Complete List of Terms and Definitions for History of Civ. Chapter 29: The Cold War Era, Decolonization, and the Emergence of a New Europe

Terms Definitions
Balfour Declaration British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for Jews help in WWI
Korean War (1950-1953) The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.
Truman Doctrine President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology
1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall
Khrushchev Soviet leader, publicly denounced Stalin, free many political prisoners eased censorship
yeltsin First person ever elected by popular vote in Russia; drafted a new constitution similar to France's which established a mixed presidential-parliamentary system anchored in a powerful presidency
Osama bin Laden Arab terrorist who established al-Qaeda (born in 1957). Planned attack of 9-11.
Walesa Polish labor leader and statesman who founded the labor union Solidarity: he became president of poland and eliminated police
Iraq war Longest conventional war in the 20th century
Putin Russian president that was elected after Yeltsin retired
Taliban fundamentalist Muslim group, gained power, restored order, but imposed an extreme form of Islam on Afghanistan, supported al-Qaeda
containment a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate peacefully
glasnost Policy of openness initiated by Gorbachev in the 1980s that provided increased opportunities for freedom of speech, association and the press in the Soviet Union.
Strategic Defense Initiative This was Regan's proposed high-tech, anti-nuclear missile, defense system. It was said to be scientiffically impossible. It was nicknamed "Star Wars."
ho chi minh Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South vietnam until 1975
Warsaw Pact An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO
Marshall Plan a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)
Havel Czech dramatist and statesman whose plays opposed totalitarianism and who served as president of Czechoslovakia
1991 Persian Gulf War
Wahhabism a conservative and intolerant form of Islam that is practiced in Saudi Arabia
Commonwealth of Independent States confederacy of independent states of the former soviet union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs
perestroika an economic policy adopted in the former Soviet Union
Berlin Blockade April 1, 1948 - Russia under Stalin blockaded Berlin completely in the hopes that the West would give the entire city to the Soviets to administer.
Nasser Egyptian statesman who nationalized the Suez Canal (1918-1870)
Brezhnev Doctrine Policy proclaimed in 1968 and declaring that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any Socialist country whenever it determined there was a need.
Milosevic Yugoslavian dictator that used Serbian nationalism to strengthen his position.
Reagan 40th republican with a strong anti-communist view. influenced fall of communism. talked with Gorbachev to end Cold War
Berlin Wall a wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West
solidarity Polish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe.
The Hungarian Uprising Hungary established democratic doctrine government, soviets attack and take over. Neither the US nor the UN helped.
Castro Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)
Saddam Hussein - Was a dictator in Iraq who tried to take over Iran and Kuwait violently in order to gain the land and the resources. He also refused to let the UN into Iraq in order to check if the country was secretly holding weapons of mass destruction.
Radical Islamism name given by scholars to those who strictly interpret Islam and its teachings; rejected the ideas of the Western world
Prague Spring was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union
Khomeini leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution
Ceausescu Romanian leader, ruthless, anti-revolutionist so the people end up killing him
fifth french republic Enhanced the power of the President: Charles de Gaule.1958. Came out during the Algerian Civil War.
Indian National Conference founded 1885, also called Congress party; fought for democracy with peaceful protest, maybe for self-rule
Ethnic Cleansing the mass expulsion and killing of one ethic or religious group in an area by another ethnic or religious group in that area
al qaeda a network of Islamic terrorist organizations, led by Osama bin Laden.
Chechnya ethnic republic that declared its independence in September 1991, against which Yeltsin launched a disastrous full-scale military attack in 1994 which led to the death of thousands of civilians
North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949 alliance of nations that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved
Nixon he promised to pull American troops out of Vietnam and won the Democratic nomination in 1972
Gorbachev Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms
Fall of Saigon 1975 Marked the end of the Vietnam War in April, [1975] when North Vietnamese invaded South Vietnam, forcing all Americans left to flee in disarray as the capitol was taken
Disintegration of yugoslavia war among many ethnics groups which lived in yugoslavia. These groups all vied for supreme power over the government and religious belief. The war ended when the country split and collapsed.
Cuban Missile Crisis the 1962 confrontation bewteen US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the united states that killed thousands of people at the twin towers and the pentagon
Gandhi political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule
1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
1979 Iranian Revolution
National Liberation Front political arm of the Viet Cong, communist guerrilla fighters backed by the North Vietnamese in South Vietnam
Suez Crisis Nasser took over the Suez Canal to show separation of Egypt from the West, but Israel, the British, Iraq, and France were all against Nasser's action. The U.S. stepped in before too much serious fighting began.
John F. Kennedy the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963
Israeli State 1948, when israel was given land to become an independent state
jihad a doctrine within Islam. Commonly translated as "Holy War," Jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up the religious standards set by the Qu'ran.
Cold War This period of time following World War II is where the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers and faced off in an arms race that lasted nearly 50 years.
detente relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China
George W. Bush 1946 - 43rd president of the US who began a campaign toward energy self-sufficiency and against terrorism in 2001
Peaceful Coexistence agreement between opposing countries that they will compete with one another but will avoid war
Tito Yugoslav statesman who led the resistance to German occupation during World War II and established a communist state after the war
Jinnah an Indian Muslim politician and leader of the All India Muslim League who founded Pakistan and served as its first Governor-General