| Terms |
Definitions |
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Process
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the computational environment that includes the program, data, files, and other resources
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Multithreaded computation
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process defines a program and data, but having two different executions of the program in progress at the same time
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Thread status
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holds all the properties that are unique to the thread
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NT executive
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provides specific mechanisms for general object, memory, process, file, and device management
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Un-trusted software
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has not been subjected to such careful analysis, and the overall protection of the machine should not be dependant on the operation of this software
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File pointer
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associated with each instance of an open file
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Sequential computation
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idea that instructions should be written and processed in a sequential order
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Security policy
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defines the machine-specific strategy for managing access to resources
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Protection mechanisms
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tools that the OS provide to implement security policies chosen by the administrator
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Processor modes
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processor hardware mode bit is used to distinguish between instruction execution on behalf of an OS and a User
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User mode
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can only execute a subset of the instruction
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Modern process
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multiple execution engines allowed in each process
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Memory manager
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cooperates with the process manager to administer allocation and use of the primary memory resource
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Byte stream file
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a named sequential collection of bytes (POSIX file)
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Application programming interface (API)
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set of function calls implemented by any given software package
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Mode bit
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defines the execution capability of a program on the processor
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Address space
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set of machine components mainly memory addresses that could be referenced by the execution engine
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Thread (lightweight process)
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each execution engine component
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File
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a named, linear stream of bytes of information that are kept on a device
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NT Kernel
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layer of abstraction for function implementation
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Virtual memory
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allows the abstract machines primary memory to appear larger than the physical machines memory
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Base thread
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system call created processes to execute the child process
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Device drivers
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implement the aspects of device management that are unique to each device type
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Classic process
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when operating systems only allows one execution engine in each process
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Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)
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isolates the NT Kernel from hardware differences
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Microkernel
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unless it was absolutely necessary for a function to be trusted, it should be implemented outside the kernel
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Windows system
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software module that uses the services implemented in the NT Kernel and Executive to implement more abstract services
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Resources
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all components (physical and logical) of the abstract machine that are needed to execute a program
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Trusted software
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has been carefully written and debugged at the time the OS is created or updated
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Initial process
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execution instructions stored in memory for boot time
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Operating system responsibilities
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create an abstract machine environment with multiple, autonomous abstract components. Coordinate the use of the components according to the policies of the machine’s administrator
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Exclusive use of resources
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resource isolation, allowing a process’s resources to save information without fear that the information will be altered or copied
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Message passing system call approach
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user process constructs a message (request that is desired) uses OS send() system call to pass the message to a trusted OS process
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Performance
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OS is as efficient as possibly is use of machine resources
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Binary program
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a representation of the algorithm that can be directly executed by the computer hardware
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Stack
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abstract data structure based on the principles of LIFO
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Algorithm
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a collection of instructions along with the sequential order in which they should be executed
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Kernel
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trusted software module that supports the correct operation of all other software
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Dynamically installable module
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can be compiled and installed on a running version of the kernel
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Source program
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an algorithm that has been encoded by a programming language to be complete and unambiguous
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Supervisor mode
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the processor can execute every instruction in its hardware repertoire; these instructions are referred to as supervisor, privileged, or protected instructions
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