| Terms |
Definitions |
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Are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and imitation aspects of the information processing theory?
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yes
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this is when the last number in a counting sequence denotes the number of objects
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cardinality principle
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Is Piaget's theory consistent in performance?
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no
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this style of speaking refers to naming objects, persons, or actions
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referential style
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When new experiences fit into existing schemes it is called what?
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assimilation
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emotional and physical reactions to unfamiliar stimulus causes what?
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orienting response
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this style of speaking refers to statements that resemble single words
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expressive style
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Lev Vygotsky was intrested in cognitive development and what. . .
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culture
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Scaffolding involves giving . . .
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just enough assistance
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In Piagets Account, children make sense of the world through what?
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schemes
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What type of memory do preschoolers develop?
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autobiographical memory
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When 4 year olds know that living things move, grow, and heal themselves, Piaget would call this. . .
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naive biology
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What experiment best demonstrates the concept of egocentrism in preoperational thinking?
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the mountain experiments
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In Piagets Account, what are the 4 phases of changing schemes?
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1. physical 2. functional 3. conceptual 4. abstract
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the application of rules to words that are exceptions to the rules is called. . .
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overregularization
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by age 6, how many words does the child know?
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10,000 words
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When sensory information receives additional cognitive processing it is called . . .
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attention
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Piaget's theories are namely related to what type of development?
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Cognitive
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Vocabulary ranges from how many words to 250 at age of 18 mo
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25-250 words
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at what age can children remember past events, forget them, but remember them again with cues?
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2-3mo
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Vygotsky's theory of private speech states that private speech will become what?
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internalized(inner speech) and then THOUGHT
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infant directed speech is aka
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motherese
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What is required to benefit from experience?
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assimilation
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when schemes have to be modified as a consequence of new experiences, it is called what?
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accommodation
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leaving out of words and ending that make a sentence correct is called. . .
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grammatical morphemes
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how many new words can be learned each week?
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10 words
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defining words too narrow
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underextension
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knowing that numbers differ in size and being able to tell which is greater
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ordinality
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at 1 month babies can what sounds?
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distinguish between them
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what allows for dealing with completely new data or experience?
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accommodation
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this form of using only vowels that develops at the age of 2 mo is what?
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cooing
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what style of learning says that our behaviors are affected by their consequences?
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operant conditioning
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How many times does equilibration occur in ones development?
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3 times
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At 8 - 11 months, children incorporate what, which is changes in pitch typical of their language?
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intonation
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two and three word sentences is called what?
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telegraphic speech (18 mo)
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by 2 years of age, how many words does an infant know?
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a few hundred
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Within the Sensorimotor period, what are the 4 phases that occur after and during 1 year of age?
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1. behaving intentionally (8-12mo) 2. object permanance (8-18mo) 3. experimenting (12-18mo) 4. using symbols (18-24mo)
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the buliding blocks of speech
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phonemes
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Information Processing theory involves that two things?
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mental hardware and mental software
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What are the 4 stages of cognitive development and what are the typical ages for each?
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1. sensorimotor period (0-2yrs) 2. peroperational period (2-7yrs) 3. concrete operational period (7-11yrs) 4. formal operational period (11yr and up)
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What is the study theat investigates the age at which children learn there is conflict between current understanding and the true nature of objects
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naive physics - Piaget
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What are 3 alternate explanations(downfalls) for performance during the preoperational phase in Piaget's theory
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1. language development 2. poor memory 3. locomotor skills
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The preoperational phase to Piaget's account includes these three key concepts. . .
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1. egocentrism 2. centration 3. appearance is reality
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Habituation is the what of the reaction to a new stimulus?
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lessening of the reaction
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bababababab is an example of what that occurs around 6 mo
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babbling
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defining words too broadly
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overextension
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This is when there is a name for each object counted
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one to one principle
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What experiemtn best demonstrates the concept of centration in preoperational thinking?
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the conservation experiemnts/problems
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At what age can children differentiate between animate and inanimate objects?
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12-15mo
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What is the balance between assimilation and accomodation called?
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equilibrium
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This is when numbered names must be counted in the same order
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stable order principle
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Disequilibrium occurs when there is more what?
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accommodation then assimilation
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this is the difference between what children can do with and without help from a more experience guide
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zone of proximal development
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Lare gains are made in learning when students are allowed to discover what?
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their own errors and inconsistencies
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when parents pay attention to what children are attracted to and provide guidance is what?
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joint attention
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