| Terms |
Definitions |
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Audience
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Everyone
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peripeteia
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reversal
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agon
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action
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orchestra
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chorus
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maiicious
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spiteful
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Parados
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Chorus sings/chants
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Thespis
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fist actor
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poetics
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aristotle's book
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choragus
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financial backer
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episode
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a scene
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Storytelling/Re-enactment
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adventures, battles
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486 B.C.E.
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5C
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somber
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dimly lighted
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Tragedy
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Stylized, stately, declamatory
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catharsis
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to purge violently
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Theater
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actors and audience
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Agememnon
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play by Aeschylus
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Costumes were ______
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padded
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Tragic Flaw
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Excessive pride
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508 B.C.E.
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2 Dithyramb
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Motifs
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Recurring objects or ideas.
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Jocasta
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Oedipus' wife (and mother)
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exodus
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end of the play
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aristotle
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best definition of tragedy
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Diction
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language used by characters
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Regicide
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killing of a king
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Orchestra
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where actors played
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Theatron
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Auditorium where audience sat
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theatre
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harvest rights, scening place
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deference
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respectful or courteous regard
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Foil
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Someone with opposite characteristics of the protagonist.
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Cothumer
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Thick soft soled calf-high boot
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Kerkis
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Wedge-shaped seating section in theatron
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aeschylus
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first great athenian playwright introduced second actor, religious lyrical
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pinakes
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painted panels fitted into thyromata
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Dionysus
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god of theatre, competition/ festival
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◦ Menander
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most famous comedy playwright
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Sophocles considered greatest Greek _____, wrote tragedies
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Dramatist
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Dionisus
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god of wine and song
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Stasima
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The poems/odes recited by the chorus.
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New Comedy
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Dealt with personal private problems
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Sophocles
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Wrote technically perfect plays and set a standard for motivation, suspense, dramatic, irony, balance, and poetry. Reduced the importance of the chorus and reduced it to 15 people.
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Meripe
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from Corinth, the woman Oedipus believes his mother
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Skene
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stage building behind orchestra where the actors changed costumes
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proskene
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stage floor in front of skene
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chiton
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sleeveless tunic; belted below the breast
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choregos
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An individual who sponsored each playwright entering the Dionysia, and paid for the production of the playwright's work
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Protinas
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he separated the fertility element, from the ritual dancing and chanting, which eventually developed into the full blown tragedy of Aristotle's analysis in Poetics.
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• City Dionysia
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most important play festival
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Prohedria
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The stone seats reserved for prestigious people origionally for the priests
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Dithyrambs
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10
5 by boys/ 5 by men
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Dithryamb
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hymns which celebrated Dionysus's life and adventures
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hubris
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arrogance of hero, usually tragic flaw
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Onmues
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Headdress piled high on top of head
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prologue
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action before the entrance of the chorus (tells setting, characters, etc)
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free
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Admission to the City Dionysia plays was how much?
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Dionysian Festival
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theatre festival with comedies and tragedies
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Limitations
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continues presence of the chorus, no intermissions; continuous flow of action and choral odes, no lighting or curtains
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choragos
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the choragos was the producer. he hired the chorus, paid the room and board for actors and chorus, bought costumes and masks, and picked chorus members. there wasn't much profit involved in the position, it was more of an honor.
in the city dionysia, the choregus was assigned by the state.
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deutaronagist
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a sidekick who accompanies the main protagonist
(Aeschylus)
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Periaktoi
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paintings of scenes, located on either side of skene
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chorus
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group who advised and warned main characters, varied in size
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Dramatic iroy
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descrepancy between what the character thinks and what the audience knows
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Katharsis
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a cleansing the viewer recieves from watching; a release from tension
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Lenaea festival
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place where most comedies were performed; held in early February; prizes were awarded there for best comic writer
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ode
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a song the chorus performed between episodes
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Aeschylus introduced the ___ actor; also called "___"
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Second; Deuteragonsit
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produced three tragedies and a ___ play
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Satyr
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What preceded Greek Theatre?
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egyptian roots 2500 B.C.
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ekkyklema
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a scenic device, a platform that wheeled out the dead children
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acropolis
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A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city
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Corinth
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Oedipus was raised in this city, after being left in the mountains by his mother.
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men
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Who were the only people who could watch the raunchy satyr plays?
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Masks
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- Larger than life masks- mad of linen, wood, and /or cork exaggerated features
- Male vs. female
- Young vs. Old
- Grief stricken vs. hopeful
- The "open mouth" on the mask increased the resonance of the actor's voice
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thymele
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Altar of Dionysus that sits in the center of Orchestra
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Rise to Theater
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Humanistic ideas; humans imitate gods; moral stories
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The audience experiences a ______
-an emotional __________
-A ______ experience- they recognize the fate of _______ ________
-Show roots in religious _______
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catharsis
purging
emotional human beings
nature
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Aristotle Elements of Theatre
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plot, character, thought, diction, music, spectacle
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dithyrambic ode
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actual sung/spoken hymn of praise to Dionysis
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Harmartia
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(tragic flaw) - act, moral flaw, or intellectual mistake
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Vengeance Theme
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made it a religious obligation to avenge a wrong done to one's family
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verbal
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Type of irony: a contrast between what is said and what is meant
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Mechanae
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crane behind skene, so actors could fly above
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stasimon
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divides the episodes of a tragedy (a choral passage)
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Sophocles was more concerned with ____ relationships rather than _____issues
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Human; religious
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Paradox
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A statement or a situation that at first seems impossible or self- contradictory but that many actually be true either in fact or the figurative sense
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what's god was theatre created for?
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dionysus-god of wine
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534 B.C.E.
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the year that theatre productions were first given at this festival
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Irony of situation
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Opposite of what is expected to happen.
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strophe
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movement, the 1st part of a song or statement
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dithyramb
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a song sung by a chorus; origin of greek theatre
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Tragic Hero
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- Superiority - must have something to loose; a place from which fall, only characters who are somehow superior to elevated seem tragic in their destruction
- Goodness- likeable person; seemingly GOOD person, inly character can good play
- Tragic flaw- hubris- excessive pride; arrogance, fatal errors in judgment that contribute to the downfall
- Tragic realization- Accepts responsibility for the outcome, Perceives before the fall how he/she has contributed to his/her own destruction
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how many of euridipes plays do we have today?
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19
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satyr play
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(15) an ancient Greek burlesque with a chorus of satyr; a burlesque treatment of mythology, the boisterous action occurred in a rural setting & included vigorous dancing, as well as indecent language and gestures, offered comic relief; tragicomedy
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Hammartia
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tragic flaw of the hero that often brings about their demise
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Festival of Lenaes
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End of January, or Beginning of February; Emphasis on comedy
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simple, expressive, idealized
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The style of acting called for simple realistic actions. The style suggested by the scripts may be characterized as ___, _____, and ____.
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Who is Sophocles?
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added 3rd actor
reduced 50 men --> 15 men
chorus: commentator/ critique
lived: 495 BC - 405
Pinnacle-: abolish trilogic form
7/120 plays survived
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Oedipus-- The acting is characterized as a re-enactment of what?
He compares it to a religious ritual--explain.
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Human sacrifice.
The Mass. Breaking of bread like breaking Christ's body
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deus ex machina
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"God out of the machine," literally; a crane used to create the illusion of flying by actors playing gods and goddesses
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When? Greater Dionysiar
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End of March or Beginning of April; Three days; Three playrights
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unity of place
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action of the play takes place in one place
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The tragedy is a long build up to the ________ and ________ of _______ - there are layers to this.
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realization acceptance fate
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What are the 7 main roles of the chorus?
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1. atmosphere/mood
2. intro and question new characters
3. hint at foreshadow chorus
4. reflect events- questions, comments, etc.
5. establish facts and affirm conv. views of society
6. engage in KOMMOS- lyrical dialogue
7. divide actions into episodes
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3 tragedies and 1 satyr play per day
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What occupied Days 3-5 of the City Dionysia festival? And how many of each?
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