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Definitions |
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tendons
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attach muscles to bones
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negative feedback
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A change in variable being monitored triggers control mechanism to counteract further change in the same direction.
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physiology
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study of functions an organism performs
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cartilage
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a firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue
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fibroblasts
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secretes the protein ingedients of the extracellular fibers
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blood
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plasma; red and white blood cells; platelets (cell fragments)
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striated muscle
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Skeletal, voluntary, and cardiac muscle, distinguished from smooth muscle by transverse striations of the fibers.
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positive feedback
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A change in variable being monitored triggers control mechanism to counteract further change in the same direction.
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standard metabolic rate
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number of kcal an ectotherm "burns" at a specific temp. ; when resting, fasting, unstressed
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metabolic rate
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The amount of energy an organism needs to maintain basic life functions.
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fibrous connective tissue
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tissue thats very dense; consists of tendons and ligaments
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adipose tissue
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stores fat for fuel; pads and insulates body
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simple epithelium
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single layer of cells
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vasodilation
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increase in the diameter of superficial blood vessels triggered by nerve signals that relax
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loose connective tissue
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Binds epithelia to other tissue; holds organ in place
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organs
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tissues are organized into this
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endotherm
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bodies are warmed mostly by heat generated by metabolism, and body temp. is maintained.
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(kilo)calories
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used to express the heat output of an organism and the fuel or energy value of food.
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mucous membrane
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internal lining of the surface of the nossse
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homeostasis
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keeping the internal environment at constant conditions even when external conditions change.
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muscle tissue
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Most abundant tissue in most animals; Made of muscle fibers -contract when stimulated by nerve signals; Contain large numbers of microfilaments (myofibrils) made up of actin and myosin - contractile proteins
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chondrocytes
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a cartilage cell
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macrophages
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amoeboid cells that engulf foreign particles and the debris of dead cells by phagocytosis
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smooth muscle
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"Involuntary" muscles (churning of stomach); Found in walls of digestive tract, bladder, arteries, and other internal organs
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epithelial tissue
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covers outside of body; lines organs and cavities within body
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abdominal cavity
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houses the abdomen, diapraghm and kidney
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thoracic cavity
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houses the lungs and heart which are separated from the lower abdominal cavity by the diapraghm muscle
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reticular fibers
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made of collagen; joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues
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ligaments
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join bones together at joints
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vasoconstriction
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reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diameter of superficial vessels
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pseudostratified epithelium
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single layer of cells that looks like it has multiple layers
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neuron
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a specialized nerve cell that transmits nerve impulses
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nervous tissue
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senses stimuli and transmits signals from one part of an animal to another
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bone
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mineralized connective tissue
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tissues
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groups of cells with a common structure and function
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thermoregulation
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Maintain internal temperature within tolerable range; balance of heat loss.
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cuboidal
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epithelium that are cylinder-like
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columnar
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epithelium that are column-like
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interstitial fluid
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Internal fluid of vertebrate cells that fills spaces between cells; responsible of maintainging homeostasis.
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basal metabolic rate
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number of kcal an endotherm "burns" ; when resting, unstressed
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anatomy
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study of structure of an organism
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stratified epithelium
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multiple layers of cells
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organ systems
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organs are organized into this
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collagenous fibers
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made of collagen; do not tear easily; keep skin from tearing from bone
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squamous
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epithelium that are square-like
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osteoblasts
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a bone-forming cell
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cardiac muscle
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Forms contractile wall of heart; Contracts heart
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bioenergetics
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the flow of energy through an animal
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connective tissue
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Binds and supports other tissues; few, scattered cells
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elastic fibers
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made of elastin; restores skin to normal shape
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skeletal muscle
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responsible for voluntary movements of body; striated
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osteon
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harversian system
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ectotherm
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bodies gain heat mostly from external sources
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