|
|
testicle
|
a male genital gland that contains specialized cells that produce hormones and sperm
|
|
Anorexia
|
Lack of appetite for food
|
|
emergency move
|
A move in which the patient is dragged or pulled from a dangerous scene before initial assessment and care are provided.
|
|
tidal volume
|
the amount of air that is exchanged with each breath
|
|
HIV infection
|
Human immunodeficiency virus. The virus can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
|
|
kyphosis
|
A spinal malady that causes the back to bow out at the top.
|
|
Retractions
|
Movement in which the skin pulled in around the ribs during inspiration.
|
|
Supine hypotensive syndrome
|
Low blood pressure resulting from compression of the inferior vena cava by the weight of the pregnant uterus when the mother is supine
|
|
6-10 min without air
|
brain damage very likely
|
|
Convert
|
Act in which the public safety community generally has no prior knowledge of the time, location, or nature of the attack
|
|
Patients at the greatest risk for heat illness
|
Children; geriatric patients; patients with heart disease, COPD, diabetes, dehydration, and obesity; and those with limited mobility
|
|
recovery position
|
A side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unconscious patients without injuries who are breathing adequately.
|
|
Name the parts of the middle ear
|
The tympanic membrane, the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup
|
|
Retroperitoneal
|
Organs that live behind the peritoneum; include kidneys, ovaries and the pancreas
|
|
vasa deferentia
|
the spermatic duct of the testicles; also called the vas deferens
|
|
What is the germinal layer
|
A lower layer of the epidermis that contains pigment granules
|
|
Pneumonic plague
|
A lung infection, also known as plague pneumonia, that is the result of inhalation of plague bacteria
|
|
4-6 min without air
|
brain damage possible
|
|
pulse oximetry
|
An assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds.
|
|
Rescue team responsibilities at a hazardous scene
|
Securing and stabilizing the vehicle, providing safe interests and access to patients, extricating any patients, ensuring that patients are properly protected during excavation or other rescue activities, and providing adequate room so that patients can be removed promptly
|
|
somatic nervous system
|
The part of the nervous system that regulates our voluntary activities, such as walking, talking, and writing.
|
|
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
|
A blood vessel from the chest or leg is so directly from the aorta to a coronary artery beyond the point of the attraction.
|
|
How do you take a tick out
|
With tweezers by the head
|
|
Core temperature 90 to 95°F
|
Shivering, foot stamping; constricted blood vessels, rapid breathing; withdrawing level of consciousness
|
|
smooth muscle
|
nonstriated, involuntary muscle; it constitutes the bulk of the gastrointestinal tract and s present in nearly every organ to regulate automatic activity
|
|
Anaphylaxis
|
An unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction to foreign proteins or other substances
|
|
The most common types of poisonous snake
|
Rattlesnake, the copperhead, the cottonmouth or water moccasin , and the coral snake
|
|
Rates on Nonrebreathing mask
|
Flow: 10-15 L/Min; O2 delivery: up to 90%
|
|
atrium
|
upper chamber of the heart
|
|
Activated charcoal instructions
|
Shake well; have the patient drink; if the patient vomits, have the patient took a second dose
|
|
Frontal lobe
|
From part of the brain, controls emotion and thought
|
|
Occlusive dressing
|
Dressing made of Vaseline gauze, aluminum foil, plastic that prevents air and liquids from entering or exiting a wound
|
|
Cerebellum
|
Part of the brain coordinates body movements
|
|
contagious disease
|
an infectious disease that is capable of being spread from one person to another
|
|
What are common injuries in rear-end collisions
|
Whiplash type injuries
|
|
Domestic terrorism
|
Terrorism carried out by native citizens of the country being attacked
|
|
Anterior
|
Structure of the body; the side facing you in the standard anatomic position
|
|
Why should you always cover both eyes
|
To prevent sympathetic movement from causing more damage to the injured eye
|
|
pharynx
|
the joint passage created by the meeting of nasopharynx and the oropharynx
|
|
Depression
|
A persistent mood of sadness, despair, and discouragement; may be a symptom of many different mental and physical disorders, or it may be a disorder on its own
|
|
apex (apices)
|
the pointed extremity of a conical structure
|
|
Osteoporosis
|
A generalized bone disease, commonly associated with postmenopausal women, in which there is a reduction in the amount of bone mass leading to fractures after minimal trauma in either sex
|
|
avulsed
|
Pulled or torn away
|
|
MCI
|
mass casualty incident
|
|
Ventricle
|
One of two lower chambers of the heart. The left-center code receives blood from the left atrium and delivers blood to the aorta. The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the pulmonary artery
|
|
Grunting
|
And "uh" sound heard during excavation; reflects the child's attempt to keep the alveoli opened; a sign of increased work of breathing
|
|
Capillary refill
|
A test that evaluates distal circulatory system functioned by squeezing (blanching) the blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure
|
|
scalp
|
The thick skin covering the cranium, which usually bears hair.
|
|
Diving reflex
|
Slowing of the heart rate caused by his immersion in cold water
|
|
What are the five factors that will help you determine the severity of a burn
|
What is the depth of the burn; what is the extent of the burn; are any critical areas (face, upper airway, hands, feet, genitalia) involved; are there any pre-existing medical conditions or other injuries; if the patient younger than five years or older than 55 years
|
|
Capillary refill time
|
The amount of time that it takes for blood to return to the capillary bed after applying pressure to the skin or nail bed; indicates the status of end-organ perfusion; reliable and children younger than six years
|
|
nasopharyngeal (nasal) airway
|
airway adjunct inserted into the nostril of a conscious patient who is unable to maintain airway patency independently
|
|
orbit
|
the eye socket, made up of the maxilla and zygoma
|
|
Transient ischemic attack
|
A disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop working because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset
|
|
What is the name of the only joint in the skull
|
Temporomandibular joint
|
|
How should you deal with special situations
|
the earlier the notification of the better; asked to speak to the charge nurse or physician in charge; provide an estimate of the number of individuals who may be transported to the facility; be sure to identify any conditions the patient might have that require special meanings.
|
|
What are some considerations when documenting refusal of care?
|
She should have a family member, police officer, or bystander sign the form as a witness. If the patient refuses to sign the refusal form, have a family member, police officer, or bystander signed up for verifying that the patient refused to sign.
|
|
Nitroglycerin indications
|
Acute angina, chest pain, authorized by medical control, prescribed to patients
|
|
bronchioles
|
smaller shoots off the main bronchi
|
|
forcible restraint
|
the act of physically preventing an individual from any physical action
|
|
Decompression sickness
|
A painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly, in which gas, especially nitrogen, forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues; also called the bends
|
|
Disease vector
|
An animal that spread the disease, once infected, to another animal
|
|
quadrants
|
The way to describe the sections of the abdominal cavity.
|
|
pinna
|
The external, visible part of the ear.
|
|
supine position
|
the position of the body when lying face up
|
|
High-level disinfection
|
The killing of pathogenic agents are using potent means of disinfection
|
|
hepatitis
|
Inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function.
|
|
Disentanglement
|
The removal of a motor vehicle from around the patient
|
|
The four links in the chain of survival
|
Recognition of early warning signs in the activation of EMS; immediate bystander CPR; early defibrillation; early advanced cardiac life support
|
|
Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction -- respiratory system
|
Sneezing or an itchy, runny nose; tightness in the chest or throat; irritating, persistent drug costs; hoarseness; respirations that become rapid, labored, or noisy; wheezing and or stridor
|
|
Metered dose inhaler actions
|
Beta agonist, which dilates bronchioles; reduces airway resistance
|
|
Lumen
|
The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure
|
|
Blood glucose level at which hypoglycemia occurs
|
80 to 40 mg
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm
|
|
When is preeclampsia usually begin
|
After the 20th week of gestation
|
|
Metered dose inhaler side effects
|
Increased pulse rate; tremors; nervousness
|
|
How do you calculate kinetic energy
|
One half mass times velocity squared
|
|
negligence
|
Failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide.
|
|
Indicators that an emergency is the result of an attack
|
Type of Location, Type of Call, # of patients, victim’s statements, preincident indicators.
|
|
Bacteremia
|
The presence of bacteria in the blood, whether or not a disease process is present
|
|
jugular notch
|
Superior border of the sternum. Easily palpable
|
|
Name the parts of the external ear
|
pinna, the external auditory canal
|
|
How do anti-cholinergic agents work
|
They block the parasympathetic nerves.
|
|
transportation officer
|
The individual in charge of the transportation sector in a mass-casualty incident who assigns patients from the treatment area to awaiting ambulances in the transportation area.
|
|
Kinetic energy
|
The energy of a moving object
|
|
Thoracic cage
|
Another name for the chest where it extends from the lower end of the neck to the diaphragm
|
|
How should you treat chemical burns to the eye
|
Irrigate the eye for at least five minutes. If the burn was caused by an alkali or a strong acid, each year gave the eye continuously for 20 minutes.
|
|
Triage
|
The process of establishing treatment and transportation priorities according to severity of injury and medical need.
|
|
Breath sounds
|
An indication of air movement in the lungs, usually assessed with assessed with a stethoscope
|
|
Metered dose inhaler instructions
|
Shakeup metered dose inhaler; have patient exhale; the patient put lips on inhaler; and have patient inhale as you administered dose
|
|
Contraindications of an ETC
|
Patients with a gag reflex; children younger than 16; adults shorter than 5'; patients who have ingested a caustic substance; patients who have a known esophageal disease.
|
|
Metered dose inhaler generic name
|
Albuterol; Isoethanne
|
|
After 65 was the increase in systolic pressure per year?
|
1 mg of mercury
|
|
Poison
|
A substance whose chemical action could damage structures or impair function when introduced into the body
|
|
Where does the EMT stay during lost person search and rescue
|
You will stay at the location to which the group will bring the patient; unless the patient cannot be moved, then the group will take you to the patient
|
|
What ages is it SIDs prevalent in
|
It is the leading cause of death in infants younger than one year; most cases occur in infants younger than six months
|
|
hypotension
|
blood pressure that is lower than the normal range
|
|
Mnemonic for remembering the Cincinnati stroke scale
|
FAST = face; arms; speech; time
|
|
precedence
|
Basing current action on lessons, rules, or guidelines derived from previous similar experiences.
|
|
Cardiogenic shock
|
Shock caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure
|
|
Hyperglycemia
|
Abnormally high glucose level in the blood
|
|
Type II diabetes
|
The type of diabetic disease usually starts in later life and often can be told through diet and oral medications
|
|
Substance abuse
|
The misuse of any substance to produce some desired effect
|
|
hinge joints
|
joints that can bend and straighten but cannot rotate; the restrict movement to one plane
|
|
Order of the focused physical exam
|
Head and neck and cervical spine; chest and breath sounds; abdomen; Pelvis; extremities; posterior body
|
|
Acronym for central nervous system
|
CNS
|
|
Extrication
|
Removal of a patient from entrapment or dangerous situation or positions, such as removal from a wrecked vehicle, industrial accident, or building collapse.
|
|
Signs and symptoms of drug overdose sympathomimetic
|
Hypertension; tachycardia; dilated pupils; agitation or seizures; hyperthermia
|
|
What are the special operations sectors?
|
Staging, extrication, triage, treatment, supply, transportation, rehabilitation
|
|
cerebral edema
|
brain swelling
|
|
febrile seizures
|
Convulsions that result from sudden high fevers, particularly in children
|
|
midline
|
an imaginary vertical line drawn from the middle of the forehead through the nose and the umbilicus (naval) to the floor
|
|
spontaneous respiration
|
breathing in a patient that occurs with no assistance
|
|
Frost nip
|
The skin freezes while the deeper tissues are unaffected
|
|
"actors"
|
another name for active terrorists
|
|
Define moderate lightning injury
|
Seizures, restaurants, cardiac standstill that spontaneously resolves, and superficial burns
|
|
Central nervous system
|
The brain and spinal cord
|
|
What are the things you need to know in order to tell poison control about the nature of poisoning
|
The name of the substance; its concentration; if ingredient; the number of pills in a jar and ingested; the name of the manufacturer; the dose prescribed
|
|
Parts of the detailed physical exam
|
Perform the detailed physical exam; reassess vital signs
|
|
crepitus
|
A grating or grinding sensation of sound caused by fractured bones or joints rubbing together
|
|
Route of exposure
|
Manner by which a toxic substance enters the body
|
|
cerebellum
|
One of the three major subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the "little brain"; coordinates the various activities of the brain, particularly fine body movements.
|
|
Signs and symptoms of insect bites or stings
|
Sudden pain, swelling, local IT, and redness in light-skinned individuals usually at the site of injury
|
|
Effects of nitroglycerin
|
Relaxes the muscular walls of coronary arteries and veins; results in less blood returning to the heart; decreases blood pressure; relaxes veins throughout the body; often causes a mild headache after administration
|
|
How do you treat a nosebleed if skull fracture is suspected
|
Place a gauze pad loosely under the nose
|
|
prone position
|
The position in which the body is lying face down.
|
|
General impression
|
the overall initial impression that determines the priority for patient care; based on the patient's surroundings, the mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and the chief complaint.
|
|
cranium
|
The area of the head above the ears and eyes; the skull. The cranium contains the brain.
|
|
What is the age that after which somebody is considered geriatric?
|
65
|
|
How much power the PlayStation have
|
Often 100 W or more
|
|
What is the parasympathetic nervous system
|
Has the opposite effect of the sympathetic nervous system; causing blood vessels to dilate, slowing the heart rate, relaxing the muscle sphincters. The body also shunts blood to the organs of digestion.
|
|
articulate cartilage
|
Cartilage that covers the end of bones at joints, protecting them but allowing them to bend.
|
|
Cornea
|
The transparent tissue layer in front of the pupil and iris of the eye
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium builds up inside the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow
|
|
Simple access
|
Access is easily achieved without the use of tools of force
|
|
EMS personnel responsibility at a hazard scene
|
Assessing and providing immediate medical care, triage and assigning priority to patients, packaging patients, providing additional assessment and care as needed once patients are removed, and providing transport to the emergency department
|
|
Lacrimal glands
|
The glands that produce fluids to keep the eyes moist; also called tear glands
|
|
Base station
|
Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed place
|
|
Sterilization
|
A process, such as heating, that removes microbial contamination
|
|
Nitroglycerin side effects
|
Hypotension; headache; increased pulse rate; flushing
|
|
virulence
|
The strength or ability of a pathogen to produce a disease.
|
|
Special weapons and tactics team (SWAT)
|
A specialized law enforcement tactical unit
|
|
What are the protective measures that you can take against radioactive elements?
|
Time, distance, and shielding
|
|
Volume of an M cylinder
|
3000 mL
|
|
Initial assessment
|
The part of the assessment process that helps you to identify any immediately or potentially life-threatening conditions so that you can initiate lifesaving care.
|
|
How long after birth should a newborn infant spontaneously begin breathing
|
Within 15 to 20 seconds
|
|
Health Insurance portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
|
Federal legislation passed in 1996. Its main effect in EMS is limiting the availability of patients health care information and penalizing violations of patient privacy
|
|
Acute poisoning affects...
|
5 million children and adults each year
|
|
Coma
|
A state of unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused
|
|
Pubic symphysis
|
The firm cartilaginous joints between the two pubic bones
|
|
pubis
|
one of three bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring
|
|
what are the nature of uncontrollable risk factors for myocardial infarction
|
Older age, family history of coronary disease, being male
|
|
Safe Reaching and pulling
|
1. Put yourself on the same plane as the patient you are dragging. 2. Never extend your arms past 15" to 20". 3. Pull the patient by flexing your arms. 4. Reposition yourself 15" or so away and repeat.
|
|
Name the pulse point
|
Carotid; femoral; brachial; radial; posterior tibial; dorsalis pedis
|
|
What is another name for hypovolemic shock caused by bleeding
|
Hemorrhagic shock
|
|
Natural glycerin
|
Medication increases cardiac perfusion by causing arteries dilate; maybe love to help patients of administer the medication
|
|
xiphoid process
|
The lower tip of the sternum
|
|
Open abdominal injury
|
An injury of the abdomen caused by penetrating piercing instrument or force, in which the skin is lacerated or perforated in the cavity is opened to the atmosphere; also called penetrating injury
|
|
Closed fracture
|
A fracture in which the skin is not broken
|
|
Anthrax
|
A deadly bacteria that lays dormant in a score; the germs are released from the spore when exposed to the optimal temperature and moisture. The route of entry is inhalation, cutaneous, or gastrointestinal.
|
|
Joint
|
The place where two bones come into contact
|
|
medial
|
parts of the body that lie closer to the midline; also called inner structures
|
|
What is the average blood pressure for preeclampsia
|
140 through 150
|
|
What do you do the discover errors in your report question?
|
Dry single horizontal line through the air, initial it, and write the correct information act to it. Do not try to erase or cover the error with correction fluid.
|
|
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
|
The federal regulatory compliance agency that develops. Publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace.
|
|
bag-valve-mask (BVM) device
|
a device with a one-way valve and a face mask attached to a ventilation bag; when attached to a reservoir and connected to oxygen, delivers more the 90% supplemental oxygen
|
|
pin-indexing system
|
a system established for portable cylinders to ensure that a regulator is not connected to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas
|
|
Advanced Life Support (ALS)
|
Advanced Lifesaving procedures, some of which are now being provided by the EMT-B
|
|
jaw-thrust maneuver
|
technique to open the airway by placing the fingers behind the angle of the jaw and bringing the jaw forward; used for patients who may have a cervical spine injury
|
|
What are things the dispatcher must do during a call
|
Properly screened and assigned prior to each call; selectable or the appropriate EMS response unit; dispatching direct EMS response units to the correct location; coordinate EMS response units with other public safety services until the incident is over; provide emergency medical structures that telephone call or so that essential care may begin before the EMTs arrive.
|
|
Oral glucose contraindications
|
Unconscious; unable to swallow
|
|
Frostbite
|
Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold; frozen body parts
|
|
Leading causes of death in geriatrics
|
Heart disease, cancer, stroke, cardiopulmonary disease, respiratory illness, diabetes, trauma
|
|
What is the flow of blood in the body starting with deoxygenated blood entering the heart
|
Deoxygenated blood travels back to the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava and enters the heart of the right atrium; the right atrium pumps blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle; the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs through the right and the left pulmonary artery; the lungs oxygenate the blood; blood returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins; the left atrium pumps blood into the left ventricle through the mitral valve; the left ventricle pumps blood out to the body through the aortic valve; the aorta delivers blood to the lesser arteries; arteries move blood through arterioles, which move blood into capillaries, which drop off oxygen and nutrients to the cells while removing waste; blood then travels into the venules, and then in the veins to return to the heart through the vena cava
|
|
Spina bifida
|
A developmental defect in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges may protrude outside of the vertebrae and possibly even outside of the body, usually at the lower third of the spine in the lumbar area
|
|
Describe the electricity flow through the heart
|
The Sino atrial node begins the electric impulse. The impulse travels across the issue causing the contract. The impulses then cross over a bridge called the atrioventricular node. After a short cause electric impulse travels to both ventricles causing ventricular muscles to contract. After that atrioventricular node travels through the bundle of His through the Purkinje network.
|
|
scapulae
|
Posterior section of shoulder girdle. Overlie the thoracic wall.
|
|
Subcutaneous injection
|
Injection into the tissue between the skin and muscles; a medication delivery route
|
|
advance directive
|
Written documentation that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient should the patient become unable to make decisions; also called a living will.
|
|
What is the most common complaint of a patient is having an abdominal aortic aneurysm
|
Abdominal pain radiating through to the back with occasional flank pain
|
|
LLQ
|
the colon, half the rectum, some of the large and small intestine
|
|
Closed head injury
|
Injury in which the brain has been injured but the skin has not been broken and there is no obvious bleeding
|
|
Possible dangers at scene
|
Ongoing traffic; unstable surfaces; leaking fluids and fumes; broken utility poles and downed electrical wires; aggravated or hostile bystanders; smoke or fire; possible hazardous and toxic chemicals; crash or rescue scenes with unstable elements; such as unsecured vehicle; the violence and crime scenes
|
|
Define seizures, metabolic cause
|
Abnormal levels of certain blood chemicals, hypoglycemia, poisons, drug overdoses, or sudden withdrawal from routine heavy alcohol or sedative drug usage, or even prescribed medications.
|
|
How many Americans have some sort of mental disorder
|
One in five
|
|
Things that can cause diabetic coma
|
Patient who is not under medical treatment, takes insufficient insulin, remarkably overeat, or who is undergoing some sort of stress that may involve an infection, illness, or over exertion, fatigue, or drinking alcohol
|
|
What are the two most efficient way the body tries to cool itself
|
Sweating; and dilation of skin blood vessels, which brings blood to the skin surface to increase the rate of heat radiation
|
|
Receptive aphasia
|
A speech disorder which a person has trouble understanding speech was able to speak clearly
|
|
endocrine system
|
The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones.
|
|
oropharynx
|
A tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea.
|
|
crepitus
|
a greeting or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin to produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling
|
|
EMT-Basic (EMT-B)
|
an EMT who has training in basic life support, including automated external defibrillation, use of a definitive airway adjunct, and assisting patients with certain medications.
|
|
signs
|
objective findings that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured
|
|
Abortion
|
The delivery of the fetus and placenta before 20 weeks; miscarriage
|
|
Sellick maneuver
|
a technique that is used to prevent gastric distention in which pressure is applied to the cricoid cartilage; also referred to as cricoid pressure
|
|
Prolapse of the umbilical cord
|
A situation in which the umbilical cord comes out the vagina before the infant
|
|
Transdermal medications.
|
Medications are designed to be sort of the skin (transcutaneously)
|
|
How far away is a professional distance
|
4 to 6 feet
|
|
Per os
|
Through the mouth; and medication delivery route; same as oral
|
|
Why should you place the baby at or below the level of the vagina after birth
|
To allow blood to drain through the umbilical cord into the infant
|
|
At what age is blood pressure usually assessed?
|
Three and up
|
|
Implied consent
|
Type of consent in which a patient who is unable to give consent is given treatment under the legal assumption that he or she would want treatment.
|
|
Jump kit
|
A portable kit containing items that are used in the initial care of the patient
|
|
On which side should you place a stroke patient with paralyzation
|
On the paralyzed side
|
|
Sprain
|
A joint injury involving damage to supporting ligaments, and sometimes partial or temporary dislocation of bone ends
|
|
Lens
|
The transparent part of the eye through which the images are focused on the retina
|
|
delirium tremens
|
A severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol; characterized by restlessness, fever, sweating, disorientation, agitation, and seizures; can be fatal if untreated.
|
|
Characteristics of adequate breathing
|
A normal rate and depth; irregular pattern of inhalation and exclamation; good audible breath sounds on both sides of the test; irregular rise and fall movement on both sides of the chest; pink, warm, dry skin
|
|
Vasoconstriction
|
A narrowing of the blood vessel
|
|
At what rate per minute should chest compression be done on an infant
|
100 compressions per minute
|
|
Duplex
|
The ability to transmit and receive simultaneously
|
|
What type of venom is used by the black widow spider
|
A neurotoxin
|
|
skeleton
|
the framework that gives us our recognizable form; also designed to allow motion of the body and protection of vital organs
|
|
Epinephrine form
|
Liquid
|
|
Aneurysm
|
A swelling or enlargement of part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall
|
|
Pressure of gas in a full oxygen tank
|
~2000 psi
|
|
Various causes of altered mental status
|
Hypoglycemia; hypoxemia; intoxication; drug overdose; unrecognized head injury; brain infection; body temperature abnormalities; brain tumors; glandular abnormalities; overdoses/poisonings
|
|
Laceration
|
A jagged open wound
|
|
What is the term coined in 1870, to indicate poisoning by a class of chemicals found in rotting food
|
ptomaine poisoning
|
|
Blunt trauma
|
An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities
|
|
ulna
|
the inner bone of the forearm, on the side opposite the thumb
|
|
Edema
|
The present of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area
|
|
Dissemination
|
The means with which a terrorists will spread a disease, for example, by poisoning the water supply, or aerosolizing in the agent into the air or ventilation system of the building
|
|
Aorta
|
The main artery, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body
|
|
brachial artery
|
the major vessel in the upper extremity that supplies blood to the arm
|
|
perineum
|
The area of the skin between the vagina and anus
|
|
Acute abdomen
|
A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen, usually indicating peritonitis; immediate medical or surgical treatment is necessary.
|
|
Metered dose inhaler dose
|
One path of a handheld metered dose inhaler; the amount that medical control okayed or the patient. Dr.
|
|
Adequate Breathing signs
|
Normal rate; regular pattern; bilateral clear and equal lung sounds; regular and equal chest rise; adequate tidal volume
|
|
Thyroid
|
Neck, over larynx; regulates metabolism.
|
|
External auditory canal
|
The ear canal; leads to the tympanic membrane
|
|
Infarction
|
Death of a body tissue usually caused by interruption of blood supply
|
|
pleural space
|
The potential space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura. It is described as "potential" because under normal conditions, the lungs fill this space.
|
|
dorsalis pedis artery
|
the artery on the anterior surface of the foot between the first and second metatarsals
|
|
connecting nerves
|
nerves that connect the sensory and motor nerves I the spinal cord
|
|
Ionizing radiation
|
Energy is emitted in the form of rays, or particles
|
|
Chief complaint
|
The reason the patient called for help; also, the patient's response to general questions such as "what's wrong?" Or "what happened?"
|
|
Position of function
|
A hand position in which the wrist is slightly Dorsey flexed and all finger joints are moderately flexed
|
|
Medivac
|
Medical evacuation of the patient by helicopter
|
|
diastolic pressure
|
The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phase of the heart's cycle (diastole) when the ventricles are at rest.
|
|
Guarding
|
Involuntary muscle contractions (spasm) of the abdominal wall in an effort to protect me inflamed abdomen; a sign of peritonitis.
|
|
What are some signs of pelvic inflammatory disease
|
Yellow, greenish pus; a discharge; smelly
|
|
Crackles
|
A crackling sound caused by the flow of air through liquid in the lungs; he cited lower airway obstruction
|
|
Ectopic pregnancy
|
Means that the fertilized egg has come to light in an area outside the uterus, usually the fallopian tube. 1 to 2% of pregnancies
|
|
ventricle
|
the lower chamber of the heart
|
|
nonrebreathing mask
|
a combination mask and reservoir bag system that is the preferred way to give oxygen in the prehospital setting; delivers up to 90% inspired oxygen and prevents inhaling the exhaled gases (carbon dioxide)
|
|
bleb
|
A weak area On the surface of the lung
|
|
Emesis
|
Vomiting
|
|
Pneumatic anti-shock garment
|
Inflatable device that covers the legs and abdomen; used to splint the lower extremities or pelvis, or to control bleeding in the lower extremities, pelvis, or, abdominal cavity
|
|
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, or ASA)
|
Medication is an antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory, and potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping)
|
|
Gamma (X.-rays)
|
Type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source that is far faster and stronger than alpha and beta rays. These rays easily penetrate through the human body and require either several inches of lead or concrete to prevent penetration
|
|
symptoms
|
Subjective findings that the patient feels but that can only be identified by the patient
|
|
Eustachian tube
|
A branch of the internal auditory canal that connects the middle ear to the oropharynx
|
|
antivenin
|
A serum to counteract the effects of venom from an animal or insect
|
|
Healthy person skin is:
|
Warm, dry, and pink.
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates is impaired, usually because of lack of insulin
|
|
BP palpation method
|
Using the radial pulse and a BP cuff to get the systolic pressure. Diastolic pressure cannot be ascertained.
|
|
femoral head
|
The proximal end of the femur, articulating the acetabulum to form the hip joint.
|
|
What are some medications that people with severe allergic actions may carry
|
chlorophenarimine ;dithenhytramine (Benadryl)
|
|
What term is used interchangeably with septicemia bacteremia?
|
Sepsis
|
|
expressed consent
|
a type of consent in which a patient gives express authorization for provision of care or transport
|
|
EMT-Intermediate (EMT-I)
|
an EMT who has training in specific aspects of advanced life support, such as IV (intravenous) therapy, interpretation of cardiac rhythms and defibrillation, and orotracheal intubation.
|
|
Aneurysm
|
A swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall.
|
|
An incarcerated hernia
|
A hernia that cannot be pushed back within the body.
|
|
What are the steps of the ongoing assessment
|
Repeat the initial assessment; reassessing record vital signs: repeat your focus assessment regarding patient complaint or injuries, including questions about the patient's history; check interventions
|
|
Incident commander
|
The individual who has overall command of the scene in the field
|
|
What are three important guidelines in treating penetrating injuries of the eye
|
Never exert pressure on or manipulate the injured eye in any way; if part of the eye is exposed, gently apply a moist, sterile dressing; cover the injured eye with a protective metal eye shield, cup, or sterile dressing.
|
|
envenomation
|
The act of injecting venom
|
|
asystole
|
Complete absence of heart electrical activity
|
|
occlusion
|
Blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel
|
|
fallopian tubes
|
long, slender tube that extends from the uterus to the region of the ovary on the same side, and through which the ovum passes from ovary to uterus
|
|
factors that can influence reactions to stress
|
Action to medication; age; nutrition; guilt; past experience.
|
|
Dependent edema
|
Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure
|
|
What should you do if you encounter a child with a central IV line
|
BLS cannot transport. You must call and ALS rig
|
|
wheezing
|
A high-pitched, whistling breaths out, characteristically heard on expiration in patients with asthma or COPD
|
|
tragus
|
Small cartilaginous projection in front of the opening of the year
|
|
Purkinje Fibers
|
The electrical impulse of the hear travels from the AV Node to these.
|
|
Penetrating wound
|
An injury resulting from a sharp, pointed object
|
|
autonomic nervous system
|
the part of the nervous system that regulates functions, such as digestion and sweating, that are not controlled voluntarily
|
|
What is hemophilia
|
A disorder in which the blood is diminished ability to clot
|
|
How long can the brain and spinal cord last without perfusion
|
4 to 6 minutes
|
|
Death rate for pulmonary anthrax
|
90%
|
|
cover and concealment
|
The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier to conceal EMS personnel and protect them from projectiles.
|
|
head tilt-chin lift maneuver
|
a combination of two movements to open the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin; not used for trauma patients
|
|
What is a stellate incision
|
An irregular incision
|
|
Things that cause insulin shock
|
Taking too much insulin; taking a regular dose of insulin but have not eaten enough food; had an unusual amount of activity or vigorous exercise and use up all available glucose
|
|
Delirium
|
Changes in mental status marked by the inability to focus, think logically, and maintain attention.
|
|
Good Samaritan Laws
|
statutory provisions enacted by many states to protect citizens from liability for errors and omissions in giving good faith emergency medical care, unless there is wanton, gross or willful negligence.
|
|
mittelschmerz
|
A common lower abdominal pain often confused with appendicitis. Associated with the release of an egg from the ovary. Characteristically occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle.
|
|
What are the seven methods to control bleeding, in order
|
Direct local pressure; elevation; pressure dressing; pressure points; splinting device; pneumatic antishock garment; tourniquets
|
|
What is a conductor
|
Any substance that allows an electric current to flow through
|
|
Closed chest injury
|
An injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken, usually due to blunt trauma
|
|
Frostbite
|
Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold; frozen or partially frozen body parts.
|
|
Nitroglycerin interventions
|
Recheck patient after every dose; recheck vitals; recheck doses; advise medical control
|
|
Pulmonary embolism
|
A blood clot breaks off from a large vein and travels the blood vessels of the long, causing instruction of blood flow
|
|
Work of breathing
|
An indicator of oxygenation and ventilation. Work of breathing reflects the child's attempts to compensate for hypoxia
|
|
mediocolegal
|
a term relating to medical jurisprudence or forensic medicine,
|
|
kidneys
|
2 retroperitoneal organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine and regulate the body's salt and water content.
|
|
acetabulum
|
The depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits so snugly
|
|
tripod position
|
an upright position in which the patient leans forward onto two arms stretched forward and thrusts head and chin forward,
|
|
dislocation
|
Disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are completely displaced
|
|
nervous system
|
The system that controls virtually all activities of the body, both voluntary and involuntary.
|
|
Aphasia
|
The inability to understand or produce speech
|
|
Lewisite (L)
|
A blistering agent at the rapid onset of symptoms and produces immediate intense pain and discomfort on contact
|
|
push packs
|
Large containers used to deliver Pods by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. have a delivery time of 12 hours anywhere in the country
|
|
What are the three layers of meninges?
|
The dura matur, the arachnoid, and Pia matur
|
|
What makes up the inside of the cranium
|
80% brain; 10% blood supply; and 10% cerebrospinal fluid
|
|
EMT-Paramedic (EMT-P)
|
an EMT who has extensive training in specific aspects of advanced life support, including IV (intravenous) therapy, pharmacology, cardiac monitoring, and other advanced assessment and treatment skills.
|
|
Coup-countercoup brain injury
|
A brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side of the original impact
|
|
What is the mnemonic for remembering the phases of an ambulance call?
|
Please don't ever ask to entertain an effeminate pachyderm
|
|
Respirations exceeding BLANK are a sign of a problem in infants and children
|
60 breaths per minute
|
|
What is the choroid
|
A layer of blood vessels between the retina and the sclera at the back of the globe which nourishes the retina
|
|
Where the different places a hip fracture can occur?
|
The head, neck, proximal portion of the femur
|
|
Tabun (GA)
|
A nerve agent that is one of the G agent; is 36 times more persistent than sarin and approximately half as lethal; has a fruity smelling and is unique because the components used to manufacture the agent are easy to acquire and the agent is easy to manufacture
|
|
describe noisy breathing
|
Increase in breathing sound, including snoring, wheezing, gurgling, crowing, grunting, and stridor.
|
|
small intestine
|
The portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
|
|
barrier device
|
a protective item, such as a pocket mask with a valve, that limits exposure to a patient’s body fluids
|
|
OPQRST
|
The 16 questions: Onset, Provoking factors, Quality, Or radiation, Severity, Time.
|
|
Pressure point
|
A point where blood vessel lies near a bone; useful when direct pressure and elevation do not control bleeding
|
|
Visceral peritoneum
|
A membrane that covers the abdominal cavity organs
|
|
Weapon of mass destruction (WMD)
|
Any agent designed to bring about mass death, casualties, and/or massive damage to property and infrastructure (bridges, tunnels, airports, and seaports); also known as weapon of mass casualty
|
|
LD50
|
The amount of an agent or substance that will kill 50% of people who are exposed to this level
|
|
Incubation
|
Describes the period of time from a person being exposed to disease to the time when symptoms begin
|
|
How much fluid as the amniotic sac containing
|
500/1000 mL
|
|
enzymes
|
Protein catalysts designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions.
|
|
Another name for the brainstem
|
The reptilian brain
|
|
circulatory system
|
the complex arrangement of connected tubes, including the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, that moves blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste throughout the body.
|
|
Incontinence
|
Loss of balance blood control due to a generalized seizure
|
|
Emergency response guidebook
|
This publication with most hazardous materials. For each one, it describes the proper initial emergency action to control the scene and provide emergency medical care.
|
|
What is anemia
|
Low quantity of hemoglobin in the blood
|
|
How long can a PAS G. stay on
|
Within 24 hours it must be removed
|
|
Cellular telephone
|
A low-power portable radio that communicates through an interconnected series of repeater stations called cells
|
|
What are the three things that you look for on the Cincinnati stroke scale
|
Facial droop; arm drift; speech
|
|
Cerebrum
|
Largest part of the brain, containing about 75% of the brain's total volume
|
|
How fast can ambulance travel above the speed limit?
|
Only 10 miles an hour over the speed limit
|
|
aorta
|
The principle artery leaving the left side of the heart and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body.
|
|
What is the time and death rate for geriatric patients with hip fractures?
|
20% will die within the first 12 months
|
|
To what depths should the sternum decompressed on infant during CPR
|
1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest
|
|
Name the six bones of the face
|
Mandible; the two maxilla; the two zygoma; and the nasal bone
|
|
What are the two most common, poisonous spider bites in the states
|
Female black widow; brown recluse
|
|
Normal Heart Rates
|
Adult: 60-100 bpm; Child: 70-150 bpm; infant: 100-160 Bpm
|
|
bends
|
The common name for decompression sickness
|
|
Perfusion
|
Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cells
|
|
musculoskeletal system
|
the banes and voluntary muscles of the body
|
|
femoral artery
|
The principal artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. It supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall, external genitalia, and legs. It can be palpated in the groin area.
|
|
Oral glucose actions
|
Raises blood glucose level
|
|
Feet position when lifting
|
approx. 15" apart
|
|
Coronary artery
|
A blood vessel that carries blood and nutrients to the heart muscle
|
|
Activated charcoal indications
|
Poisoning by mouth
|
|
glenoid fossa
|
The small bowl of the scapula that meets with the humerus to form the shoulder joint.
|
|
How long before skeletal muscle demonstrates injury after inadequate perfusion
|
Two hours
|
|
Considered Medical examiner cases (Coroner):
|
1. When person is DOS. 2. When physician is unable to state the cause of death. 3. Suicide 4. Violent Death 5. Poisoning, known or suspected 6. Death from accidents 7. Suspicion of a criminal act
|
|
How long after oxygen was cut off of heart muscles begin to die
|
30 minutes
|
|
Bradycardia
|
Slow heart rate, less than 60 beats a minute
|
|
Presumptive Signs of Death:
|
1. Obvious mortal damage (decapitation). 2. Dependent Lividity. 3. Rigor Mortis. 4. Putrefecation
|
|
What are some well known sympathomimetics
|
Amphetamine; methamphetamine; caffeine by: ecstasy; Eve; cocaine
|
|
pathogen
|
A microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host.
|
|
Aspirin poisoning symptoms
|
Nausea, vomiting, hyperventilation, and ringing ears. Patients may feel anxious, confused, tachypneic hyperthermia, and in danger of having seizures
|
|
Systolic BP ranges
|
Adults: 90-140; Children: 80-110; infants: 50-95
|
|
How long for Capillary Refill?
|
<2 sec
|
|
Crowning
|
The appearance of the infant head at the vagina opening during labor
|
|
sweat glands
|
the glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin
|
|
Technical rescue group
|
A team of individuals from one of more departments in the region who are trained and on-call for certain types of technical rescue
|
|
Paradoxical motion
|
To have the motion of the chest wall section that is detached in a flail chest; the motion is exactly the opposite of normal motion during breathing (i.e., in during inhalation, out during exhalation).
|
|
Tracheostomy tube
|
A tube inserted into the trachea in children who cannot breathe on their own; passes through connect directly to the major airway
|
|
Nature of illness (NOI )
|
The general type of illness of patients experiencing.
|
|
The veins
|
The blood vessels that carry blood from the tissues to the heart
|
|
occiput
|
The back of the head
|
|
turgor
|
The ability of the skin to resist the deformation; tested by gently pinching skin on the four head or back of the hand
|
|
What is the most common airway obstruction?
|
the tongue
|
|
Technical risky situation
|
He rescued that require specialized technical skills and equipment in one of many specialist rescue areas, such as technical rope rescue, Cave rescue, and dive rescue.
|
|
appendix
|
A small tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen.
|
|
Cyanide
|
Agent that affects the body's ability to use oxygen. It is a colorless gas that has an odor similar to almonds. Effect begin on the cellular level and are very rapidly seen the organ system level
|
|
competent
|
able to make rational decisions about personal well-being
|
|
rapid extrication technique
|
A technique to move a patient from a sitting position inside a vehicle to a supine on a backboard in less than 1 minute when the conditions do not allow for standard immobilization.
|
|
Allergic reaction
|
The bodies exaggerated immune response to an internal or service agent
|
|
voluntary muscle
|
muscle that is under the direct control of the brain and can be constricted and relaxes at will; skeletal, striated muscle
|
|
At what age should pediatric pads be used on an AED
|
1 to 8 years of age
|
|
botulinum
|
Produced by bacteria, This is a very potent neurotoxin. When introduced into the body, this neurotoxin affects the nervous system's ability to function and causes botulism
|
|
Pneumonia
|
Infectious disease of the lungs that damages lung tissue
|
|
What are other names for kyphosis?
|
Humpback, hunchback, or pott curvature
|
|
Placenta
|
The tissue attached to the uterine wall that nourishes the fetus through the umbilical cord
|
|
DUMBELS
|
Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bradycardia-bronchospasm, Emesis, Lacrimation, Seizures-Salivation-Sweating
|
|
Arterioles
|
The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries
|
|
Contraindications for oropharyngeal airway use
|
conscious patient; any patient with an intact gag reflex
|
|
The Upper airway
|
Nasal air passage, nasopharynx; mouth, oropharynx; pharynx; epiglottis
|
|
sphincters
|
Circular muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, to, or opening
|
|
Iris
|
The muscles and surrounding tissue behind the cornea to dilate and constrict the people, regulating the amount of light that enters the eye; pigment in this tissue gives the eye its color
|
|
treatment officer
|
The individual in charge of the incident command triage sector who directs the sorting patient triage categories in a mass casualty incident
|
|
How long can a honey bee sting or inject venom
|
20 minutes after the bee has flown away
|
|
bradycardia
|
slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm
|
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
A form of bacterial meningitis characterized by rapid onset of symptoms, often leading to shock and death.
|
|
Epinephrine side effects
|
Increased heart rate; pallor; dizziness; chest pain; headache; nausea or vomiting; excitability; anxiety
|
|
Pharmacology
|
The study of the properties and effects of medications
|
|
red blood cells
|
Cells that carry oxygen to the body's tissues. Also called erythrocytes.
|
|
Nitroglycerin dose
|
.4 mg; 1/150 of the grain; every 3 to 5 minutes based on blood pressure; max dose is three in 15 minutes
|
|
Worsen trade names for opioids that can be prescribed
|
Demerol; Percocet; OxyContin; Vicodin
|
|
Ricin
|
Neurotoxin toxin derived from -- that is left from the castor bean; causes pulmonary edema and respiratory and circulatory failure, leading to death
|
|
Birth canal
|
The vagina and cervix
|
|
inhalation
|
the active, muscular part of breathing that draws air into the airway and lungs
|
|
potential reasons for a decrease in BP
|
lose of blood or its fluid component; loss of vascular tone and sufficient arterial constriction to maintain the needed pressure even without actual fluid or blood loss; cardiac pumping issue
|
|
Compensated shock
|
The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss
|
|
Metered dose inhaler indications
|
Patient exhibit signs or symptoms of respiratory emergencies; patient has a doctor's prescription for a hand-held inhaler; medical control gives the okay
|
|
adduction
|
motion of a limb toward the midline
|
|
One of the actual name for the marijuana plant
|
Cannabis sativa
|
|
Metered dose inhaler
|
Miniature spray canisters through which droplets or particles of medication may be inhaled
|
|
xiphoid process
|
the narrow, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum
|
|
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
|
A condition in which the walls of the aorta in the abdomen weekend and blood leaks into the layers of the vessel, causing it to bulge
|
|
ecchymosis
|
Bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin
|
|
Click the close level at which DKA occurs
|
400 800 mg
|
|
eccymosis
|
Discoloration associated with a closed wound; signifies bleeding
|
|
What are histamines and leukotrienes
|
Chemicals released by the immune system
|
|
Radiation
|
The transfer of heat to colder objects in the environment by radiant energy, for example, heat gained from a fire
|
|
Dependent lividity
|
Pooling of blood in the lower parts of the body after death
|
|
Describe botulism
|
An often fatal disease usually results from eating improperly canned food. Symptoms of Bob chose him our neural logic: blurring of vision, weakness, difficulty in speaking and breathing.
|
|
blood pressure
|
The pressure that the blood exerts against the wall of the arteries as it passes through them.
|
|
somatic nervous system
|
The part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which there is voluntary control.
|
|
What are the things that you check for on the extremities
|
Pulse, motor function, sensory function
|
|
Tendon
|
A tough, rope like chord of fibrous tissue that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone
|
|
PPE level B.
|
Requires non-encapsulated protective clothing or clothing that is designed to protect a particular hazard. Usually, this clothing is made of a material that will let only limited amounts of moisture and vapor passed through. He also requires breathing devices that contain their own air supply, such as SCBA, and thy protection
|
|
localization of pain-pubic inflammation
|
Both lower quadrants
|
|
myocardium
|
the heart muscle
|
|
What percentage of the population is affected by diabetes
|
6%
|
|
Shunt
|
A tube that diverts Excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to the abdomen
|
|
thoracic cavity
|
the chest or rib cage
|
|
Immersion foot
|
Also called trench foot; occurs after prolonged exposure to cold water.
|
|
Repeater
|
A special base station radio that receives messages and signals on one frequency, and then automatically retransmits them a second frequency
|
|
Bones of the Skull
|
Parietal, frontal, sphenoid, nasal, ethmoid, maxillae, mandible, Vomer, middle and inferior nasal concha, zygomatic, lacrimal, temporal, palatine, occipital
|
|
Levels of Ricin that can kill an adult
|
1 to 3 mg
|
|
infection
|
The abnormal invasion of a host or host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, with or without signs or symptoms of disease.
|
|
Acidosis
|
A pathologic condition resulting from the accumulation of acid in the body
|
|
How long could it take for symptoms of botulism to present
|
May develop as long as four days after ingestion, or as early as the first 24 hours
|
|
Toxins
|
A poison or harmful substance
|
|
Suction for a fixed suctioning unit
|
300 mm HG
|
|
direct contact
|
exposures or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact
|
|
Weaponization
|
The creation of a weapon from a biological agent generally found in nature and that causes disease; the agent is cultivated, synthesized, and/or mutated to maximize their target populations exposure to the germ
|
|
Apgar score
|
A scoring system for assessing the status of a newborn that assigned a number value to each of five areas of assessment
|
|
Potential energy
|
The product of mass, gravity, and height, which is converted into kinetic energy and results in injury, such as from a fall
|
|
NHTSA
|
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
|
|
Decontamination
|
The process of removing or neutralizing and properly disposing of hazardous materials from equipment, patient, and rescue personnel
|
|
How to protect yourself if the patient refuses treatment:
|
Document everything and inform Medical Control right away.
|
|
0-4 min without air
|
brain damage not likely
|
|
diaphragm
|
A muscular dome that forms the under surface of the thorax, separating the chest from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm (and the chest wall muscles) brings air into the lungs. Relaxation allows air to be expelled from the lungs
|
|
avpu
|
a method of assessing a patient's level of consciousness by determining whether a patient is awake and alert, responsive to verbal stimulus or pain, or unresponsive; used principally in the initial assessment.
|
|
Diabetic ketoacidosis
|
A form of acidosis in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate with insulin is not available
|
|
What are sebaceous glands
|
Glands in the dermis that produce sebum; the oily material that waterproofs the skin and keeps it simple
|
|
The questions that you ask a patient that has been poisoned
|
1. What substance did you take? 2. When did you take it (or become exposed to it)? 3. How much did you ingest? 4 What actions have been taken? 5. How much do you weigh?
|
|
systole
|
the contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially of the ventricles
|
|
The mnemonic to remember safety guidelines for behavioral emergency
|
MJ has sad fits
|
|
Addiction
|
A state of overwhelming obsession or physical need to continue use of the drug or agent
|
|
pleura
|
The serous membrane covering the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity, completely enclosing a potential space known as the pleural space.
|
|
Rule of nine: adult differences
|
Head: 9; legs: 18 each
|
|
Intra-osseous
|
Into the bone; and medication delivery route
|
|
Suspension
|
A mixture of ground particles are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve
|
|
Air ambulances
|
Fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters that have been modified for medical care; used to evacuate and transport patients with life-threatening injuries to treatment facilities
|
|
esophagus
|
A collapsible tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach; contractions of the muscle wall of the esophagus propel food and liquids through it to the stomach.
|
|
pubic symphysis
|
a hard bony prominence that is found in the midline in the lowermost portion of the abdomen
|
|
first responder
|
The first trained individual, such as a police officer, fire fighter, lifeguard, or other rescuer, to arrive at the scene of an emergency to provide initial medical assistance.
|
|
labored breathing
|
Breathing that requires visibly increased effort; characterized by grunting, stridor, and use of accessory muscles.
|
|
Rapport
|
A trusting relationship that you build with your patient
|
|
Oral glucose indications
|
Hypoglycemia; authorized by the medical control
|
|
Metered dose inhaler form
|
Suspension
|
|
gag reflex
|
a normal reflex mechanism that causes retching; activated by touching the soft palate or the back of the throat
|
|
What sorts of patients are prone to hypothermia?
|
Patients with injuries or illness, such as burns, shock, head injury, stroke, generalized infection, injuries to the spinal cord, diabetes, and hypoglycemia
|
|
The three meninges
|
Pia, dura, arachnid
|
|
Scene size-up
|
A quick assessment of the scene and the surroundings made to provide information about its safety and the mechanism of injury or nature of illness, before you enter and begin patient care.
|
|
diastole
|
The relaxation or period of relaxation, of the heart, especially on the ventricles.
|
|
Occlusive dressing
|
A dressing made of Vaseline gauze, aluminum foil, plastic that prevents air and liquid from entering or exiting the wound
|
|
Vitreous humor
|
The fluid in the back chamber of the eye; it cannot be replaced
|
|
What is the good news about acetaminophen regarding overdose
|
Acetaminophen is not generally very toxic. A healthy patient could ingest hundred 140 mg of acetaminophen for every kilogram of body weight without serious adverse effects
|
|
Parts of the ongoing assessment
|
Repeat initial assessment; reassessed and record vital signs; repeat focused assessment; check interventions
|
|
humerus
|
The supporting bone of the upper arm joints with the scapula to form the shoulder joint and with the ulnar and radius to form the elbow joint
|
|
Unstable spinal injury
|
A spinal injury that has a high risk of permanent neurological deficit or structural deformity
|
|
The five categories of general allergens
|
Insect bites and stings; medications; plants; food; chemicals
|
|
mutagen
|
Substance that mutates, damages, and changes the structures of DNA in the body's cells.
|
|
anterior
|
The front surface of the body.
|
|
What are the three stages of labor
|
Dilation (begins with the onset of contractions and ends when the cervix is fully dilated); expulsion of the baby (begins when the cervix is fully dilated and ends when the infant is born); delivery of the placenta (begins with the birth of the infant and ends with the delivery of the placenta)
|
|
lateral
|
Parts of the body that lie farther from the midline. Also called out structures
|
|
High priority patients that should be transported immediately
|
Difficulty breathing; poor general impression; unresponsive with no gag or cough reflexes; severe chest pain, especially when the systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mg of mercury; pale skin, or other signs of poor perfusion complicated childbirth; uncontrolled bleeding; responsive but unable to follow commands; severe pain in any area of the body are going inability to move any part of the body
|
|
Epinephrine
|
A substance produced by the body, and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increased pulse rate and blood pressure; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction
|
|
What are some things to find out when treating a gunshot wound
|
The speed of the bullet; the location of the entrance and exit wounds
|
|
carina
|
Ending of the trachea, beginning of the divide that leads into the lungs.
|
|
Perfusion
|
Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cell's current needs
|
|
meninges
|
Three distinct layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord within the skull and the spinal canal.
|
|
Prescription medications
|
Vacations are treated patients only by pharmacists according to physicians orders
|
|
Scapula
|
Shoulder blade
|
|
Hypoglycemia
|
An abnormally low blood glucose level
|
|
Limb presentation
|
A delivery in which the presenting part is a single arm, leg, or foot
|
|
emergency medical care
|
immediate care or treatment
|
|
What is considered an average blood loss during delivery
|
500 to 700 cc
|
|
What is the antidote for acute benzodiazepine overdose
|
flumazenil; given intravenously
|
|
One of the bacteria that causes botulism
|
Clostridium
|
|
The Lower Airway
|
Larynx, trachea, main bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
|
|
What are Newton's three laws of motion
|
First: an object at rest tends to stay at rest objects in motion tend to stay in motion unless acted upon by some force. Second: force equals mass times acceleration; in which acceleration is the change in velocity that occurs over time. Third: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
|
|
Character a stable angina
|
Pain in the chest of a coronary organ that is relieved by things that normally relieve it in a given patient, such as resting or taking nitroglycerin
|
|
Nasal flaring
|
Flaring out of the nostrils, indicating that there is an airway obstruction.
|
|
Mnemonic SLUDGE
|
Salvation; lacrimation; urination; defecation; G.I. irritation; EYE construction/emesis
|
|
Conditions associated with Hypoxia
|
Heart attack; pulmonary edema; acute narcotic or sedative overdose; inhalation of smoke/toxic fumes; Stroke; Shock; COPD; Asthma; premature birth
|
|
lumbar vertebrae
|
vertebrae of the lumbar spine
|
|
Seat belts-type fractures
|
Fractures that involved flexion, with the distraction component (energy being disbursed in two opposite directions) that causes a fracture through the entire vertebral body and bony arch; typically results from ejection or occurs in those wearing only a lap belt without a shoulder harness
|
|
Above what value should pulse oximeter values be maintained
|
95%
|
|
What are opioids made from
|
Opium and poppy seeds
|
|
medical control
|
Physician instructions that are given directly by radio or cell phone (online/direct) or indirectly by protocol/guidelines (offline/indirect), as authorized by the medical director of the service program.
|
|
What are some signs of compensated shock
|
Pale, cool, moist skin; increased respiratory rate; nausea and vomiting; increased thirst.
|
|
flex
|
to bend
|
|
Pediatric resuscitation tape measure
|
Tape used to estimate an infant or child weight on the basis of length; appropriate drug doses and equipment sizes are listed on the tape
|
|
How low to change out an oxygen tank
|
~500 psi
|
|
Phosgene oxime (CX)
|
A blistering agent that has a rapid onset of symptoms and produces immediate intense pain and discomfort on contact
|
|
Percent that survival diminishes per minute defibrillation?
|
10%
|
|
Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction -- circulatory system
|
Decrease in blood pressure as the blood vessels dilate; increasing pulse rate; no skin in business as the vascular system fails; loss of consciousness and coma
|
|
Contusion
|
A bruise without a break in the skin
|
|
What dosage of aspirin you give during heart issues?
|
Between 162 and 324 mg
|
|
Which three poisonous snakes are pit viper's
|
Rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths
|
|
ventral
|
the anterior surface of the body
|
|
Aneurysms
|
Swelling or enlargement of part of an artery, resulting from weakness of the arterial wall.
|
|
interior
|
The part of the body, or any body part, nearer to the feet.
|
|
joint capsule
|
the fibrous sac that encloses a joint
|
|
Superior
|
Part of the body, or anybody parked near to the head
|
|
10 phases of extrication
|
preparation, en route to scene, arrival and scene size-up, hazard control, support ops, gaining access, emergency care, disentanglement, removal and transfer, termination
|
|
SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)
|
Potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flu-like symptoms.
|
|
When should you check Apgar scores
|
One minute and five minutes after birth
|
|
Rates on BVM device with respirator
|
15 L/min-flush; O2 delivery: nearly 100%
|
|
What percentage of geriatric patients have a silent heart attack
|
As many as a third
|
|
Nasopharyngeal airway use
|
Use on a patient with an intact gag reflex, altered mental status, or seizure.
|
|
striated muscle
|
Muscle that has characteristic stripes, or striations, under the microscope; voluntary or skeletal, muscle.
|
|
localization of pain-Cystitis
|
Lower mid abdomen-retro pubic
|
|
Adolescents
|
Children between 12 to 18 years of age
|
|
spondylosis
|
A spinal malady that causes the top of the spine to cave in, giving a hunched over appearance.
|
|
What is epistaxis
|
Nosebleeds
|
|
ulnar artery
|
one of the major arteries of the forearm; it can be palpated at the wrist on the ulnar side(at the base of the 5th finger)
|
|
Decontaminate
|
Removed or neutralize radiation, chemical, or other hazardous material from clothing, equipment, vehicles, and personnel
|
|
radial artery
|
The major artery of the forearm; it is palpable at the wrist on the thumb side.
|
|
nasal cannula
|
an oxygen-delivery device in which oxygen flows through 2 small, tube-like prongs that fit into the patient's nostrils; delivers 24%-44$ supplemental oxygen, depending on the flow rate.
|
|
What is the relation of speed and mass when considering the damage done by a moving object
|
If the mass of the bullet is doubled, the energy that is available to cause injury is doubled. If the speed (velocity) of the bullet is doubled, the energy that is available to cause injury is quadrupled
|
|
What are the six components of an oral report?
|
1. The patient's name and chief complaint nature of illness or mechanism of injury; 2. More detailed information of what you gave me a radio report; 3. Any important history that has not been given already; 4. The patient's response to treatment given and route; 5. The biosynthesis during transport and after the radio report; 6. Any other information that you may have gathered that was not important to report sooner
|
|
Signs and symptoms for drug overdose with opioid
|
Hypo ventilation or respiratory arrest; pinpoint pupils; sedation or,; hypotension
|
|
Coup-countercoup brain injury
|
A brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side of the original impact
|
|
Pericardium
|
The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart
|
|
You people should always be used to restrain a patient
|
4
|
|
Dehydration
|
Loss of water from tissues of the body
|
|
Homeostasis
|
A balance of all systems of the body
|
|
motor nerves
|
Nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body
|
|
conjunctiva
|
The delicate membrane that lines the eye lids and covers the exposed surface of the eye
|
|
Glucose
|
One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, along with auction, for cellular metabolism
|
|
Functional disorder
|
A disorder in which there is no known physiological reason for the abnormal functioning of an organ or organs system
|
|
palpation
|
feeling parts of the body with the fingers
|
|
Activated charcoal
|
An oral medication that binds to and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses. Charcoal is ground into a very fine powder that provide the greatest possible surface area for binding medications been taken by mouth; it is carried on the EMS unit
|
|
talus
|
the first bone of the foot structure; meets with the medial malleolus of the tibia, the calcaneus, and the navicular
|
|
Scope of Practice
|
Most commonly defined by state law, outlines the care that an EMT is able to provide the patient.
|
|
Oral glucose form
|
Gel
|
|
sever airway obstruction
|
Occurs when a foreign body completely obstructs the patient’s airway. Patients cannot breath, talk, or cough.
|
|
retroperitoneal
|
behind the abdominal cavity
|
|
Avg. Tidal Volume for a man
|
500 mL
|
|
A berry aneurysm
|
Tiny balloon that jut out from the artery
|
|
Orientation
|
The mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person (name), place (see current location), time (see), and event (what happened).
|
|
rales
|
Crackling, rattling, breath sound signals fluid in the air spaces of lungs; also called crackles.
|
|
patent
|
open, clear of obstruction
|
|
Contamination
|
The presence of infected organisms or foreign bodies such as dirt, gravel, or metal
|
|
articular cartilage
|
A pearly layer of specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the ends) of bones & synovial joints
|
|
Globe
|
The eyeball
|
|
Why is the tongue in children at higher risk of airway obstruction than an adult
|
The tongue is large relative to other structures
|
|
Penetrating trauma
|
Injury caused by objects, such as knives and bullets, that pierce the surface of the body and damage internal tissues and organs
|
|
What type of intracranial hematoma is beneath the dura but outside the brain
|
A subdural hematoma
|
|
mass-casualty incident
|
an emergency situation involving three or more patients of that can place great demand on the equipment or personnel of the EMS system or has the potential to produce multiple casualties
|
|
Core temperature 89° to 92°F
|
Lots of ordination, muscle stiffness; slowing respirations, slow pulse; confused, lethargic, sleepy level of consciousness
|
|
tachycardia
|
rapid heart rhythm, more than 100 bpm
|
|
How much of the nose is formed of bone?
|
The proximal third
|
|
retractions
|
movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration
|
|
What is the best method for determining breathing child?
|
In infants test or belly breathing is considered adequate. In older children, chest rise and fall
|
|
Signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis
|
Vomiting, abdominal pain, and kussmaul respirations
|
|
Retroperitoneal space
|
The space between the abdominal cavity and the posterior abdominal wall, containing the kidneys, certain large vessels, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract
|
|
Burn
|
An injury in which the soft tissue receives more energy than it can absorb without injury from thermal heat, frictional heat, toxic chemicals, electricity, or nuclear radiation
|
|
Bloody show
|
A small amount of blood at the vagina that appears at the beginning of labor and may include a plug of pink-tinged mucus that is discharged when the cervix begins to dilate
|
|
foramen Magnum
|
The large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord
|
|
How much blood me a hematoma contain
|
More than a leader
|
|
formula for duration of flow on a tank:
|
(gauge pressure in psi-the safe residual pressure)xConstant/flow rate in L/min = duration of flow in minutes
|
|
sebaceous glands
|
Glands that produce an oily substance called sebum, which discharges along the shafts of the hairs.
|
|
ileus
|
Paralysis of the bowel, arising from any one of several causes; stop contractions that move material through the intestine
|
|
What type of marine animal is responsible for more envenomations than any other
|
coelenterates: fire coral, Portuguese man-of-war, see wasp, sea nettles, true jellyfish, sea anemones, true coral, and soft coral
|
|
Access
|
The ability to gain entry to an enclosed area and reach the patient
|
|
compliance
|
the ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation
|
|
Indications
|
Therapeutic uses for specific medication
|
|
Rabid
|
Describes an animal that is infected with rabies
|
|
What are contraindications for using a PASG
|
Pregnancy; pulmonary edema; acute heart failure; penetrating chest injuries; groin injuries; major head injuries; a transport time of less than 30 minutes
|
|
incident command system
|
an organizational system to help control, direct, and coordinate emergency responders and resources; also known as an incident management system (IMS)
|
|
epidermis
|
The outer layer of skin, which is made up of cells that are sealed together to form a watertight protective covering for the body.
|
|
What is submarining the seatbelt
|
When the person's body goes under the shoulder restraint when the lap portion is not attached
|
|
Cataracts
|
Clouding of the lens of the eye or its surrounding transparent membranes
|
|
The body will not tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than...
|
20% of blood volume
|
|
Radioactive material
|
Any material that emits radiation
|
|
Adrenal Gland
|
Location: Kidneys. Regulates Salt, sugar, and sexual function. Produces Adrenaline (epinephrine, etc.)
|
|
Subcutaneous emphysema
|
A characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues
|
|
Tachycardia
|
Rapid heart rhythm, more than 100 beats per minute
|
|
Tourniquet
|
The bleeding control method of last resort that includes arterial flow; used only when all other methods have failed in the patient's life is in danger
|
|
Cellular key
|
Insulin: you need to allow glucose into individual body cells
|
|
Scanner
|
A radio receiver that searches or scans across several frequencies and until the message is completed; the process is then repeated
|
|
Phrenic nerves
|
The nerves that supply the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord C-3, C-4, and C5
|
|
COPD
|
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
|
|
incident commander
|
the individual who has the overall command of the scene in the field
|
|
What questions should you ask a pregnant woman who has called for emergency care
|
How long have you been pregnant; when are you two; is this your first baby; are you having contractions and how far apart are they and how long do they last; if you feel as though you have to strain or move your bowels; have you had any spotting or bleeding; is your water broken; for any of your previous children delivered by cesarean; have you had a complicated pregnancy in the past; do you use drugs, drink alcohol, or take any medications; is there any possibility that this is a multiple birth; does your doctor expect any complications
|
|
Mastoid process
|
A prominent bony mass at the base of the skull about 1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear
|
|
Multilumen airways
|
Advances airway devices, such as the ETC, and the pharyngeotracheal lumen airway, that have multiple tubes to aid in ventilation and will work whether placed in the trachea or the esophagus.
|
|
How much of the eyeball is protected by the orbit
|
80%
|
|
laryngospasm
|
A severe constriction of the larynx and vocal cords
|
|
Air embolism
|
Air bubbles in the blood vessels
|
|
Hydroplaning
|
A condition in which the tires of a vehicle could lift it off the road surface as water "piles up" under them, making the vehicle feel as though it is floating
|
|
Heatstroke
|
A life-threatening condition of severe hyperthermia caused by exposure to excessive natural or artificial heat, marked by warm, dry skin; severely altered mental status; and often irreversible coma
|
|
exhalation
|
the passive part of the breathing process in which the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax, forcing air out of the lungs
|
|
Neonatal
|
The first month after birth
|
|
pleuritic chest pain
|
Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura
|
|
Decompensated shock
|
The late stage of shock, when blood pressure is falling
|
|
posterior
|
The back surface of the body; the side away from you in standard anatomic position.
|
|
Where are the great vessels of the bodies located
|
The mediastinum
|
|
apnea
|
Absence of breathing
|
|
Sudden infant death syndrome
|
Death of an infant or young child that remains unexplained after a complete autopsy
|
|
Crackles
|
Crackling, rattling breath sound signaling fluid in the airspace belongs
|
|
chief complaint
|
The reason a patient called for help. Also, the patient's response to "what's wrong?"
|
|
hemopneumothorax
|
The accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of just
|
|
Core temperature
|
The temperature of the central part of the body (the heart, lungs, and vital organs)
|
|
standard of care
|
Written, accepted levels of emergency care expected by reason of training and profession; written by legal or professional organizations so that patients are not exposed to unreasonable risk or harm.
|
|
Breakdown of the golden hour
|
First 20 minutes: discovery of incident and activation of EMS; "The Platinum 10 Minutes": initial assessment and intervention; minutes 31 through 40: EMS packaging and transport; last 20 minutes: initial Hospital stabilization
|
|
Myocardial contusion
|
A bruise of the heart muscle
|
|
Embolus
|
A blood clot or other substance and circulatory system to travel to blood vessel where it causes blockage
|
|
cyanosis
|
bluish gray skin color that is caused by reduced oxygen levels in the blood
|
|
Tactical situation
|
A hostage, robbery, or other situation in which armed conflict threatened or shots fired and the threat of violence remains
|
|
beats per minute on the Perkinje fibers
|
20-40
|
|
What are some things to take into account when treating a geriatric patient as opposed to a younger patient?
|
The condition of older patients is more unstable than that of younger patients, and there is an increased possibility for sudden, rapid deterioration
|
|
What are the things that dispatcher uses to assign the appropriate EMS response unit
|
The nature and severity of the problem; the anticipated response onto the scene; the level of training; the need for additional EMS units, fire suppression, rescue, a hazmat team, air medical support, or log force
|
|
Decontamination area
|
The designated area and hazardous materials incident were all patients and rescuers must be decontaminated before going to another area
|
|
Cardiogenic shock
|
A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be severe be severe, be a severe complication of the large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions
|
|
What are some common hallucinogens
|
Lysergic acid diethalamide (LSD); PCP; Angel dust
|
|
Hypovolemic shock
|
A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, result in inadequate perfusion
|
|
Rule of nine: infant differences
|
Head: 18; legs: 13.5
|
|
What is the cardinal rule of Triage?
|
do the greatest good for the greatest number
|
|
Core temperature less than 80°F
|
Apparent death; cardiac arrest; unresponsive level of consciousness
|
|
Activated charcoal tradename
|
Superchar; Insta char; liquid char
|
|
rhonchi
|
Course, low-pitched sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the airways.
|
|
Flail chest
|
A condition in which two or more ribs and fractured in two or more places or in association with a fractured sternum so that a segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage
|
|
Side effects
|
Any effects of the medication other than the desired ones
|
|
systolic pressure
|
The increase pressure along an artery with each contraction (systole) of the ventricle.
|
|
stair chair
|
A lightweight folding device that is used to carry a conscious, seated patient up or down stairs.
|
|
Ischemia
|
A lack of oxygen in the cells of the brain that cause them not to function properly
|
|
hematemesis
|
Vomiting blood
|
|
Irreversible shock
|
The final stage of shock, resulting in death
|
|
Incision
|
A sharp or smooth cut
|
|
Critical incident stress management
|
a process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, directing emergency services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium
|
|
When a smallpox the most contagious
|
When the blisters begin to form
|
|
What are the two situations in which you must Splint a limb in the position of deformity
|
When the deformity is severe or when you encounter resistance or extreme pain when applying gentle traction to the fracture of a shaft of a long bone
|
|
Firefighters responsibility at hazard control
|
Extinguishing any fire, preventing additional ignition, and ensuring that the scene is safe, and removing any spilled fuel
|
|
Sure sign of airway obstruction
|
inability to speak or cough
|
|
Ventilation rates
|
Adult: 1 breath every 5 sec; child/infant: 1 breath every 3-5 sec
|
|
auscultation
|
a method of listening to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope
|
|
exposure control plan
|
a comprehensive plan that helps employees to reduce their risk of exposure to or acquisition of communicable diseases
|
|
Peritoneal cavity
|
The abdominal cavity
|
|
CMED
|
Centralized medical emergency dispatch
|
|
Shock
|
A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation so that every body part can perform its function; also called hypoperfusion
|
|
Metered dose inhaler route
|
Inhalation
|
|
Wheezing
|
A whistling breath sound caused by air traveling through narrowed air passages within the bronchioles; a sign of lower airway obstruction
|
|
Of what do you notify dispatch in a suspected attack?
|
Nature of the event, additional needed resources, # of patients, upwind route of approach/optimal approach`
|
|
An EMT's primary responsibility to a patient who had been poisoned
|
To recognize that poisoning has occurred
|
|
Where the individual steps of repeating the initial assessment during ongoing assessment
|
Reassessment of status; making an open airway; monitor the patient's breathing; reassess pulse rate and quality; monitors skin color and temperature; reestablished patient priorities
|
|
Some things you should consider if a patient in a postictal state refuses transport?
|
1. Is the patient awake and completely oriented after a seizure? 2. Does your assessment revealed no indication of trauma or publications from the seizure. 3. If the patient never had a seizure before. 4. With this feature the usual seizure in every way. Number five. Patient currently being treated with medications and receiving regular evaluations by physician
|
|
sternocleidomastoid muscles
|
The muscles on either side of the neck that allow movement of the head.
|
|
What two diseases do ticks carry
|
Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Lyme disease
|
|
Breath-holding syncope
|
Loss of consciousness caused by decreased breathing stimulus
|
|
Elements of the patient report (7)
|
1. Your unit identification level of services; 2. The receiving hospital and your estimated time of arrival 3. The patient's age and gender; 4. The patient's chief complaint or your perception of the problem and its severity; number five. A brief history of the patient's current problem; 6. A brief report of the findings; 7. A brief summary of the caregiving in any patient response
|
|
Localization of paint for ulcer
|
Upper mid abdomen or upper back
|
|
What is free movement
|
Motion at a point in the Limb where there is no joint. It is a positive indication of fracture
|
|
What is one unit of blood
|
500 mL
|
|
Dilation
|
Widening of a tubular structure such as a coronary artery
|
|
conjunctiva
|
The delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the exposed surface of the eye.
|
|
What can an anticholinergic poisoning be treated with
|
physostigmine intravenously
|
|
Breech presentation
|
A delivery in which the buttocks comes out first
|
|
Meningitis
|
Inflammation of the meninges that cover the spinal cord and brain
|
|
Cyanosis
|
Bluish color of the skin resulting from poor oxygenation of the circulating blood
|
|
costovertebral angle
|
an angle that is formed by the junction of the spine and the tenth rib
|
|
What is the bad news about acetaminophen regarding overdose
|
Symptoms of an overdose generally do not appear until it is too late
|
|
2 types of sexual harassment
|
1. Quid pro quo harassment. 2. Hostile work environment.
|
|
lateral condyle
|
the outer distal nub of the Humerus, meets with radius and ulna
|
|
Parts of the initial assessment
|
General impression; mental status; airway; breathing; circulation; priority patients and transport decisions
|
|
Bacteria
|
Microorganisms that reproduce by binary fission. The single-cell creatures reproduce rapidly. Some can form spores when environmental conditions are harsh.
|
|
Behavior
|
How a person functions or acts in response to his or her environment
|
|
Ovary
|
In Female pelvis; regulates sexual function, characteristics, and reproduction. Produces Estrogen and others
|
|
femur
|
The thighbone, which extends from the pelvis to the knee and is responsible for formation of the hip and knee; the longest and largest bone in the body
|
|
Pelvic inflammatory disease
|
An infection of the fallopian tubes and the shredding tissues of the pelvis. Acute pain and tenderness in the lower abdomen may be intense and accompanied by a high fever. Public transport
|
|
How do you treat stains from marine animals
|
Pour vinegar on it
|
|
Peritoneum
|
The membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covering the abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum)
|
|
liver
|
A large solid organ that lies in the RUQ immediately below the diaphragm it produces bile, stores sugar for immediate use by the body, and produces many substance that help regulate immune responses.
|
|
capillary refill
|
The ability of the circulatory system to restore blood to the capillary system.
|
|
NAAK
|
A nerve agent antidote kit containing two auto-injector medications, atropine and 2-PAM chloride (pralidoxime chloride); also known as MARK 1 kit.
|
|
G agents
|
Early nerve agents that were developed by German scientists in the period after World War I and World War II. There are three such agents: sarin, soman, and tabun
|
|
State-sponsored terrorism
|
Terrorism is funded and/or supported by nations that hold close ties with terrorist groups
|
|
abdomen
|
Body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion and excretion. Located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis.
|
|
mechanism of injury (MOI )
|
The way in which dramatic injuries occur; the forces that acts on the body to cause damage.
|
|
Epinephrine indications
|
Patient exhibits signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction, including either respiratory distress or shock; medication is prescribed for the patient; medical control gives the okay
|
|
Vomitus
|
Vomited material
|
|
What are some common anticholinergics
|
Atropine; Benadryl; Jim some weed
|
|
trachea
|
the windpipe; the main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs
|
|
Rates on Nasal Cannula
|
Flow: 1-6 L/min; O2 Delivered: 24-44%
|
|
Physical findings of AMI and cardiac compromise
|
Pulse rate increases is a normal response to pain stress or fear may be some irregularity; blood pressure may fall as a result of this cardiac output, although it may be normal or slightly elevated; respiration to normal, unless the patient has congestive heart failure, which will cause aspirations to become rapid and labored; patient often appears frightened. There may be not a vomiting or cold sweat. The skin is often action grade because of poor cardiac output, although it may be foolish to.
|
|
localization of pain-Kidney infection
|
costovertebral angle
|
|
Expressive aphasia
|
A speech disorder in which a person can understand what is being said, but cannot produce the right sounds in order to speak properly
|
|
Sclera
|
The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structures
|
|
inferior vena cava
|
one of the 2 largest veins in the body; carries blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic and abdominal organs into the heart
|
|
extend
|
to straighten
|
|
What are some signs of potential airway burn
|
Singed facial hair or sit present in or around the airway. Copious secretions and frequent coughing may also indicate a respiratory burn
|
|
Bradycardia
|
Slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute
|
|
What should you do with an unwrapped her amniotic sac
|
Puncture the sac with a clamp, away from the baby's face, only as the head is crowning, not before. Push the ruptured sac away from the baby's face as the head is delivered.
|
|
mucous membranes
|
the lining of body cavities and passages that communicate directly or indirectly with the environment outside the body
|
|
draw sheet carry
|
Place the cot next to the bed at the same height. With the patient on the blanket, grasp the blanket at the patients head, chest, hips and knees. Slide the patient onto the cot
|
|
acetabulum
|
the depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join in, in which the femoral head fits snugly
|
|
What are the main functions of the skin
|
Keeping pathogens out, fluids in, maintain body temperature, and provide environmental information to the brain
|
|
What are some plants that can cause poisoning
|
Mistletoe; Castor Bean; nightshade by: foxglove; Rhododendron by: poke weed; poison ivy; poison oak; poison sumac
|
|
Placenta previa
|
A condition in which the placenta develops over and covers the cervix
|
|
Danger zone (hot zone)
|
An area where individuals can be exposed sharp metal edges, broken glass, toxic substances, lethal rays, or an ignition or explosion of hazardous materials.
|
|
Hematoma
|
Blood collected within the body's tissue or any body cavity
|
|
shock position
|
The position that has the head and torso (trunk) supine and the lower extremities elevated 6" to 12". This helps to increase blood flow to the brain; also referred to as the modified trendelenburg's position.
|
|
Accessory muscles
|
The secondary muscles of respiration
|
|
What are some warning signs of suicide?
|
Does the patient have an air of hopelessness and despair? Does the patient avoid eye contact or speak slowly and haltingly, which were with the patient project isn't a vacancy? Does the patient seem unable to talk about the future? Is there any suggestion of suicide? Does the patient have any specific plans relating to death?
|
|
Emergency Medical Service (EMS)
|
a multidisciplinary system that represents the combined efforts of several professionals and agencies to provide prehospital emergency care to the sick and injured
|
|
Contact hazard
|
A hazardous agent that gives off a very little or no vapors; the skin is the primary route for this type of chemicals into the body; also called a skin hazard
|
|
Septum
|
The center divider in the nose
|
|
Burst fractures
|
Compression fractures of the vertebrae that typically result from a higher energy mechanism such as a motor vehicle crash or fall from a substantial height
|
|
Off-gassing
|
The emitting agent after exposure, for example from a person's clothes that have been exposed to the agent
|
|
Localization of pain-pancreatitis
|
Upper abdomen; back
|
|
Peritoneal fluid
|
Included in the abdominal space that is there to bathe and lubricate the organs
|
|
Retina
|
The light-sensitive area of the eye where images are projected; a layer of cells at the back of the eye that changes the light image into electrical impulses, which are carried by the optic nerve to the brain
|
|
hematuria
|
Blood in the urine
|
|
stridor
|
A harsh, high-pitched, barking inspiration sound often heard acute laryngeal obstruction
|
|
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
|
Potentially like the invalid infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms
|
|
cholecystitis
|
Inflammation of the gallbladder
|
|
peripheral nervous system
|
The part of the nervous system that consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves. These peripheral nerves may be sensory nerves, motor nerves, or connecting nerves.
|
|
brain
|
The controlling organ of the body and center of consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to the environment, emotional responses, and judgment.
|
|
Name the bones of the cranium
|
Frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, occipital bone
|
|
CPR
|
Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
|
|
Mnemonic DUMBELS
|
Defecation; urination; Miosis; Broncherra; emesis; lacrimation; salvation
|
|
ischemia
|
A lack of oxygen at the price tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred
|
|
Nitroglycerin forms
|
Tablets
|
|
Define the GEMS of diamond
|
G.-geriatric (older patients present atypically). E-environment (be aware of the patients living environment). M-medical problems. S-social (social aspect of the patient's life and the importance of the patient's social network)
|
|
Early signs of hypoxia
|
restlessness, irritability, apprehension, tachycardia, and anxiety
|
|
Radiological dispersal device (RDD)
|
Any container that is designed to disperse radioactive material
|
|
Eyes-forward position
|
A head position in which the patient's eyes are looking straight ahead and head and torso are in line
|
|
mandible
|
the bone of the lower jaw
|
|
Flank
|
The region of the lower rib cage
|
|
wheeled ambulance stretcher
|
A specially designed stretcher that can be rolled along the ground. A collapsible undercarriage allows it to be loaded into the ambulance. Also called the cot or an ambulance stretcher.
|
|
Dura
|
A leathery covering over the brink, next to the skull.
|
|
Evisceration
|
The displacement of organs outside the body
|
|
What is the rate for rescue breaths and infant or child
|
12 to 20 breaths a minute (one breath for 3 to 5 seconds)
|
|
Splint
|
A flexible or rigid appliance used to protect and maintain the position of an injured extremity
|
|
Signs and symptoms for drug overdose cholinergic
|
Excessive defecation or urination; muscle fasticulations; pinpoint pupils; excessive lacrimation or salivation; airway compromise; nausea or vomiting
|
|
Hypovolemic shock
|
Shock caused by fluid or blood loss
|
|
sternocleidomastoid muscles
|
The muscles on either side of the neck that allow movement of the head
|
|
acromioclavicular (A/C) joint
|
The joint between the clavicle and the acromion process. Little motion happens here
|
|
sensory nerves
|
Nerves that transmit sensory inputs such as touch, taste, heat, cold, and pain, from the periphery to the central nervous system.
|
|
hyphema
|
Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye, obscuring the iris
|
|
clavicle
|
the collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and medial to the scapula
|
|
superficial
|
Closer to or on the skin.
|
|
International terrorism
|
Terrorism is carried out by those not of the host country; also known as cross-border terrorism
|
|
Tragus
|
The small, rounded, fleshy bulge that lies immediately anterior to the ear canal
|
|
Cyanosis
|
A blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes; indicates decreased levels of oxygen in the blood
|
|
alveoli
|
The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
|
|
What are some problems that can be encountered with a nasopharyngeal airway and children?
|
If the area is too long, it may stimulate the vagus nerve and slow heart rate, or enter the esophagus, causing gastric distention
|
|
What are the considerations for car versus pedestrian accident
|
Estimate the speed of the vehicle; determine whether the patient was thrown and what distance or whether the patient was struck and pulled under the car; evaluate the car for structural damage that might indicate contact points
|
|
How can you help to slow postdelivery bleeding
|
Massaging the mother's abdomen with a firm, circular motion (the fundus); encouraging the infant to breast-feed
|
|
The focused history and physical exam on a responsive patient
|
History of illness, sample history, focused medical assessment based on chief complaint, they find vital signs, reevaluate transport decision
|
|
metabolism
|
The biochemical process that results in the production of energy from nutrients within the cells.
|
|
Anemia
|
A deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
|
|
ulcer
|
Erosion of the stomach or intestinal lining
|
|
vagina
|
The muscular distensible tube that connects the uterus with the vulva (the external female genitalia); also called the birth canal.
|
|
Participant focused history and physical exam for an unresponsive patient
|
Rapid medical assessment; baseline vitals; sample history; reevaluate transport
|
|
The three types of physical exam techniques
|
Inspection/look, palpation/feel, auscultation/listen
|
|
Nasal flaring
|
Widening of the Nares during inspiration; commonly seen in infants; indicates increased work of breathing
|
|
Contagious
|
A person infected with the disease is highly communicable
|
|
What are the five ways a body can lose heat?
|
Conduction; convection; evaporation; radiation; respiration
|
|
What sort of venom is used by the Brown recluse
|
Cytotoxic
|
|
Spotter
|
A person who assists the driver in backing up an ambulance in order to compensate for blind spot at the back of the vehicle
|
|
scoop stretcher
|
a stretcher that is designed to be split into two or four sections that can be fitted around a patient who is lying on the ground or other relatively flat surface; also called a split litter.
|
|
dyspnea
|
difficulty breathing
|
|
Transition phase
|
A time. It allows the infant or child to become familiar with you and your equipment; only appropriate if the child's condition is stable
|
|
Paging
|
the use of radio signal and a voice or digital message that is transmitted to pagers or desktop monitor radios
|
|
Shaken baby syndrome
|
Bleeding within the head and damaged cervical spine of an infant who has been intentionally and forcibly shaken; a form of child abuse
|
|
medial condial
|
the inner distal nub of the humerus
|
|
Tachypnea
|
Rapid respiration
|
|
maxillae
|
The bones that form the upper jaw on either side of the face; they contain in the upper teeth and form part of the orbit of the eye, the nasal cavity, and the palate
|
|
bilateral
|
a body part or condition that appears on both sides of the midline
|
|
Why can pregnant women compensate better for blood loss
|
During pregnancy blood volume doubles
|
|
Sublingual
|
Under the tongue; a medication delivery route
|
|
Tidal volume
|
The amount of air that is delivered to the lungs and airways in one inhalation
|
|
Activities of daily living
|
The basic activities a person usually accomplishes during a normal day, such as eating, dressing, and bathing
|
|
open head injury
|
injury to the head often caused by a penetrating object in which there may be bleeding and exposed brain tissue
|
|
What are the two main types of food poisoning
|
The organism itself causes the disease; the organism produces toxins that cause the disease
|
|
Hypoxic drive
|
Backup system to control respirations with oxygen levels all
|
|
What is the perfusion triangle
|
The pump (the heart); the pipes, or container (blood vessels); content, or volume (blood)
|
|
Pulmonary edema
|
Fluid accumulates in the lungs
|
|
Septicemia
|
The disease state that results from the presence of microorganisms or the toxic products in the blood stream
|
|
Subclavian arteries
|
Supply blood to the upper extremities
|
|
Pneumothorax
|
Partial or complete accumulation of air in the plural space
|
|
Viruses
|
Germs that require a living host to multiply and survive
|
|
Hypoglycemia
|
Abnormally low glucose level in the blood
|
|
Central pulses
|
Pulses that are closest to the core (Central) part of the body where the vital organs are located; including the carotid, femoral, and apical pulses
|
|
UHF (ultrahigh frequency)
|
Radio frequencies between 303,000 MHz
|
|
Work with his elder abuse most often seen in?
|
Women older than 75 years
|
|
What are the five main risk factors to assess level of danger/patient violence
|
History; posture; the scene; local activity; physical activity
|
|
Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (C HEMTREC)
|
Agency that assists emergency personnel in identifying and handling hazardous materials transport incident
|
|
floating ribs
|
the eleventh and twelfth ribs, which do not attach to the sternum through the coastal arch
|
|
Paradoxical motion
|
The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion --- in during inhalation, out during excavation --- is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing
|
|
Why is it called congestive heart failure?
|
The lungs become congested with fluid. Once the heart fails to pump blood effectively
|
|
Index of suspicion
|
Awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries may exist when determining the mechanism of injury
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium builds up inside the walls of blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow and the formation of clots that can break off embolize
|
|
decapitated Beatles
|
By mnemonic for remembering DCAP-BTLS
|
|
croup
|
Infectious disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause partial airway structures and is characterized a barking cough; usually seen in children
|
|
Ventricular fibrillation
|
Disorganized, ineffective twitching of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow at the state of cardiac arrest
|
|
Amniotic sac
|
The fluid-filled, bag like membrane in which the fetus develops
|
|
Metered dose inhaler tradename
|
Proventil; Ventolin; Alupent ;Atrovent
|
|
What are the only two situations in which an EMT can insert their hands into the vagina
|
Breech presentation; prolapse of the umbilical cord
|
|
The focused history and physical exam on an unresponsive patient
|
Rapid medical assessment, baseline vital signs, sample history, reevaluate transport decision
|
|
Epinephrine route
|
Autoinjector; intramuscular
|
|
heart
|
a hollow muscular organ that receives blood from the veins and propels it into the arteries
|
|
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
|
Bathes the brain and spinal cord and cushions them, filtering out impurities and toxins. Leaks from ear during severe skull fracture.
|
|
pulmonary veins
|
The four veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
|
|
Closed abdominal injury
|
Any injury of the abdomen caused by a non-penetrating instrument or force, in which the skin remains intact; also called Blunt abdominal injury
|
|
Damage to what vertebrae will cause paraparalysis?
|
L1
|
|
Epinephrine contraindications
|
None is used in a life-threatening
|
|
Generalized tonic-clonic seizure
|
A seizure that features rhythmic back-and-forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness
|
|
nerve agents
|
A class of chemical called organophosophates; they function by blocking an essential enzyme in the nervous system, which causes the body's organs to become overstimulated and burn out.
|
|
Hemophilia
|
A congenital condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood's normal clotting factors
|
|
What sort of abdominal organ is involved with the pain comes and goes?
|
Hollow
|
|
Sulfur mustard (H)
|
A vesicant; it is a brownish-yellowish oily substance that is generally considered very persistent; has the distinct smell of garlic or mustard and, when released, is quickly absorbed into the skin and/or mucous membranes and begins an irreversible process of damaging the cells
|
|
What are the three classifications of soft tissue injuries
|
Closed injuries, open injuries, burns
|
|
Elder abuse
|
Any action on the part of an older person's family member, caregiver, or other associated person that takes advantage of the older individual's person, property, or emotional state; also called granny beating and parent battering
|
|
options for stress management
|
lifestyle changes; nutritional changes; exercise; balance of work and family;
|
|
elastin
|
A protein found in elastic tissues such as skin and artery walls
|
|
designated officer
|
The individual in the department who is charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues.
|
|
What are the three primary functions of dressings and bandages
|
To control bleeding; to protect the wound from further damage; to prevent further contamination and infection
|
|
portable stretcher
|
A stretcher with a strong rectangular tubular metal from and rigid fabric stretched across it.
|
|
American Standard System
|
a safety system for oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental attachment of a regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas
|
|
BLS
|
Basic Life Support
|
|
Were some of the symptoms of a staphylococcus infection
|
Gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
|
|
fibrinogen
|
Reinforces the red blood cells.
|
|
main bronchi
|
tubes off the carina that go directly into the lungs
|
|
Perfusion
|
The flow of blood through the body tissue and vessels
|
|
Retractions
|
Drawing in the intercostal muscles and sternum during inspiration; a sign of increased work of breathing
|
|
Tension pneumothorax
|
An accumulation of air or gas in the plural cavity that progressively increases the pressure in the chest with potentially fatal results
|
|
buboes
|
Enlarged lymph nodes (up to the size of a tennis ball) that were characteristics of people infected with bubonic plague
|
|
Intravenous injection
|
Injection directly into a vein; and medication delivery route
|
|
Pediatric assessment triangle
|
A structured assessment tool that allows you to rapidly form a general impression of the infant or child without touching him or her; consists of assessing appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to the skin
|
|
What are some common abused inhalants
|
Acetone; gasoline halogenated hydrocarbons.
|
|
Pulmonary contusion
|
A bruise of the lung
|
|
Core temperature 80° to 88°F
|
Coma; weak pulse, arrhythmias, very slow respiration; unresponsive level of consciousness
|
|
Describe labored breathing
|
increased breathing effort; use of accessory muscles; possible gasping; nasal flaring, supraclavicular and intercostal retractions in infants and children
|
|
humerus
|
the supporting bone of the upper arm
|
|
Pleuritic pain
|
A sharp or sticking pain with each breath
|
|
Localization of paying for appendicitis
|
Right lower quadrant-direct; around Naval-referred; rebounding pain-pain felt on the rebound of palpation
|
|
Where should you park in relation to the scene of a crash or hazard?
|
Park at 100 feet past the scene on the same side of the road. It is best to park uphill and or upwind of the scene
|
|
Altered mental status
|
A change in the way a person thinks and behaves that may signal disease in the central nervous system or elsewhere in the body
|
|
Retinal detachment
|
Separation of the retina from its attachment at the back of the eye
|
|
Closed injury
|
Injury in which damage occurs beneath the skin or mucous membrane but the surface remains intact
|
|
Near drowning
|
Survival, at least temporarily, after suffocation in water
|
|
Arterial rupture
|
Rupture of a cerebral artery that may contribute to interruption of cerebral blood flow
|
|
Orbit
|
The bony eyesocket
|
|
Mandible
|
The bone of the lower jaw
|
|
deep
|
further inside the body and away from the skin
|
|
gastric distention
|
a condition in which air fills the stomach, often as a result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation
|
|
Pupil
|
The circular opening in the middle of the iris that admits light to the back of the eye
|
|
basket stretcher
|
A rigid stretched commonly used in technical and water rescues that surrounds and supports the patient yet allows water to drain through holes in the bottom. Also call a Stokes littler.
|
|
Activated charcoal actions
|
Binds to certain poisons and prevents them from being absorbed by the body
|
|
Cerebral vascular accident
|
An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function
|
|
Hazardous materials classification-red
|
Fire hazard
|
|
pulmonary artery
|
The major artery leading from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs; it carries oxygen-poor blood.
|
|
personal protective equipment (PPE)
|
Protective equipment that OSHA requires to be made available to the EMT. In the case of infection risk, PPE blocks entry of an organism into the body.
|
|
What are cholinergic usually known as
|
Nerve gases
|
|
radial styloid
|
the distal end of the radius that meets with the hand bones
|
|
Clavicle
|
Collarbone
|
|
hypoperfusion
|
Shock
|
|
costal arch
|
A bridge of cartilage that connects the ends of the sixth through tenth ribs with the lower portion of the sternum.
|
|
sector commander
|
the individual delegated to oversee and coordinate activity in an incident command sector; works under the incident commander
|
|
Hemothorax
|
A collection of blood in the plural cavity
|
|
anatomic position
|
the position of reference in which the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward
|
|
tidal volume
|
the amount of air moved in or out of the lungs during one breath
|
|
What are the characteristics of salmonella poisoning
|
Severe gastrointestinal symptoms within 72 hours of ingestion, including non-Zia, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Possibly ill with fever and generalized weakness.
|
|
Psychogenic
|
A symptom or illnesses caused by mental factors as opposed to the ones
|
|
Define work
|
Force acting over a distance
|
|
What are the five principal EMS related responsibilities of the FCC
|
1. Allocating specific radiofrequency for use by EMS providers; 2. Licensing base station and assigning appropriate radio call signs for the station; 3. Establishing licensing standards and offerings vacations for radio used by EMS providers; 4. Establishing limitations for transmitter power output; 5. Monitoring radio operations
|
|
What is the blood pressure usually for eclampsia
|
150
|
|
Anaphylactic shock
|
Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction
|
|
Concussion
|
A temporary loss or alteration of part or all of the brain's abilities to function without actual physical damage to the brain
|
|
direct ground lift
|
A Lifting technique that is used for patients who are found lying supine on the ground with no suspected spinal injury.
|
|
epiglottitis
|
An infection of the soft tissue in the area of the vocal cords
|
|
Sedative
|
A substance that decreases activity and excitement
|
|
anterograde amnesia
|
Inability to remember events after an injury
|
|
Hazardous materials classification-white
|
Specific hazard
|
|
Responsiveness
|
the way in which a patient response to external stimuli, including verbal stimuli (sound), tactile stimuli (touch), and painful stimuli
|
|
plasma
|
A sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients and transports cellular waste material to the organs of excretion.
|
|
How can the general impression of the way the patient is laying be helpful?
|
In some situations, patients are comfortable only when lying in one particular position, which tends to relax muscles adjacent to the inflamed organ and thus lessen the pain. Therefore, the position of the patient may provide an important clue
|
|
Ambient temperature
|
The temperature of the surrounding environment
|
|
Emergency dragging methods
|
Emergency clothes drag; blanket drag; arm drag; arm to arm drag.
|
|
shoulder girdle
|
The proximal portion of the upper extremity, made up of the clavicle, scapula, and the humerus.
|
|
Special Atomic Demolition Munitions (SADM)
|
Small suit case-sized nuclear weapons that were designed to destroy individual targets, such as important buildings, bridges, tunnels, or large ship
|
|
meniscus
|
the cartilage buffer between the femur and the tibia
|
|
cerebrum
|
the largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain, sometimes called the "gray matter"; made up of several lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, visual perception, emotions, and personality
|
|
sternoclavicular joint
|
The joint between the clavicle and the top of the sternum. Little motion happens here
|
|
foramen magnum
|
a large opening at the base of the skill through which the brain connects to the spinal cord
|
|
sacrum
|
one of the three bones (sacrum and 2 pelvic bones) that make up the pelvic ring; consists of 5 fused vertebrae
|
|
Symptoms of hypoglycemia
|
Normal or rapid respiration; pale, moist skin; excessive sweating; dizziness, headache; rapid pulse; normal to low blood pressure; altered mental status; anxious or combative behavior; hunger; seizure, fainting, or coma; weakness on one side of the body
|
|
Polyuria
|
The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; and diabetes, this can result from wasting of glucose in the urine
|
|
diamond carry
|
a carrying technique in which one EMT-B is located at the head end, one at the foot end, and one at each side of the patient; each of the two EMT-B's at the sides uses one hand to support the stretcher so that they are all able to face forward as they walk.
|
|
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
|
Comprehensive legislation that is designed to protect individuals with disabilities against discrimination
|
|
Multi-system trauma patient
|
A patient who experienced trauma that affects more than one body system
|
|
medial malleous
|
the end of the tibia where it meets the foot structure
|
|
Cleaning
|
The process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contaminants from the surface
|
|
Sensitization
|
Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction
|
|
What percentage per year does the body deteriorate after 30
|
1%
|
|
cricoid pressure
|
pressure on the cricoid cartilage; applied to occlude the esophagus in order to inhibit gastric distention and regulation of vomitus in the unconscious patient
|
|
Esophageal Tracheal Combitube (ETC)
|
A multilumen airway that consists of a single, dual lumen tube with 2 cuffs.
|
|
Command Post
|
The location of the incident commander at the scene of an emergency and where command, coordination, control, and communication are centralized.
|
|
Soman (G. D)
|
The nerve agent is one of the G agents; twice as persistent as sarin and five times as legal; it has a fruity odor, as a result of the type of alcohol used in agent, and it's both a contact and inhalation hazard that can enter the body through skin absorption and through the respiratory tract
|
|
Vagina
|
The outermost cavity of the woman's reproductive system; the lower part of the birth canal
|
|
Anaphylaxis
|
Extreme, possibly life -- threatening systemic allergic reaction that may cause shock and respiratory failure
|
|
Hyperthermia
|
A condition in which core temperature rises to 101°F (38.3°C) or more
|
|
Evaporation
|
Conversion of water or another fluid from a liquid to a gas
|
|
Casualty collection area
|
An area set up by physicians, nurses, and other hospital staff near a major disaster scene where patients can receive further triage and medical care
|
|
One-person walking assists.
|
|
|
What two substances ignite when coming to contact with water
|
Phosphorus; elemental sodium
|
|
Spontaneous pneumothorax
|
A pneumothorax occurs when a weak area on the lung ruptures in the absence of major injury, allowing air to leak into the pleural space
|
|
What does a teardrop-shaped pupil suggest
|
A laceration to the eye itself
|
|
How long will it take kidneys to be damaged with inadequate perfusion
|
45 minutes
|
|
School-age
|
Children between 6 to 12 years of age
|
|
What is treatment for a Pulmonary Agent?
|
Remove the patient from the contaminated area.
|
|
Guarding
|
Involuntary muscle contraction of the double wall, an effort to protect the inflamed abdomen
|
|
joint (articulation)
|
The place where 2 bones come into contact.
|
|
Optic nerve
|
A cranial nerves that transmit visual information to the brain
|
|
Drowning
|
Death from suffocation by submersion in water
|
|
sniffing position
|
An unusually upright position in which the patients head and chin are thrust slightly forward.
|
|
rectum
|
the lowermost part of the colon
|
|
Hazardous materials
|
Any substances that are toxic, poisonous, radioactive, flammable, or explosives and cause injury or death with exposure
|
|
Signs of inadequate breathing
|
Errata breathing that is slower than 12 breasts per minute or faster than 20 breaths per minute; unequal chest expansion; decreased breath sounds on one or both sides of the chest; Russell retractions about the clavicles, between the ribs, and below the rib cage, especially in children; pale or cyanotic skin; cool, damp skin; shallow or irregular respiration; pursed lips; nasal flaring
|
|
When is the only time that you should remove contact lenses from the eye
|
If there is a chemical burn
|
|
sensory nerves
|
the nerves that carry sensations of touch, taste, hear, cold, pain, or other modalities from the body to the central nervous system
|
|
Law enforcement responsibilities during hazard control
|
Traffic control and direction, maintaining order at the scene, investigating the crash of a crime scene, and establishing and maintaining lines of that bystanders are kept at a safe distance and out of the way of rescuers
|
|
What is the only joint in the head
|
Temporomandibular joint
|
|
putrefecation
|
decomposition of body tissue
|
|
peripheral nervous system
|
the 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves that link the body to the CNS
|
|
tibia
|
The shinbone, the larger of the 2 bones of the lower leg.
|
|
How much blood can be lost from femoral shaft fracture
|
500 to 1000 mL
|
|
White blood cells
|
blood cells that play a role in the body's immune defense mechanisms against infection; also called leukocytes
|
|
power grip
|
A technique in which the litter or backboard is gripped by inserting each hand under the handle with the palm facing up and the thumb extended, fully supporting the underside of the handle on the curved palm with the fingers and thumb.
|
|
intravenous (IV) therapy
|
the delivery of medication directly into a vein
|
|
Indications for an oropharyngeal airway
|
unconscious patient without a gag reflex; any apneic patient being ventilated with a BVM
|
|
extremity lift
|
A lifting technique that is used for patients who are supine or in a sitting position with no suspected extremity or spinal injuries.
|
|
Command Post
|
The designated field command center where the incident commander and support personnel are located
|
|
midclavicular line
|
an imaginary vertical line drawn through the middle portion of the clavicle and parallel to the midline
|
|
Tibia
|
The larger of the two lower leg bones responsible for supporting the major weight-bearing surface of the knee and ankle; the shin bone
|
|
What is the other type of drug that may be hard to distinguish from an anti-cholinergic overdose
|
Sympathomimetic overdose
|
|
Alpha
|
Type of energy that is emitted from a strong radiological source; it is the least harmful penetrating type of radiation and cannot travel fast or through most objects
|
|
What is the average amount of dedication to patient over 65 will be taking?
|
Four
|
|
Ventricular tachycardia
|
Rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of the atrium), which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest
|
|
Multi-para
|
A woman who has had more than one live birth
|
|
Dyspnea
|
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
|
|
pancreas
|
A flat, solid organ that lies below the liver and the stomach; it is the major source of digestive enzymes and produces the hormone insulin.
|
|
What are some findings of the eye that should alert you to the possibility of head injury
|
One pupil larger than the other; the eyes not moving together are pointing in different directions; failure of the eyes to follow movement; bleeding under the conjunctiva which obscures the sclera; protrusion or bulging of one I
|
|
Connecting nerves
|
Nerves in the spinal cord to connect the motor and sensory nerves
|
|
skeletal muscle
|
Muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint; striated, or voluntary, muscle.
|
|
Neurogenic shock
|
Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in spinal cord injuries
|
|
Kyphosis
|
A forward curling at the back caused by an abnormal increase in the curvature of the spine
|
|
seminal vesicles
|
Storage sacs for sperm and seminal fluid, which empty into the urethra at the prostate.
|
|
What is another name for lateral collisions
|
T-bone collisions
|
|
Tympanic membrane
|
The eardrum, which lies between the external and middle ear
|
|
sternum
|
the breastbone
|
|
Topical medications
|
Lotions, creams, and ointment that are applied to the surface of the skin and affect only that area; medication delivery route
|
|
Kussmaul respirations
|
Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain assets when insulin is not available in the body
|
|
Where is insulin formed
|
Pancreas
|
|
Uterus
|
The muscular organ where the fetus grows, also called the womb; responsible for contractions during labor
|
|
Synovial fluid
|
The fluid that bathes and lubricates joints
|
|
In what order should you siphon the baby's airway and why
|
Mouth first, then nose; because siphoning the nose may cause the baby to inhale through the mouth, accidentally inhaling fluid
|
|
carrier
|
an animal or person who is infected with and may transmit an infectious disease but may not display any symptoms of it; also known as a vector
|
|
Name the parts of the inner ear
|
The cochlea
|
|
exposure
|
a situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggest that disease transmission may occur
|
|
Stridor
|
A harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound that is often heard in cute laryngeal (see upper airway) the obstruction; it may sound like Crow Wing and be audible without a stethoscope.
|
|
Inadequate Breathing Signs
|
respiratory rate less than 12 or more than 20; irregular rhythm; auscultated breath sounds absent, diminished, or noisy; reduced flow of air at the nose and mouth; unequal or inadequate chest expansion; increased effort; shallow; pale; cyanotic, cool, moist, clammy skin; skin pulling in around the ribs or above the clavicles
|
|
Meconium
|
Dark green material in the amniotic fluid can cause lung disease in the newborn
|
|
patella
|
The kneecap; a specialized bone that lies within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle.
|
|
miosis
|
bilateral pinpoint constricted pupils
|
|
Reverse triage
|
A triage process in which efforts are focused on those who are in respiratory and cardiac arrest, and different from conventional triage were such patients would be classified as deceased. Used in triaging multiple victims of a lightning strike
|
|
The four avenues for poison to get into the patient's body
|
Inhalation; absorption; indigestion; injection
|
|
What are the two dangers specifically associated with electrical burns
|
There may be a large amount of deep tissue injury. Electrical burns are always more severe than the external signs indicate. Also, the patient may go into cardiac or respiratory arrest from the electric shock
|
|
Ingestion
|
Swallowing; taking a substance by mouth
|
|
Blood glucose levels at which insulin shock occurs
|
Less than 40 mg
|
|
Communicability
|
Describes how easily a disease spreads from one human to another human
|
|
Metered dose inhaler contraindications
|
Patient unable to use; inhaler is not patients; no okay for medical control; patient took max dose
|
|
Autonomic nervous system
|
The part of the nervous system regulates functions that are not controlled by the conscious will, such as digestion and sweating
|
|
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
|
A delayed stress reaction to a prior incident. This delayed reaction is often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident.
|
|
Where is methyl alcohol found
|
In dry gas products and sterno
|
|
Blood glucose levels in hyperglycemia
|
200 mg
|
|
Symptoms of diabetic coma
|
Kussmaul respirations, dehydration, as indicated by dry, warm skin and sunken eyes; a suite or fruity order on the breath; a rapid pulse; a normal slightly low blood pressure; varying degrees of unresponsiveness
|
|
labored breathing
|
breathing that requires greater than normal effort; may be slower or faster than normal and usually requires the use of accessory muscles,
|
|
Name the hollow organs of the body
|
Stomach; gallbladder; bile duct; large intestine; small intestine; rectum; uterus; appendix; urinary bladder; fallopian tubes; ureter
|
|
Epinephrine actions
|
Dilates bronchioles; constrict blood vessels
|
|
Motor nerves
|
Nerves that carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body
|
|
raccoon eyes
|
bruising under the eyes that may indicate skull fractures
|
|
beats per minute on the AV node
|
40 -- 60
|
|
thorax
|
the chest cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels (the aorta and the 2 vena cava)
|
|
Compartment syndrome
|
An elevation of pressure within a closed fascial compartment, characterized by extreme pain, decreased pain sensation, paying on stretching affected muscles, and decreased power; frequently seen in fractures below the elbow or knee and children
|
|
acromioclavicular joint
|
A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder
|
|
Infancy
|
The first year of life
|
|
phalanges
|
The 2 bones of each toe.
|
|
VHF (very high frequency)
|
Radio frequencies between 30 space and 300 MHz; the VHF spectrum is further divided into high and low ends
|
|
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
|
A device that detects treatable life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia) and delivers the appropriate electrical shock to the patient.
|
|
Activated charcoal side effects
|
Black stools; if he will not vomit from activated charcoal only vomits from the ingested poison
|
|
What are some examples of functional disorder
|
Schizophrenia and depression
|
|
Polypharmacy
|
Simultaneous use of many medications
|
|
Weapon of mass casualty (WMC)
|
Any agent designed to bring about mass death, casualties, and/or massive damage to property and infrastructure (Bridges,, airports, and seaports); also known as weapon of mass destruction
|
|
Persistency
|
Term used to describe how long a chemical agent will stay on a surface before it evaporates
|
|
How should you approach a helicopter parked on a slope?
|
From the downhill side, or by traveling towards an uphill
|
|
Cerebral embolism
|
Extraction of a cerebral artery caused by clots that was formed elsewhere in the body and travel to the brain.
|
|
turbinates
|
Layers of bone within the nasal cavity
|
|
Localization of pain for cholecystitis
|
Right upper quadrant-direct; right shoulder-referred
|
|
Why should you always check for bleeding inside the mouth
|
Blood inside the mouth may produce airway instruction
|
|
Transcutaneous
|
Through the skin; the medication delivery route
|
|
bradycardia
|
A heart rate of less than 80 beats per minute and children in less than 100 beats per minute
|
|
Simplex
|
Single frequency radio; transmission can occur in either direction but not simultaneously both Emma: when one party transmits, the other can only receive, and the part it is transmitting is unable to receive
|
|
involuntary muscle
|
Muscle over which a person as no conscious control. It is found in many automatic regulating systems of the body.
|
|
respiratory system
|
All the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, consisting of the upper and lower airways and their component parts.
|
|
How high is a fall need to be to be considered significant
|
A height greater than 15 feet or three times the patient's height
|
|
mild airway obstruction
|
Occurs when a foreign body partially obstructs the patient’s airway. The patient is able to move adequate amounts of air, but also experiences some degree of respiratory distress
|
|
Rule of Nines
|
A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burned area
|
|
The radius
|
The bone on the thumb side of the forearm; important in both wrists and hand function
|
|
urticaria
|
Small spots of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas of skin; hives
|
|
stoma
|
an opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin
|
|
Open fracture
|
Any break a bone in which the overlaying skin has been damaged
|
|
A reducible hernia
|
A hernia mess that will disappear back into the body cavity in which it belongs
|
|
Glasgow Coma Scale
|
A method of evaluating level of consciousness that uses a scoring system for neurologic responses to specific stimuli.
|
|
The vesicant
|
Blister agent; the primary route of entry for vesicant is through the skin
|
|
Conjunctivitis
|
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
|
|
how to measure a nasopharyngeal
|
tip of the patients nose to the earlobe
|
|
renal pelvis
|
A cone-shaped collecting area that connects the ureter and the kidney.
|
|
aspiration
|
the introduction of vomitus or other foreign material into the lungs
|
|
Pathologic fracture
|
A fracture of weakened or diseased bone seen in patients with osteoporosis or cancer, generally produced by minimal force
|
|
What does the word diabetes mean
|
A passer through; a siphon
|
|
Absorption
|
The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the blood stream
|
|
diffusion
|
a process in which molecules move from one area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
|
|
Bleeding from vein
|
Darker than arterial bleeding and flows steadily
|
|
The bubonic plague
|
An epidemic that spread throughout Europe in the Middle Ages, causing over 25 million deaths, also called the Black death, transmitted by infected fleas characterized by acute malaise, fever, and the formation of tender, enlarged, with inflamed lymph nodes that appear as lesions, called Buboes
|
|
contraindications for nasopharyngeal
|
head or face trauma
|
|
How deep can you trench be before you need proper shoring
|
4 feet
|
|
Describe Shallow breathing?
|
decrease chest or abdominal wall motion
|
|
Tolerance
|
The need for increasing amounts of the drug to obtain the same effect
|
|
Artery
|
A blood vessel, consisting of three layers of tissue in smooth muscle that carries blood away from the heart
|
|
Hazardous materials incident
|
An incident in which a hazardous material is no longer properly contained and isolated.
|
|
superior vena cava
|
one of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck, and chest to the heart
|
|
lumbar spine
|
The lower part of the back, formed by the lower five nonfused vertebrae also called the dorsal spine.
|
|
emesis
|
Vomiting
|
|
urinary system
|
The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine.
|
|
Referred pain
|
Painful in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of pain is located
|
|
Posterior
|
The back surface of the body; the site away from you in the standard anatomical position
|
|
pneumothorax
|
a partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space
|
|
Pulse points in the body
|
Dorsal pedis; posterior tibial; popiteal; femoral ; radial; ulnar; brachial; carotid; external maxillary; superficial temporal
|
|
Hypoventilation
|
Reduced Minute volume, either from reduced rate and/or depth of breathing
|
|
SAMPLE history
|
A brief history of the patient’s condition: Signs/symptoms, Allergies, medications, Pertinent past history, Last oral intake/Last menstruation, Events leading up to incident or illness.
|
|
Aneurysm
|
A swelling or enlargement of part of an artery resulting from weakening of the arterial wall
|
|
Histamines
|
Substances released by the immune system and allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis
|
|
cyanosis
|
A bluish-grey skin color that is caused by reduced levels of oxygen in the blood.
|
|
Detailed physical exam
|
The part of the assessment process in which a detailed area-by-area exam is performed on patients whose problems cannot be readily identified or when more specific information is needed about problems identified in the focused history and physical exam
|
|
How should you protect yourself and the patient if it car needs to be disentangled
|
Both you and the patient should be covered by a thick, fire resistant canvas or blanket for protection from broken glass, fine particles, tools, or other hazards during any cutting or forceful extrication maneuvers
|
|
localization of pain-Kidney stone
|
Right or left flanks, radiating to genitalia-referred
|
|
contamination
|
The presence of infectious organisms on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds, or a patient’s body.
|
|
Disaster
|
A widespread event disrupts community resources and functions, in turn threatening public safety, citizens lives, and property
|
|
Distraction
|
The action of pulling the spine along its length
|
|
Ways self control is developed
|
Proper training, ongoing experience dealing with various types of stress, healthy stress coping strategies, dedication to serve
|
|
Suctioning times:
|
adult: 15sec; Child: 10 sec; Infant: 5 sec
|
|
tonic-clonic
|
A type of seizure that features rhythmic back-and-forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness
|
|
ulnar styloid
|
the distal end of the ulna that meets with the arm bones
|
|
When in doubt of DNR or they are not present:
|
resuscitate
|
|
How many days after a facial fracture is it possible for plastic surgeons to repair damage
|
7 to 10
|
|
ureter
|
a small, hallow tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder
|
|
What is the second rule of safe driving in an emergency?
|
The driver and all passengers must wear seat belts and shoulder restraint at all times
|
|
Cerebrovascular Accident
|
Stroke
|
|
Child abuse
|
Any improper or excessive action that injures or otherwise harms a child or infant; includes neglect and physical, sexual, and emotional abuse
|
|
Content of exhaled air
|
16% oxygen, 3-5% CO2, the rest is nitrogen.
|
|
Epinephrine interventions
|
Recheck patient; recheck vitals; record doses; advise medical control
|
|
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
|
pacemaker of the heart, begins the electric pulse
|
|
Atrium
|
One of two upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle
|
|
What is the Palmer Method
|
A way of estimating a Burns surface area is to compare it to the size of the patient's palm, which is roughly equal to 1% of the patients total body surface area
|
|
cervical spine
|
the portion of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the neck
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium buildup inside the walls of blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow; lack of this type can also become a state where blood clots can form, break up, and am glad elsewhere in the circulation.
|
|
Strangulation
|
Complete obstruction of blood circulation in a given organ as a result of compression or entrapment; an emergency situation causing death of tissue
|
|
Collagen
|
A protein that is the chief component of connective tissues and bones
|
|
Nitroglycerin route
|
Sublingual
|
|
Opiates effect on pupils
|
Constriction
|
|
extension
|
the straightening of a joint
|
|
What is the one American scorpion that has significant poison
|
centruroides sculpturatus
|
|
Channel
|
an assigned frequency or frequencies that are used to carry voice and/or data communications
|
|
greater trochanter
|
a bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the thigh, just below the hip joint
|
|
polydipsia
|
Excessive thirst persisting for long periods of time despite reasonable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination
|
|
Sclera
|
The white portion of the eye; the tough outer coat that gives protection to the delicate, alike-sensitive, inner layer.
|
|
Generic name
|
The original chemical name of the medication (in contrast with one of its trade names.); The name is not capitalized
|
|
emergency
|
A serious situation, such as injury or illness, which threatens the life or welfare of a person or group of people and requires immediate intervention.
|
|
What percentage of poisonings are by mouth
|
80%
|
|
Open chest injury
|
An injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated, a fractured rib or, more frequently, by an external object such as a bullet or knife
|
|
Safe distance from the hazard
|
Beating up women and at least 100 feet from the site, shifting winds, large falling material, the properties of the substance may make this minimum distance to close
|
|
primipara
|
A woman who has had one live birth
|
|
PPE level A
|
Most hazardous, of course fully encapsulated, chemical-resistant protective clothing that provides full body protection, as well as SCBA and special, sealed equipment
|
|
Trade name
|
The brand name the manufacturer gives medication; the name is capitalized
|
|
cecum
|
The first part of the large intestine, into which the ileum opens.
|
|
How many bones are there in the human body
|
206
|
|
hypoxic drive
|
Conditions in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung disease.
|
|
agonal respirations
|
occasional gasping breaths that have occurred after the heart has stopped
|
|
During congestive heart failure, the left ventricle fails:
|
Patient suffers pulmonary edema; and may have pink frothy sputum.
|
|
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
|
A tiny balloon is attached to a long thin tube and used to clear extraction
|
|
vasoconstriction
|
narrowing of blood vessels
|
|
Why should internal bleeding be considered a patient who seems to be in shock Due to alcohol consumption?
|
Blood might not clot effectively in a patient who has prolonged history of alcohol abuse
|
|
genital system
|
the male and female reproductive organs
|
|
Toddler
|
The period Following infancy until three years of age
|
|
carotid artery
|
The major artery that supplies blood to the head and brain.
|
|
How do you remove the stinger
|
Scraping the skin with an edge of a sharp stiff object such as a credit card
|
|
What does AMS stand for
|
Altered mental status
|
|
Dermis
|
The inner layer of the skin, containing hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels
|
|
Pediatrics
|
A specialized medical practice devoted to the care of the young
|
|
Heat cramps
|
Painful muscle spasms usually associated with vigorous activity in a hot environment
|
|
Capillaries
|
The small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules; various substances passed through capillary walls, into and out of the interstitial fluid, and then onto the cells
|
|
Mechanism of injury
|
The forces or energy transmission plights the body that cause injury
|
|
Fetus
|
The developing, unborn infant inside the uterus
|
|
Epinephrine dose
|
For an adult, .3 mg; for it, child .15 mg
|
|
What are the parts of Cushing's triad
|
Blood pressure up, pulse down, irregular respirations
|
|
ileum
|
one of 3 bones that fuse to for the pelvic ring
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How big should a landing zone be for a helicopter?
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No less than 60' x 60'; preferably more like 100' x 100'
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Polypharmacy
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Use of multiple medications on a regular basis
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abduction
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motion of a limb away from the midline
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Define thrombolytic
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Clotbusting
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swathe
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A bandage that passes around the chest to secure an injured arm to the chest
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At what speeds are you in danger of hydroplaning?
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Speeds greater than 30 mph
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What are the phases of an ambulance call?
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Preparation for the call; dispatch; en route; arrival at the scene; Transfer of the patient to the ambulance; en route to the receiving facility; a the receiving facility; en route to the station; Postrun
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peristalsis
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The wave-like contraction of smooth muscle by which the ureters or other tubular organs propel their contents.
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Aortic valve
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The one-way valve that lies between the left ventricle, and the aorta. He keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta. One of the four heart valves
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vital signs
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The key signs used to evaluate the patient's overall condition: respirations, pulse, blood pressure, level of consciousness, skin characteristics.
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What are you checking with pulse
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Rate, Strength, and Regularity
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battery
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touching a patient or providing emergency care without consent
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Above which vertebra will spinal damage caused diaphragm to stop contracting
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C3
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Normal amount of glucose in the blood
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80 to 120 mg
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Dyspnea
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Difficulty breathing
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suction catheter
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a hollow, cylindrical device used to remove fluid from the patient's airway
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AVPU scale
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Used to assess level of consciousness; recorded as being alert, verbally responsive, responsive pain, or unresponsive.
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What causes mottling?
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Constriction of peripheral blood vessels and is another sign of poor perfusion
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postictal state
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period Following a seizure that last between five and 30 minutes, characterized by labored respiration and some degree of altered mental status
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Proving Negligence
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1. Duty to act. 2. Breach of Duty. 3. Damages. 4. Cause
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Hormone
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A chemical substance that regulates the activity of body organs and tissues; produced by a gland
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calcaneus
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The heel bone
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Full-thickness burn
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A burn that affects all layers of skin and may affect the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, and internal organs, leaving the area dry, leathery, and white, dark brown, or charred; traditionally called a third-degree burn
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Localization of pain for diverticulitis
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left lower quadrant
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duty to act
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A mediocolegal term relating to certain personnel who either by stature or by function have a responsibility to provide care.
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Hypothermia
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A condition in which core temperature falls below 95°F (35°C) after exposure to cold environment
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Metered dose inhaler interventions
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Recheck patient; a recheck of vitals; record doses; advise medical control
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Blood glucose level at which diabetic coma occurs
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800 mg or greater
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Common cold
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A girl infection usually associated with swollen nasal mucous membranes and the production of food from the sinuses and those
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Presentation
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The position in which an infant is born; the part of the infant that appears first
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Allergen
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A substance that causes an allergic reaction
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How is the pain of angina pectoris usually described?
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Like somebody standing on my chest; crushing or squeezing.
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Safety guidelines for behavioral emergencies in mnemonic order
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encourage purposeful Movement; do not Judge; be Honest and reassuring; have a definite plan of Action; assess the Scene; Stay with the patient; stay a respectable distance Away from the patient; E. Direct; avoid Fighting with the patient; Identify yourself calmly; be prepared to spend extra Time; express interest in the patient's Story
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Subcutaneous emphysema
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The presence of air in soft tissues causing a characteristic crackling sensation on palpation.
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Mnemonic for remembering the Glasgow scale
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EVM = extra value meal = eyes; voice; motor
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Hypothermia
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A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C) after exposure to a cold environment.
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hypoxia
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a dangerous condition in which the body tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen
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How much blood volume does the typical adult to have
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70 mL of blood per kilogram of body weight, or 6 L (10 to 12 pints) in a body weighing 80 kg (hundred and 75 pounds)
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One can use lights and sirens?
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The unit must be on a true emergency call to the best of your knowledge; both audible and visual warning devices must be used simultaneously; the unit must be operated with due regard for the safety of all others, on and off the road way
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Focus history and physical exam for no significant mechanism of injury
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Focus, assessment based on chief complaint; baseline vitals; sample history; reevaluate transportation
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Hypoglycemia
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A condition characterized by low blood glucose levels
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mucus
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the opaque, sticky secretion of the mucous membranes that lubricates the body openings
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What age does the peak incidence of heart disease occur?
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40 to 70
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By what percentage does renal and kidney function decline in older people
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20 to 50%
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Bariatrics
|
The branch of medicine that is concerned with the management (prevention and control) of obesity and its allied diseases.
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rigor mortis
|
stiffening of the body; a definitive sigh of death
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hemiparesis
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Weakness on one side of the body
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Hypoxia
|
A condition in which the body cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen
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