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Complete list of Terms and Definitions for Goal 3

Terms Definitions
Security Council x
Scalawags Southerners often Republicans, who supported Reconstruction. Southern newspapers published their names to make sure that they suffered persecution at the hands of citizens and groups like the Ku Klux Klna.
Central Powers 1915- Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
XYZ Affair Incident between US diplomatic representatives and French ambassadors in which French demand a bribe and loan before they will discuss the issue with impressments with US representatives. US responds with "million for defense, but not one cent for tribute" and in 1798 creates the US navy and gives ships the right to seize French ships.
Culture Shock Feelings of confusion, disorientation, and anxiety that result from being immersed in a foreign culture
Laissez- faire Hands-off approach to governing. Approach to giverning that advocates no government regulation/ intervention in the economy. Often used to describe the pro-business republican presidents of the 1920s.
Emperor Hirohito Emperor of Japan during WWII.
Postwar Boom Developer William Levitt & Henry Kaiser used assembly-line methods to mass-produce houses
Fireside Chat Radio speeches giving Americans hope during the depression; given by FDR
Tariff Tax on imports.Major revenue of the U.S. government in the 19th century.
Presidential reconstruction Established by Andrew Johnson after Lincoln's death as his own reconsruction plan.
Sinclair Lewis • American novelist and playwright • Works were known for critical views of American society and capitalism
Copperheads a group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War
O.A.S. an association of countries in the western hemisphere
WACS The Women's Army Corp. 150,000 women served in the US Army during WWII.
Big Four France, Great Britain, Italy, US; accepted only #14 of Wilson's Fourteen Points
Alliance for Progress promoted economic assistance to Latin America to reduce their resentment to the U.S.
Jazz A style of music developed by African Americans during the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920's.
Rehabilitation Idea that punishment should be used to reform the imprisoned so that they may reenter society as productive citizens.
15th Amendment Guaranteed that no citizen may be denied the right to vote "by the United States or any state on the account of race, color or previous condition of servitude." Had Great impact in the South by guaranteeing African-Americans the right to vote.
Cultural Pluralism a condition in which many cultures coexist within a society and maintain their cultural differences.
Zora Neal Hurston • African-American writer during the Harlem Renaissance • She was also a supporter of Marcus Garvey and the United Negro Improvement Association
Aimee Semple McPherson • Popular 1920s evangelist • Founder of the Foursquare Gospel Church
extractive economy economy in a colony where the colinizing country removed raw materials and shipped them back home to benefit its own country
Automobiles Invented in Germany by karl Benz in 1885. Henry Ford used the assembly line to produce large numbers of inexpensive cars in the US during the early 1900s. Cars revolutionized transportation in the 1920s.
AFL-CIO The largest labor union in the US. Formed in 1955 when the AFL and CIO merged into one labor union.
Midway A major turning point in the WWII Pacific Theater. The US defeated a Japanese attack on the US island of Midway. Four Japanese aircraft carriers were destroyed in the battle, seriously weakening the Japanese Navy for the rest of the war.
Internationalists believed that the US should play an active role in world affairs and work towards achieving a just peace but never enter the war
Frances Perkins U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet.
Judiciary Act of 1789 Washington and Congress create a federal court system, headed by the 6 man Supreme Court. Allowed cases from state courts to be appealed to the federal court system when a constitutional issue was at stake.
Walker, David Free black who, in his 1829 work Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. Encouraged slaves to fight for their freedom rather than wait for the end of slavery.
Appomattox Courthouse Where Robert E. Lee surrendered to the Union's troops because the Union had surronded The Confederate army around Virginia
Easy credit • Due to the booming economy, banks and other lenders were quick to loan money to stock market speculators during the 1920s • Increased speculation and the resulting inflation in stock prices were a cause of the stock market crash in 1929
Spheres of Influence a region dominated and controlled by outside powers
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Government program created during the New Deal. The TVA is a federally owned corporation that build hydroelectric dams in the Tennessee Valley Area. Dam construction provided jobs for Americans. Hydroelectric dams provided electricity and created demand for goods using electricity.
Chinese Civil War War between Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong and Chinese Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek. The war ended in 1950 with Mao's communist controlling mainland China and Chiang's nationalists controlling the island of Taiwan.
Creditor Nation other countries owed more money to the US then US owed them
Securities and Exchange Commission An agency of the government that regulates financial markets and investment companies
Worchester v. Georgia, 1832 Supreme court ruling that GA wasn't entitled to regulate or invade Cherokee lands. Jackson overstepped his presidential powers by refusing to abide by the ruling.
The Freedom's Bureau The 1st federal relief agency in U.S. History, served to provide clothing, medical attention, meals, education, land to freed blacks and some poorer whites, Dismanded in 1869 because of Lacking strong support.
"Black Tuesday" • Term used to describe Oct 29, 1929 • Five days after the initial crash, the stock market reached its lowest point • Usually associated with the start of the Great Depression
Woodrow Wilson tried to keep peace for US but soon realized that war was inevitable- belief of "make the world a safer world for democracy"
What did the Northern Democrats support? Supported slavery in the new territories as determined by popular sovereignty and nominated Stephan Douglas.
Fair Labor Standards Act • Passed during the New Deal • Established a minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor laws
Palmer Raids (Nov. 1919- Jan. 1920) people mailed bombs to important industrialists & govt. officials, suspected anarchists, radicals(immigrant), political movement, exploded bombs in cities across US because fear of communism
How did the Unions General McClellan find out about the Confederate amry's plans to make an invasion on the north? General McClellan found a copy of Lee's orders wrapped around some cigars at an abandoned Confederate camp.
What was the purpose of the Gettysburg address? It was declared by President Lincoln four months after the Battle of Gettysburg that dedicated a cemetery on the sight of the battlefield. Was a powerful affirmation of Lincoln's desire to see the Union survive and the nation reunited.
Embassy bombings
irs Internal Revenue Service.
Popular Sovereignty Consent of the governed
law the principles and regulations established in a community by some authority and applicable to its people, whether in the form of legislation or of custom and policies recognized and enforced by judicial decision.
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement: an agreement for free trade between the United States and Canada and Mexico; became effective in 1994 for ten years
General of Confederate Army Robert E Lee
slavery the condition of a slave; bondage.
court a place where justice is administered.
legislative having the function of making laws:
Taliban Regime slamic Emirate of Afghanistan was founded in 1996 when the Taliban began their rule of Afghanistan and ended with their fall from power in 2001
Election of 1988 Ronald Reagan, the incumbent President, was vacating the position after serving the maximum two terms allowed by the Twenty-second Amendment
against the law when it was committed
Monopolist who controlled Oil Industry John D Rockefeller
President Wilson's pledge to keep the US out of the war in Europe Neutrality
republicanism the principles or policy of the Republican party.
executive agreement an agreement, usually pertaining to administrative matters and less formal than an international treaty, made between chiefs of state without senatorial approval.
intergovernmental involving two or more governments or levels of government.
bias to cause partiality or favoritism or influence, especially unfairly
chief executive the president of the United States.
Government Bonds Certificates sold by the government to raise money with the guarantee that the purchaser will be paid back later (with interest); used to pay for things like charter schools
human capital the sum of peoples skills abilities and motivation.
Terrorism the use of violence by groups against civilians to achieve a political goal
First political parties: Father of Democratic-Republican Party Thomas Jefferson
William Summer a political science professor at Yale promoted the theory that success and failure in a business were governed by natural law and thqat no one had the right to intervne "Principles of Social Darwinism"
sons of liberty any of several patriotic societies, originally secret, that opposed the Stamp Act and thereafter supported moves for American independence.
elastic clause a statement in the U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8) granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.
customs a habitual practice; the usual way of acting in given circumstances.
libraries a place set apart to contain books, periodicals, and other material for reading, viewing, listening, study, or reference, as a room, set of rooms, or building where books may be read or borrowed.
public housing housing owned or operated by a government and usually offered at low rent to the needy.
primary election first or highest in rank or importance; chief; principal:
deficit spending the practice of spending funds in excess of income, esp. by a government.
William Renquist United States jurist who served as an associate justice on the United States Supreme Court from 1972 until 1986, when he was appointed chief justice (born in 1924)
Rule of law principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern.
Site gold was discovered to begin gold rush Sutter's Mill
bill of rights a formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of the United States, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1–10, and in all state constitutions.
fines a sum of money imposed as a penalty for an offense or dereliction:
property tax a tax levied on real or personal property.
new england an area in the NE United States, including the states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
Minorities in Politics TO where it was mostly whites in office; rarely would you see African Americans or other races in occupations involving politics.
Network of treaties in Europe that caused most European countries to declare war Entangling Web of Alliances
writ of habeas corpus order requiring a prisoner be brought before a judge to decide if the prisoner was legally detained
double jeopardy the subjecting of a person to a second trial or punishment for the same offense for which the person has already been tried or punished.
tax returns to go or come back, as to a former place, position, or state: