Complete List of Terms and Definitions for gly final
| Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| LAHAR | VOLCANIC MUDFLOW |
| ostracoderms | early armored fish |
| MARBLE | NON FOLIATED- METAMORPHOSED LIMESTONE |
| cyclothems | carbonifersous repeditive cyclic deposits of marine and terrestrial sediments indicating periods of marine transgression and regression |
| Lithosphere | Earth's rocky outer shell |
| TENSIONAL STRESS | PULLS ROCK BODY APART |
| GLACIAL EFFECTS | CRUSTAL SUBSIDENCE AND REBOUNDSEA-LEVEL CHANGESCHANGES TO RIVERS AND VALLEYSICE DAMS |
| Atmosphere | -sphere where gases are found |
| Earth's Subsystems | atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, pedosphere, and lithosphere |
| ALLUVIAL CHANNELS | CUT INTO SEDIMENT PREVIOUSLY DEPOSITED |
| MORRANIES | LATERAL- LEFT FROM GLACIER PATHMEDIAL- GLACIERS JOIN TOGETHER A FLOW END- ROUND AREA COVERED BY GLACIER DEBRIGROUND- LAYER OF UNSORTED GLACIAL SEDIMENT DEPOSITED AS GLACIER RETREATS. |
| SEDIMENT | PARTICLES CREATED BY WEATHERING AND EROSION OF ROCK, BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION FROM SOLUTION IN WATER OR FROM THE SECRETIONS OF ORGANISIMS AND TRRANSPORTED BY WATER WIND OR GLACIERS. |
| GNEISS | FOLIATED- LIGHT AND DARK MINERALS ALTERNATING IN BANDS- DOES NOT SPLIT EASY |
| BRECCIA | SEDIMENTARY ROCK COMPOSED OF ANGULAR FRAGMENTS THAT WERE LITHIFIED. |
| CALDERA | LARGE, FAULT BOUNDED VOLCANIC CRATER FORMED BY THE COLLAPSE OF A VOLCANIC VENT INTO A PARTIALLY EVACUATED MAGMA CHAMBER |
| PORPHYRITIC | IGNEOUS TEXTURES RESULT FROM MATERIAL EJECTED FROM EXPLOSIVE VOLCANOES |
| Carboniferous coal swamp trees with leaf scars | cycads |
| byrophytes treacheophytes | two basic land plant types |
| Convergent | lithosphere collides at active margins (subduction of oceanic crust) |
| GREENHOUSE EFFECT | THE TRANSMISSION OF SHORTWAVE SOLAR RADIATION BY THE ATMOSPHERE COUPLED WITH THE SELECTIVE ABSOPTION OF LONGER WAVE LENGTH TERRESTRIAL RADIATION ESPECIALLY BY WATER VAPOR AND CARBON DIOXIDE RESULTING IN WARMING OF THE ATMOSPHERE. |
| LAVA DOMES | FELSIC (GRANITIC) MAGMAS BECAUSE OF THEIR HIGH VISCOSITY OFTEN EXUDE ONLY A SHORT DISTANCE OUT OF THE VOLCANIC VENT BEFORE THEY SOLIDIFY WITHIN THE CRATER FORMING LAVA DOMES |
| REGIONAL METAMORPHISM | THE MOST EXTENSIVE FORM OF MERAMORPHISM OCCURS DURING MOUNTAIN BUILDING ALONG BOUNDARIES OF COLLIDING CONTINENTAL PLATES. |
| BASALITIC MAGMAS | 1.FORM MAINLY IN THE EARTHS MANTLE.2.TEND TO ERUPT IN OCEAN OR ISLANDS3.CONATIN DARK SILICATES4.LOW IN SILICA5.LOW VISCOSITY6.FOR HAWAIIAN TYPE VOLCANOES (NON EXPOLSIVE)7.FORM THE ROCK BASALT IF REACHING THE SURFACE8.FOR GABBRO BELOW SURFACE. |
| APHANITIC TEXTURE | FINE GRAINED IGNEOUS ROCKS TYPICALLY FORM AT THE EARTHS SURFACE AND RESULT FROM RAPID COOLING |
| HYDROTHERMAL METAMORPHISM | RESULTS FROM CIRCULATION OF ION-RICH FLUIDS AFTER MAGMA COOLS |
| INTERIOR DRAINAGE | A DISCONTINUOUS PATTERN OF INTERMITTEN STREAMS THAT DO NOT FLOW TO THE OCEAN |
| CORDILLERAN OROGENY | CONSISTED OF THREE SEPERATE MOUNTIAN BUILDING EPISODES THAT MOVED PROGRESSIVLEY EAST |
| Soil Forming Factors | Climate, Organic Activity, Relief, Parent Material, Time (CORPT) |
| Hydrolysis | H2CO3 + silicate minerals = clay mineralsClay can't hold water well |
| IMPACT METAMORPHISM | RESULTS FROM EXTREME HEAT AND PRESSURE AT POINT OF METEORITE IMPACT |
| AQUATARD | LAYER OF ROCK OR SOUL THAT INHIBITS THE MOVEMENT OF WATER |
| overkill by humansclimate change | theories affecting extinction in pleistocene |
| Carbonates | combinations of a metal with the CO3 ion (calcite) |
| BRITTLE DEFORMATION | LOSS OF STRENGTH BY A MATERIAL IN SUDDEN FRACTURING |
| DETRIAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS | ROCKS THAT FORM FROM THE ACCUMULATION OF MATERIALS THAT ORIGINATED AND ARE TRANSPORTED AS SOLID PARTICLES DERIVED FROM BOTH MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL WEATHERING. SHALE SANDSTONE CONGLOMERATE/BRECCIA. |
| pleistocene (initially started in cretaceous) | when last major glaciation occurred |
| MASS WASTING RATES | 1. FAST - SLUMP, ROCK SLIDED, DEBRIS FLOW, EARTHFLOWS. 2. SLOW - CREEP, SOLIFLUCTION (WATER MAKING MATTER UNSTABLE) |
| RATES OF WEATHERING | IS A FUNCTION OF CLIMATE AND ROCK CHARACTERISTICS. |
| WIND DEPOSITS | 1. SAND DUNES - A HILL OR RIDGE OF WIND DEPOSITED SAND.2. CROSS BEDS- LAYERS INCLINED AT AN ANGLE FORMED BY WIND CURRENTS2. SILT LOESS- DEPOSITS OF WINDBLOWN SILT, NO LAYERS, BUFF COLORED, VERTICAL CLIFF. |
| Some fossils indicate some dinosaurs had feathers2 some have large brain compaired to body sizefossils found in mountain areassome mature more rapid than cold blooded animals | evidence that some dinos were warm blooded |
| @font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } Where are the biggest problems of Groundwater Depletion? |
@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "ＭＳ ゴシック"; }@font-face { font-family: "Verdana"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel1, li.MsoNoteLevel1, div.MsoNoteLevel1 { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel1CxSpFirst, li.MsoNoteLevel1CxSpFirst, div.MsoNoteLevel1CxSpFirst { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel1CxSpMiddle, li.MsoNoteLevel1CxSpMiddle, div.MsoNoteLevel1CxSpMiddle { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel1CxSpLast, li.MsoNoteLevel1CxSpLast, div.MsoNoteLevel1CxSpLast { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel2, li.MsoNoteLevel2, div.MsoNoteLevel2 { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel2CxSpFirst, li.MsoNoteLevel2CxSpFirst, div.MsoNoteLevel2CxSpFirst { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel2CxSpMiddle, li.MsoNoteLevel2CxSpMiddle, div.MsoNoteLevel2CxSpMiddle { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel2CxSpLast, li.MsoNoteLevel2CxSpLast, div.MsoNoteLevel2CxSpLast { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel3, li.MsoNoteLevel3, div.MsoNoteLevel3 { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel3CxSpFirst, li.MsoNoteLevel3CxSpFirst, div.MsoNoteLevel3CxSpFirst { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel3CxSpMiddle, li.MsoNoteLevel3CxSpMiddle, div.MsoNoteLevel3CxSpMiddle { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel3CxSpLast, li.MsoNoteLevel3CxSpLast, div.MsoNoteLevel3CxSpLast { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel4, li.MsoNoteLevel4, div.MsoNoteLevel4 { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel4CxSpFirst, li.MsoNoteLevel4CxSpFirst, div.MsoNoteLevel4CxSpFirst { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel4CxSpMiddle, li.MsoNoteLevel4CxSpMiddle, div.MsoNoteLevel4CxSpMiddle { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel4CxSpLast, li.MsoNoteLevel4CxSpLast, div.MsoNoteLevel4CxSpLast { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel5, li.MsoNoteLevel5, div.MsoNoteLevel5 { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel5CxSpFirst, li.MsoNoteLevel5CxSpFirst, div.MsoNoteLevel5CxSpFirst { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel5CxSpMiddle, li.MsoNoteLevel5CxSpMiddle, div.MsoNoteLevel5CxSpMiddle { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel5CxSpLast, li.MsoNoteLevel5CxSpLast, div.MsoNoteLevel5CxSpLast { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel6, li.MsoNoteLevel6, div.MsoNoteLevel6 { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel6CxSpFirst, li.MsoNoteLevel6CxSpFirst, div.MsoNoteLevel6CxSpFirst { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel6CxSpMiddle, li.MsoNoteLevel6CxSpMiddle, div.MsoNoteLevel6CxSpMiddle { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel6CxSpLast, li.MsoNoteLevel6CxSpLast, div.MsoNoteLevel6CxSpLast { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel7, li.MsoNoteLevel7, div.MsoNoteLevel7 { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 3.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel7CxSpFirst, li.MsoNoteLevel7CxSpFirst, div.MsoNoteLevel7CxSpFirst { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 3.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel7CxSpMiddle, li.MsoNoteLevel7CxSpMiddle, div.MsoNoteLevel7CxSpMiddle { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 3.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel7CxSpLast, li.MsoNoteLevel7CxSpLast, div.MsoNoteLevel7CxSpLast { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 3.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel8, li.MsoNoteLevel8, div.MsoNoteLevel8 { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 3.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel8CxSpFirst, li.MsoNoteLevel8CxSpFirst, div.MsoNoteLevel8CxSpFirst { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 3.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel8CxSpMiddle, li.MsoNoteLevel8CxSpMiddle, div.MsoNoteLevel8CxSpMiddle { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 3.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel8CxSpLast, li.MsoNoteLevel8CxSpLast, div.MsoNoteLevel8CxSpLast { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 3.75in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel9, li.MsoNoteLevel9, div.MsoNoteLevel9 { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 4.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel9CxSpFirst, li.MsoNoteLevel9CxSpFirst, div.MsoNoteLevel9CxSpFirst { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 4.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel9CxSpMiddle, li.MsoNoteLevel9CxSpMiddle, div.MsoNoteLevel9CxSpMiddle { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 4.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoNoteLevel9CxSpLast, li.MsoNoteLevel9CxSpLast, div.MsoNoteLevel9CxSpLast { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 4.25in; text-indent: -0.25in; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0in; }ul { margin-bottom: 0in; } · northern and eastern states- adequate groundwater supplies, usually not a problem · southwest U.S.- inadequate supplies, can be a big problem |
| zeolite |
clay-like mineral absorbed |
| radial |
drainage basin alluvial fan |
| fine-grained | particles suspended in the water |
| Ogallala | most important aquifer in US |
| How does running water begin? | sheetflow |
| Charles Lyell |
-(1830-1872) -gave better explanation of uniformitarianism than James Hutton -today we have to realize that processes have not always had the same relative importance or precisely the same rate -suggested a much longer Earth history -change tends to be relatively slow & cyclical! |
| crest | max stage during any flood event |
| Water ownership is generally different in the eastern US and western US. True or false? | True |
| The rock associated with the continents is... | Granite |
|
Causes of global water shortages include pollution and global warming. True or false? |
False |
| Natural hazards are natural events causing air pollution, global warming, and ozone depletion. True or false? | False |
| paradigm |
theory that has been extensively documented, is held with a very high degree of confidence, and is comprehensive in scope -e.g. plate techtonics |
| water wells | flowing, nonflowing, and non artesian wells |
| dams |
restrict travel will silt up so must be dredged can cause EQs extreme flooding salinity increases and the water is used for irrigation/salts build up in the soil |
|
How many more seismic stations besides yours would it take to pinpoint the epicenter of this earthquake? |
2 |
| The state landmark on the New Hampshire quarter became a victim of mass movement in 2003. True or false? | True |
| The buffering function of an ecosystem may provide protection from natural hazards. True or false? | True |
| Volcanic hazards include... | Lava, pyroclastics, lahars, and explosive eruptions |
| physical geography | studies the materials composing the Earth and seeks to understand the processes that shape it |
| River | any body of flowing water due to gravity and contained in a channel |
| competence | max. size of particles a stream can carry |
| Critical needs of reactive response and recovery are... |
emergency operations, medical attention, food, water, and shelter, communications |
| Permeability... |
What is the ability of a medium to transmit a fluid? |
| Population growth can be a cause of natural disasters. True or false? | True |
|
The upper surface of the saturated zone is the... |
water table |
| The modern theory of continental drift is attributed to... | Alfred Wegener |
| Characteristics of Slump: |
Material: Soil or debris Speed: Slow or fast |
| Horizontality and Continuity. | Strata usually form horizontal sheets Strata often form laterally extensive sheets. Subsequent erosion dissects once continuous layers. Flat-lying rock layers are unlikely to have been disturbed. |
| discharge area | area on the surface where water leaves the ground |
| Where has your instructor lived? | California, Colorado, Tennessee, and Florida |
| The scientific method includes the steps of... |
Observations, Formulation of a testable hypothesis, Development of a theory that explains the observations |
| How did the Earth originate? | Condensation from the Solar nebulae. |
| oceanic crust is consumed... | an ocean-ocean plate convergent plate boundary |
| New plate boundaries... | are created in response to changing tectonic forces |
| A leading contributor to earthflows in Haiti and Madagascar... | What is deforestation? |
| Material transported in a stream: |
Dissolved load, bed load, and suspended load |
| The primary erosional and depositional features of a meandering river are... | Cutbank and point bar |
| Storage and movement of groundwater is determined by... | permeability, aquitards, and aquifers |
| P and S waves arrive at your seismic station seven minutes apart. How far is your seismic station from the earthquake epicenter? (graph) | 4800 km |
| A way of qualifying earthquake intensity. | What is the Modified Mercali Index? |
| An earthquake's epicenter is... | the point on the Earth's surface above the earthquake focus |
| The movement of a mass of Earth material as a unit along a curved surface... | What is a slump? |
| Species richness in an ecosystem refers to... | The number of species of organisms inhabiting the ecosystem |
| What determines whether a volcanic eruption will "gentle" or violently explosive? | Silica content of the magma, volatile content, temperature, pressure |
| What circumstances led to the Dustbowl of the 1930's? | Prolonged La Niña causing a drought in the midcontinent |
| how old is the Earth & how do we know? |
- ~4.6Ga -radiometric dating |
| potable | drinkable water |
| James Hutton |
-(1726-1797) -uniformitarianist -wrote "Theory of the Earth" * * *-"the present is the key to the past" |
| zoning | no development on flood plains |
| Characteristics of Fall: |
Material: Rock Speed: Fast |
| What is geology? | "geo"=Earth and "ology"=discourse |
| flood plain | features of a flood plain |
| Average world population growth is 2.1% per year. True or False? | False |
| Your seismograph technician tells that an earthquake has been reported in the Pacific Ocean 9000 km from your station. How longer after the P wave arrived at your station did the S wave arrive? (graph) | 11 |
| Most earthquakes occur in continental interiors. True or false? | False |
| GeologicTime |
Uniformitarianism - The laws of science apply to the past and future as well as the present. Observed processes help us understand ancient events. Physical processes that we observe today operated in the same way in the geological ppast |
| porosity | % of the rock/soil that is airspace |
| Earthquake hazards include... |
Ground shaking and ground failure, Collapse of unreinforced masonry and soil liquefaction, Tsunamis and fires |
| Most damage from a natural hazard occurs in developing countries. | False |
| theory | a well-tested and widelt accepted view that the scientific community agrees best explains certain observable facts |
| sediment transport | all rivers carry solid sediment and dissolve sediment |
| Processes involved in the hydrologic cycle include... | evaporation, infiltration, precipitation, runoff |
| A watershed is an area that collects rainfall and so it can soak into the ground without runoff. True or false? | False |
| The atmospheric gas with the greatest greenhouse effect is... | water vapor |
|
About _____ of the water on Earth is fresh water available for use... |
0.61% |
| Factors that reduce biodiversity may include... |
Extreme habitat disturbances, Fragmentation of habitats and ecosystems, Intrusion of invasive exotic species |
| doppler effect |
Heard an ambulance go by recently? Remember how the siren's pitch changed as the vehicle raced towards, then away from you? First the pitch became higher, then lower. Originally discovered by the Austrian mathematician and physicist, Christian Doppler (1803-53), this change in pitch results from a shift in the frequency of the sound waves, -As the ambulance approaches, the sound waves from its siren are compressed towards the observer. The intervals between waves diminish, which translates into an increase in frequency or pitch. As the ambulance recedes, the sound waves are stretched relative to the observer, causing the siren's pitch to decrease. By the change in pitch of the siren, you can determine if the ambulance is coming nearer or speeding away. |
| recharge area | area on the surface where water enters the ground |
| Problems associated with over-pumping groundwater include... | subsidence, sinkholes, wells going dry, saltwater contamination |
| Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor. | What are common greenhouse gasses? |
| The age of the Earth is about... | 4600 million years |
| Evidence for seafloor spreading includes... |
Magnetic lineaments on the seafloor. The age of the seafloor increases away from mid-ocean ridges. Seamounts and guyouts. |
| Variations in the water table are caused by variations in... |
topography, rainfall, and permeability |
| We are presently living in an ice age. True or False? | True |
| FossilSuccession: RelativeAge |
Fossil are remnants or traces of once living organisms & are often preserved in sedimentary rocks. |
| How does magma form? | Partial melting of rocks in the mantle |
| A hotspot is... | A mantle plume that is in a fixed place on the Earth. |
| Seafloor magnetic stripes are caused by... | Periodic reversals of the Earth's magnetic field. |
| Apparent polar wandering is mostly caused by... | changes in the relative positions of the continents |
| Long Valley is a caldera. This means the summit opening is... | More than 1 km in diameter |
