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Definitions |
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"tetrapod"
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...
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endothermic
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warm blooded
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"anura" means...
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tailless
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Cerebrum
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- behavior/learning
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chromataphores
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pgment cells
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how many atria
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two
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tadpoles
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breathe through gills
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•
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UNDERGO COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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cerebellum
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center of muscular coordination
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olfactory lobes
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sense of smell
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Pulmonary Respiration
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-breathe through lungs
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esophagus
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for swallowing food whole
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metamorphosis
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start life in water
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vision
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the primary sense for amphibians
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medulla oblongata
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controls some organ functions
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pancreas
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the______secretes enzymes into the small intestine that further breaks down food
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Cutaneous respiration
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Respiration through the skin.
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maxillary teeth
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located along upper jaw
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Order and Scientific Name?Mole Salamander
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http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/1538/flashcards/544858/jpg/mole-salamander.jpg
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Vertebrate
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an animal with a back bone
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three
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Amphibians have a ___ chambered heart.
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Aneides aeneus
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(Green salamander): Only green salamander, lichen-like marking, square tipped toes
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urostlye
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a styliform process forming rhe posterior extremity of the vertebral column in fishes and amphibians.
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two-lined salamander
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fam Plethodontidae; brook salamander; 2 lines running from eye > tail dorsally, black; yellow coloration
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caecilians
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limbless amphibians are in this order
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monotreme
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the most primitive mammals comprising the only extant members of the subclass Prototheria
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Lungs
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internal, baglike respiratory organ or vertebrate that enables gas exchange between the air and the blood
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nictating membrane
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allows frogs to see underwater
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urodela
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salamanders belong to the order ___________ which means visable tail
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Radio-ulna
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Fusion of the lower forelimb bones
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bufonidae
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the____family consists of the true toads.
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liver
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this organ produces bile which breaks down fat into small, digestible globules
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Desmognathus quadromaculatus
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(Blackbelly): Black belly, double rows of light dots along each side
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pulmonary circulation
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carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
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ammonia
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a toxic nitrogenous waste excreted by larvae that must be removed quickly or diluted with lots of fluid
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what kind of fertilization
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external and internal fertilization
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smallmouth salamander
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fam Ambystomatidae; can see costal folds; saltpepper appearance on belly; brown on back; very small mouth
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carnivores
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the type of feeders that adult amphibians are
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What is studied on tiger salamanders?
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limb regeneration
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Preadaptation
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-Allowed for switch from water to land
-Having something in place now that you don't use, but your ancestors might use in the future
-ex: fins on the lobe-fin fish are similar to the feet of amphibians
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eustachian tubes
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equalizes pressure between inside and outside of ear
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columella
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small bone that extends between the tympanic membrane and inner ear
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Order and Scientific Name? (May be thrown out)Mud Salamander
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http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/1538/flashcards/544858/jpg/mud-salamander.jpg
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septum
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Divides the right and left chambers of the heart
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urea
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a form of ammonia produced by adults to avoid loosing more water
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crawfish frog
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fam Ranidae; lots of spotting (white outline_; dark background
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viviparous
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term used to refer to animals that bear live young that are nourished directly by the mother's body as they develop
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Caudata
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-Means with a tail
-Found in North and Central America
-Salamander-elongated body with long tail
-Carnivorous
-Active at night
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EUSTCHIAN TUBE
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BALANCES PRESSURE IN THE EAR. LOCATED BEHIND THE EARDRUM
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hind legs
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long hind legs and powerful leg muscles make the green frog an excellent leaper
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systemic circulation
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the movement of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart
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path of urine
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processed in the kidney, goes through the urinary ducts, to the cloaca, to the bladder
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Organs in the digestive system
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mouth, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, cloaca
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metamorphasis (reproduction of Amphibians)
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process of taking egg transforming into tadple, then to adult
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Neurotoxins and hemotoxins
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Proteins found in varying amounts in different species
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Amphibians live part of their lives on ____ and part on ______.
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land and water
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Amphibian vision
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2 types of rods, 2 types of cones. Color vision. Eyelids in terrestrial adults. respond to movement
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Buried in mud under water
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Where aquatic turtles spend the winter
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Reproduction and development cycle
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Depending on the species, the egg is fertilized internally or externally and then the egg is then abandoned or taken care of by very few species for a few days
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What is an orphan animal model?
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disease occurs in animals but not humans
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they have glands that produce a poison, which can be very irritating to the mucous membranes.
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toads are usually not a favorite pray of predators because_____.
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Caudatas
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salamanders
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ectothermic
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cold blooded
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frogs/toads.....................resemble teh adult
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do not
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tympanic membrane
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eardrum
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amphibian
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double life
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stores bile
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gall bladder
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anura fertilization
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external in water
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tympanic
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frogs have membranes called______membranes, which are capable of receiving sound waves
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Amphibia membrane
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smooth, moist skin
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frogs/toads
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found all over world
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What do they undergo?
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Metamorphosis
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tadpole
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a larval frog or toad
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what do parents care for?
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none
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Anura
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The order______includes frogs and toads
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early tetrapods
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arose from Sarcopterygian ancestor
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Lobe-finned fishes
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Amphibians probably evolved from
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Order and Scientific Name?Eastern Newt
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http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/1538/flashcards/544858/jpg/eastern-newt.jpg
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Taxonomy
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the classifacation or description of groups an animals
Putting and dividing things into groups and narrowing down every Characteristics which represent that group.
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frogs
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Longer, more powerful legs; Moist, smooth skin; Stay closer to water
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Amphibians lay their eggs in _______.
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water
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gymnophonia habitat
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burrow, live in the tropics
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family Plethodontidae
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lungless salamanders (cutaneous resp); terrestrial adults; naso-labial groove; redback salamander, slimy salamander, 2-lined salamander, long-tailed salamander, cave salamander
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notochord
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a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
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cold-blooded
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maintaining a relatively constant and cold body temperature
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Frog & Toad locomotion
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specialized for jumping
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extinct amphibians
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labrynthodonts, 1st land vertebrates or tetrapods
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Salamanders and Newts
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mostly terrestrial, some aquatic
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Order and Scientific Name?Little Grass Frog
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http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/1538/flashcards/544858/jpg/little-grassfrog.jpg
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Desmognathus ocoee
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(Mountain Dusky): Large paired or zigzagged white spots on back
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components of pectoral girdle
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shoulder and supporting bones
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all todays amphibians decended from...
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anurans and caudates
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marbled salamander
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fam Ambystomatidae; black with silvery iridescent saddlemarks
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Does the AWA cover amphibians and reptiles?
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no
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Preadaption
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Adaptations in an ancestral group that allow a shift to new functions which are later favored by natural selection.
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mouth
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the mouth has teeth and nostril openings the frogs tongue is attached at the front of its mouth it flips out to catch insects
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vent
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the body opening to which the cloaca is attached and through which waste exits
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chorus frog
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fam Hylidae; 3 dark lines down back
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What is xenopus used for at Penn?
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developmental studies
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What are lissamphibians?
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1.Salientia-frogs; long head and small hip, hip bone and backbone joint
2. Caudata-salamanders
3.Gymnophiona-caecilians
-teeth on pedestals
-they all have short ribs and smooth skin
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tadpole respiration
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gas exchange occurs through skin and gills
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Africa and Asia
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Where cobras, pythons, and many species of monitor lizards are found
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TOADS
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Have dry and bumpy skin and get water from the food they eat
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what early amphibians split into 300 million years ago
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reptiles and amphibians
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Life stages of frogs
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fertilized egg, tadpole, young frog, adult frog
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cloaca
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at the end of the long intestine wher digestive sastes, urine , eggs and sperm leave the body
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Red-backed salamanders and slimy salamanders
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Lay their eggs on land
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osmosis
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the flow of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
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8 organs of the digestive system
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pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, and cloaca
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Pit viper envenomation and hemotoxin
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Symptoms of this include tissue destruction (necrosis), swelling, and intense pain
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What are some uses of snakes in research?
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anticoagulant, BP regulators, transdermal penetration, host-parasite relationship, chronic disease
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Ventricle
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The . . . . . is the lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart.
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