| Terms |
Definitions |
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Ohio
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hioO
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D
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e
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prime meridian
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mountain (greek)
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oros, oreos
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der Rhein
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the Rhine
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barbarians
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people without civilized customs
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unsaturated air
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hold more water
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Boers
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Afrikaner frontier farmers, white descendants of South Africa’s original European colonists. P546
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aquaculture
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man-made ponds to culture fish
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azimunthal projection
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accurate= distance from centerinaccurate= direction, area, shape
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Highest point above sea level
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Mt. Everest
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Mercosur
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A trade organization that includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and two associate members (Bolivia and Chile). P222
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Acculturation
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society changes because it accepts innovation
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Gentrification
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terms reffering to the displacement that results when wealthier people acquire property in low income and working class communities
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opposed the ratification of the Constitution
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anti-federalists
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Population Policy
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an official government strategy designed to affect any or all of several objectives, including the size, composition, and distribution of population.
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Truck farming
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Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because a truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.
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pastoralism
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The branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock
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benthos
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the biogeographic region that includes the bottom of a lake, sea, or ocean, and the littoral and supralittoral zones of the shore.
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meridians
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used to measure longitude, lines that run north to south. Another name for longitude.
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Location
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The position of anything on Earth's surface.
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How many Muslims are in Nigeria?
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55 million
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Shintoism
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Shinto is the natural spirituality of Japan and the Japanese people. The word Shinto ("Way of the Gods") was adopted from the written Chinese combining two kanji: "shin" meaning gods or spirits and "tō" (道?), or "do" meaning a philosophical path or study.
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A
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The economy of Spaina-has shifted from agriculture to industryb-has resulted in more trade with the coloniesc-is based on the Basque economyd-has shifted from industry to agriculture
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Urbanization
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The movement of people from rural areas into cities
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Longitude-
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Imaginary lines that cross the surface of the Earth, running from north to south, measuring how far east or west of the prime meridian a place is located.
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Mafic Minerals
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Minerals that contain magnesium and iron, often found in ocean crust. Crystallized at higher temperatures and higher densities than felsic
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What is the capital of Arkansas?
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Little Rock
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hierarchal
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phenomenon can be diffused from one location to another without necesaril sreading to ppl or places in between
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Sultanate
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similar to a monarchy, but a government in which the supreme power is in the hands of a sultan (the head of an Islamic country)
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tall, closely spaced broad leafed evergreen trees, well developed
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tropical rainforest
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ashanti
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A former native kingdom and British colony in W Africa: now a region of Ghana.
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ecosystem
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a group of plants and animals that depend on each other for survival, and the environment in which they live
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oral history
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stories passed down from generation to generation.
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holy river to the hindus?
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ganges river in india
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P and S Waves
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P-waves- primary waves, compressional, travel fast
S-waves: secondary waves, shear waves, travel slower
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17. Which map would show the most land, one of a state or city?
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State
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Name all of them
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Lithuania, Lavtia, Estonia, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Kyrgestan, Kazakstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Azerbajan, Armenia, Belarus, Uzbekistan
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Mohandas Ghandich21
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the “father of India”, started the concept and practice of non-violent civil disobedience. He led India to indepence from the UK, and inspired movements of civil rights across the world.
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market economy
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-ruled by laws of supply & demand
-mixed economy
--some govt. regulation
example) no monopolies
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Dissolved Load
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Ions of rock material help in solution
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intervening opportunities
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the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly dimishes the attractivness of sites farther away
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Ferrous Metals
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including iron ore, that are utilized in the production of iron and steel.
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super cooled water
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fine water molecules in atmosphere that stay liquid form until -45 C
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aral sea
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aAn inland sea between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, E of the Caspian Sea. 26,166 sq. mi. 67,770 sq. km.
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Mobility by Poverty
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People living in poverty are more likely to move short distances in the same area. People with more money are likely to own a house and stay in that area.
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permafrost
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This is when only the top layers of snow thaw, leaving the lower layers of snow frozen all year.
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What do cartograms show?
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The magnitudes of variables by changing areas - intentional distortion is used.
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caste system
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a social hierarchy in which people are born into a particular group that has been given a distinct rank in society
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Subduction
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the action or process of the edge of one crustal plate descending below the edge of another
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rock flour
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silt or clay size particle created by the glacier
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perceptual/vernacular regions
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a place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
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Whch of these concepts or ideas is a good example of centripetal force?
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A,B,C
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channel
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the bed of a stream, river, or other waterway.
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What is a key ingredient in social and political space construction?
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Human Territory
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Irish Republican Army
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The Irish Republican Army (IRA) was an Irish republican revolutionary military organisation. It was descended from the Irish Volunteers, an organisation established on 25 November 1913.
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Immigrate
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To move to a country. People who move to another country are called immigrants.
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rate of natural increase
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natural growth rate of a population which is CBR minus CDR expressed as a percentage
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sahel
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the arid area on the S flank of the Sahara desert that stretches across six countries from Senegal to Chad.
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What is the mediterranean climate?
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a distinct dry season during the summer
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412 Term for the world of the Cold War which pitted NATO against the Warsaw Pact
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Bipolar World
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What are four reasons there are high birth rates in Stage 1?
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1. agricultural societies2. parent survival enhanced3. living space/food cheap4. more farm labor
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Which way are the winds of a wave cyclone in the warm sector?
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primarily southwesterly to southerly
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After WW 2 ended, millions of people were forced to migrate because of
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changes in the boundaries of states.
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Why did cities emerge along the fall line in the southern U.S.?
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So that they could use water power from streams to power their mills
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Mississippi
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Jackson
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Cameroon
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Yaounde
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rhumb line
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New Mexico
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Sante Fe
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Read
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news report 11.1
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Largest country in Europe
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Russia
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Map's Purposes
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-storing reference material-communicating geographic information
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PERSPECTIVE
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Is your point of view.
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San Marino
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The world's oldest republic
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394 Chile’s state shape
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Elongated state
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Confucianism
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political theory, theory of human nature, sages, Sinic Asia
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what was buddhas real name?
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prince sidhartha
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Eritrea
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Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast.
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intensive agriculture
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cultivation of small landholdings through the expenditure of great amounts of labor
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Irrawaddy River
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Runs through Burma
Burma's largest river
Important for commercial reasons
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Number of births per thousand people?
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Birthrate
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Possibilism
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the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
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Commodity Chains
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-(e.g. agribusiness) a sequential process used by firms to gather resources, transform them into goods or commodities and, finally, distribute them to consumers.
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paleolithic
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of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the cultures of the late Pliocene and the Pleistocene epochs, or early phase of the Stone Age, which appeared first in Africa and are marked by the steady development of stone tools and later antler and bone artifac
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reformation
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a movement in europe to reform christianity in the 1500s
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When did Mexico win it's independence from Spain?
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1821
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Famine
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A great shortage of food. P613
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Centrifugal Forces
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Those cultural and political forces such as linguistic minorities, separatists, and fringe groups that pull away from and weaken an existing nation-state.
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LATITUDE
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THE ANGULAR DISTANCE MEASURED EAST TO WEST AND USUALLY EXPRESSIN DEGREES OR HOURS, MINUETES AND SECONDS FROM THE PRIMER MERIDAN, DEFINED TO BE IN gREENWICH IN eNGLAND, THE MERIDAN PASSING THROUGH ANOTHER POSITION OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE
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Language Diffusion
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10,000 languages for 1 million6,000 languages for 7 billion people
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Which country conquered Wales in 1284 and is a strong influence?
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ENGLAND
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Solifluctuation
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when the upper layer of permaforst thaws out a mass movement of saturated soil moves downslope
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What is the capital of Federated States of Micronesia?
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Palikir
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Environmental Perception
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The total impression individuals have of their surroundings.
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von thunen
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was a prominent nineteenth century economist.
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In the ______ Kaboki plays developed
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17th century
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Development indicators
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health, wealth and social statistics that show the level of development in a country.
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polar climate
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the climate of the earth's polar regions,
characterized by short summers and long winters
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Role of Gravity
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Power behind, Rainfalls, water flows, ice glides, wind blows, and wave breaks.
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landforms:
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shapes that make up the surface of Earth
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Biological dispersal
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A species movement away from an existing population or away from the parent organism. Through simply moving from one habitat patch to another, the dispersal of an individual has consequences not only for individual fitness, but also for population dynamics, population genetics, and species distributions.
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Delta
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A low fan shape plain formed gravel, silt, sand and clay deposited at a rivers mouth where is slows to meet another body of water.
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Universalizing Religion
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faiths that claim applicability to all humans and that seek to transmit their beliefs through missionary work and conversation.
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What is the most important river in Europe?
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Rhine
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alluvium
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sand and mud which builds up in temporary lakes called playas at the bottom of hillsides
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Weather and Climate
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"Climate is what you expect, Weather is what you get."
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origin of the word "soccer"
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developed from Football Association
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secondary economic activity
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changing natural resources into new products
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What are 3 types of heterotrophs?
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herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
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chernozem
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a soil common in cool or temperate semiarid climates, very black and rich in humus and carbonates.
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canal
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a channel that is dug across land to connect to bodies of water
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In 1997 the UNHCR reported how many refugees in GUinea and Ivory Coast?
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1.5 million
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***which continent are the world's 3 largest population concentrations located?
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Asia or Eurasia
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Urban gardens
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garndens in the Urban region to grow food
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Autarky
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a system in which a country tries to produce all the goods that it needs
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What was the Raj
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Focus on British imperial shifted from trade and territorial control to social reform and cultural imperialism.
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Old-age cohort
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members of the population 65 years of age and older who are considered beyond their economically active and productive years
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European Model
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-: a state model based on inviolable territory (after the Peace of Westphalia), governmental sovereignty ), permanent population with a national culture, and a state capital. This model was spread globally due to the Age of Exploration (and Colonization).
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multilingual
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using or able to speak several or many languages with some facility.
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prevailing westerlies
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winds that blow from W-E in the middle of latitudes
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Where is Sub-Saharan Africa?
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portion of the African continent that is south of the Sahara desert
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Import-Substitution Method of Economic Growth
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Policy of protecting domestic infant industries
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migration
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a long term move of a person from one political jurisdiction to another
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Tierra Templada
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the elevation zone of the Andes , just above the tierra caliente, which has mild climates
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What was the Renaissance?
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The goldan age inspired by art and science
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hierrchical diffusion
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A form of difusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples.
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What is the Cyrillic alphabet?
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based on the greek language for slavic speaking and used by Orthodox church
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Line of Latitude
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Line that run east and west on a map or globe, but measure North and south of the equator
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what is the relationship between the dip and strike
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always at right angles to each other
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What happens in the making of soil if temp and precip. differ?
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you will yield different soils, even from the same parent material
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mentifacts
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beliefs
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landscape
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hilly
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New Jersey
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Trenton
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region
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location of something
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archielago
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chain of islands
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NON- Renewable
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Solar Energy• Solar Photovoltaic’s • Solar Thermal Power Passive Solar Air and Water Heating Wind Hydropower Biomass Ocean energy Geothermal Waste to Energy
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glacier
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thick sheet of ice
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solstice
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marks beginning of summer, winter
Rays directly overhead at noon at furthest points north and south
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Scale-
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The proportional relationship between a linear measurement on a map and the distance it represents on the Earth's surface.
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Neighborhood changes in ethnicityare best explained by the promoting of
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blockbusting
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symbol
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something that stands for something else
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uninhabitable
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Not capable of supporting human settlement
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geopolitics
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the effects of the location/spatial properties of a place on its political situation.
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Peninsula
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Long, narrow stretch of land surrounded by water
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basin
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lower area of land, generally surrounded by mountains
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Growth poles
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economic activities that are deliberately organized around one or more high-growth industries.
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very absorbent condensation nuclei, usually of sulfate and nitrate crystals
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hygroscopic nuclei
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climate
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pattern of weather over many years
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Isostatic
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Changes in sea level resulting from the rise and fall of land masses.
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benghazi
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(32°N 20°E) major coastal city in Libya
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Mount Mayon, 1984
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- Subduction caused Stratovolcano- Since 1616 more than 1,500 people have been killed during 40 recorded deadly eruptions. - Pyroclastic flows roll down mountains, sending pyroclastic material, hot gas, and intermixed air up in to cooler air providing time for heat to dissipate and for pyroclastics to cool and be spread.
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What is animal husbandry?
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the care of livestock
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quaternary activites
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"white collar" professional workers in education, government, management, reasearch
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Scotland
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a country in northern Great Britain and the United Kingdom; capital, Edinburgh; languages, English (official) and the Scottish form of Gaelic. Celtic peoples settled here during the Bronze and early Iron ages. In 1997, they voted to establish a devolved parliament with tax-raising powers. Their economy has benefited in the 20th century from the discovery of North Sea oil
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Richter scale
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Measures the strength of the earthquake
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rai
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A form of popular Algerian music combining traditional Arabic vocal styles with various elements of popular Western music and featuring outspoken, often controversial lyrics
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Sharecropper
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Works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops.
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rust belt
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northern industrial states in which heavy industry was once the dominant economic activity in the 60s~80s. these states lost much of their economic base to other regions of the us and to countries where labor was cheaper, leaving old machinery to rust.
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Remote Sensing
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method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments (e.g., satellites) that are physically distant from the area or object of study.
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inlet
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an indentation of a shoreline, usually long and narrow; small bay or arm.
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How many calories are required to change 1 gram of liquid water to vapor?
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540 calories
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What is the central question called for how cultures and nature interact?
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Cultural ecology
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What does subsistence farming not enter?
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The cash economy
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Secondary Sector
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The secondary sector of the economy includes those economic sectors that create a finished, usable product: manufacturing and construction. This sector generally takes the output of the primary sector and manufactures finished goods or where they are suitable for use by other businesses, for export, or sale to domestic consumers. This sector is often divided into light industry and heavy industry.
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diffusion barrier
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– any condition that hinders the flow of information, the movement of people or the spread of an innovation
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Hydropolitics
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politics over who gets the supply of water, happens especially when dams are buils
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Continental Shelf
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An area of relatively shallow water that surrounds most continents before the continental slope drops more sharply to the deep-sea floor
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Atmospheric Compression
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increases in CO2 and methane, which makes the earth warmer
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Among his ships were the Hopewell, Discovery, and Half Moon and he was set adrift by mutiny in 1611 in Hudson Bay
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Henry Hudson
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372 That part of the cultural landscape that can be attributed to a particular ethnic group
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Ethnic Landscape
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"seperate but equal" doctrine was legally established by
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plessy v. fergusson
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in the _____ indo-aryans crosssed the narrow strait seperating india from sri lanka.
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6th century
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Community tourism
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tourism that has close contact, and mainly benefits, local communities.
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non-renewable resource
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a material found in nature that cannot be replaced, such as oil, coal and natural gas
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Longitude
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A line that goes back and forth, East and West of the prime merridean, measured in degrees
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where is the highest consumption of organic products?
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Europe and US
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push factors of migration
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negative home conditions that might impel the decision to migrate
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Tropic of Cancer
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the parallel of latitude that is approximately 231⁄2 degrees north of the equator and that is the northernmost latitude reached by the overhead sun.
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synoptic weather forecasting
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forecasting what will happen in an area, based on what is happening now in an area \"upwind\"
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demographic transition model
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a sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth a death rates through time
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Gross National Income
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GDP + any income that residents receive from foreign investment- any money paid out of the country to foreign investors
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western wall
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wailing wall only remaing piece of temple after destruction by romans in 70AD
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JF- What is the term for the large scale production of food crops and livestock that usually uses machinery?
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commercial agriculture
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Name some patterns in geographical patterns of Biodiversity.
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-Global scale pattern: plant biodiversity greatest in tropics/low latitudes due to "Primary productivity"- high sunlight/rain-Perhaps disturbance @ high latitudes- Ice ages, primary productivity is main theory.
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Liege is a _____ in the country of _______?
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City, Belgium.
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What are Formal Regions?
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All members share one or more characteristics with eachother.
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3 differences between ocean and atmosphere
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atmosphere heated from below, ocean from above (affects stability); density is very different, specific heat capacity is very different
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How big is LA sewar system>
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6,500 miles, 600 spills/yr. Report card for coast scores on e. Coli.-SMURRF- $9 million
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What is distinct about each of the earth's internal layers?
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chemical composition or temperature
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Outbound Tourism in Eastern Europe During Communist Era
(2)
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Wanted to minimize contact with the West
Difficult even within the Bloc
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what two states in teh US are officially bilingual?
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New Mexico (spanish and english) Hawaii (hawaiian and english)
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In what ways is southern Mexico the country's most traditional region?
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Village life has changed a little, Substistence agriculture, Native languages, and handcrafts make up alot of their income.
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65. Draw a map symbol for a park, a library, and a school.
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Student has to do this one on paper.
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