Complete List of Terms and Definitions for Hist - test

Terms Definitions
Monroe Doctrine 1823
Boer War 1899-1902
Boer War "Britain's Vietnam"
boers = dutch, originally in Cape of Good Hope but moved to Transvaal when Brits came
gold found in Transvaal, Brits swarm in and want the place for themselves
-international response: in favor of Boers
They won, but during, their position deteriorated
The “Black Death”
Karl Marx a "Renaissance Man"
Lydians invented money.
Was wealthy, attacked Persian empire and lost.
nationalism generally involves the identification of an ethnic identity with a state
Sacred Court Imperial Court and headquarters-Constantinople and Milan
Muckrackers writers who exposed corruption and abuses in politics, business, meatpacking, child labor, and more, primarily in the first decade of 20th century their popular books and magazine articles spurred public interest in reform
Who were the founders of Rome? Latins
1932 Election Rep: Herbert Hoover
Dem: Franklin Delano Roosevelt
 
Issue: GD, unemployment, the banks are on the verge of collapse
 
Roosevelt wins 472 to 59
Gleisheschaltung synchronization of German society to make sure everyone was moving in the same direction
Lowell American Romantic poet who is associated with the Fireside Poets. abolitionist. advocated suffrage for blacks.
Yalta conference FDR, Churchill and Stalin meeting where Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War
Andrew Jackson Inaugurated March 1829
his wife died, he blamed his political enemies
First President with a nickname: "Old Hickory"
involved in lots of violence, short temper
 
Who were satraps? Rulers of political institutions (provinces) appointed by the king
Islamic Fundamentalism term used to describe religious ideologies seen as advocating a return to the "fundamentals" of Islam: the Quran and the Sunnah.
RAF The Royal Air Force. This was Britain's Air Force.
1867 Reconstruction Act -federal troops reoccupy dixie
-11 Southern states would have radical republican gov'ts
*gov't officials: some loyal southern democrats, northern carpetbaggers, freed southern black, and scalawags
legion principal heavy infantry units of the Roman army, composed of citizens
I hear america singing a poem by whitman
pullman strike in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing
War Powers Act 1973 - congress joint resolution allowing the president to send armed forces into action abroad only by the authorization of congress or if the US is already under serious attack or serious threat
Chicago, IL black boy went in white people's waters at the beach and was killed by being hit in the head by a rock.
started riots
What kingdom emerged as the powerful state of western Sudan around 800 CE? Ghana (Wagadu)
Sunnis largest sect of Islam in the world, translated as the example of the prophet
"Strict Accountibility" This term is associated with Wilson and basically says that Germany cannot have any more "accidents" and that they will be held accountable for the actions they take. It says that they will have to follow the rules that say that 1. they have to warn the ships before they attack and 2. that they have to provide for the safety of the survivors.
Great Awakening huge religios revival movement to stir people to take christ as their savior and live the life of a christian. importance was that it created a lot of new churchs causing american to have a unique government that was not behind any one specific church
Dawes
Severalty Act Authorized the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land and divide the areas into allotments for individual Native American families.
Joseph Smith Founder of the ladder day saint movement.
ghost dance movement a Native American movement that called for a return to traditional ways of life and challenged white dominance in society
The Peace of Augsburg States that division of Christian territories, recognized that ruler of each land (prince, fife, etc.) would be able to determine the religion of their lands, Lutherans could keep the lands that they had seized during their attacks
Who did the Whigs nominate for president? a war hero William Henry harrison
• In 1816, what nationalistic policies did President Madison recommend? • The principle of exclusive judicial review was established• Congress passed the non-importation act that prohibited the importation of most English goods and Britain responded with a blockade of the European coast• Asked congress in 1812 for a declaration of war• Madison also recommended a federally subsidized network of roads and canals to aid economic development and increase national security, but ultimately vetoed such a measure because he believed it unconstitutional.
Zimmerman Note This was another cause of the U.S. entering WWI. It was a note from Alfred Zimmerman, a German Secretary for foreign affairs, to a German diplomat in Mexico. British intelligence intercepted the note and turned it over to Wilson who then turned it over to the Yellow Press. It basically said two things:
1. In the event of war b/t the U.S. and Germany, Mexico should join forces with Germany against the U.S. and if they do, they will get all of the land back that they lost during the Mexican-American War
2. Also, try to get Japan to join us if you can
 
The Feminine Mystique The Feminine Mystique is a book written by Betty Friedan claiming that women are suffering "the problem with no name" - that they have been fed a lie that there is no fulfillment or happiness outside of marriage and the home.It was released in 1963.It is historically significant in changing how women thought about their social roles and propelled controversy and action in the feminist movement that still exists today.
Schlieffen Plan 1904 created; 1906 modified; 1914 implemented
Schlieffen Plan German strategic plan in the case of future war against France and Russia: avoid two-front war by defeating France quickly and then turning to Russia
Created by Schlieffen, modified by Moltke the Younger
Military rigidity --> WWI?
louisiana separate car act railroads in Louisiana have to provide equal but separate accomodations for whites and blacks
Who was the leader of the Onedia Soceity? John Humpfrey Noyes
• How did slaves resist slavery? • Some escaped slavery and achieved what limited autonomy possible for free blacks.• Slaves protested their condition in day to day acts of resistance that ranged from work slow-downs to poisoning masters. • Favorite ploys were to pretend sickness during rush periods or to misplace tools. • When slaves were unwilling to work for an overseer, often the master ended such conflicts by replacing the overseer, sometimes with black drivers. • Slave drivers had to get the master's work done without alienating fellow slaves, and, while some drivers were brutal, many were leaders and role models for other slaves. • Slaves also resisted by running away. • Often they hid in a nearby wood or swamps and went to the quarters at night for food. • Many ultimately returned to the plantation. • Others formed colonies of runaways in the swamps and mountains, especially in Florida, where the Seminoles befriended them.• Some escaped via the underground railroad. But, the number who escaped via the underground railroad was small, largely due to nightly patrols by whites. • Slaves also sought freedom through petitions to legislatures, suits against masters, pleas for emancipation in wills, or by purchasing their freedom.• While slaves committed individual acts of revolt, most plans fell through due to loss of will, betrayal, spies, and severe reprisals.
Reciprocal Trade Agreements These were formed in an effort to boost the US economy. They said that if other countries will cut their tariffs, the US will too up to 50%. 21 of these agreements were made with other nations.
Second (Great) Civil War
Part 1 		(49-30 BC)
-Pompeius wants to evacuate Italy and use his control of grain in other provinces to starve Caesar
-Battle of Pharsalos-Pompeius flees to Egypt where he is killed
-Caesar becomes in control of Rome, Empire, and Army
Why was prohibition repealed in 1933? Beer & liquor industry provided jobs
What factors contributed to the decline of the late Mughal State? Europeans began to exploit their newfound ways to reach other areas
Portuguese built trading posts on the Eastern Indian Coast and supported the Hindu people against the Muslims
1924 National origins Quota act Based on the original country they came from and how many they would let in
Going back to the 1890 census: small quota
Divided loyalties
Bradwell v. Illinois tried to use the idea of free labor to challenged statute limiting the practice of law to men; an early legal challenge to sex discrimination in the United States
What were the major social and political consequences of the Black Death? Peasants/serfs had to work landlords' lands in order to receive their own lands
Many people found ways to escape serfdom
Landlords tried to fix their labor force
Produced major peasant uprisings - Jaqueries
Decline in population
early in the American Revolution. Called in response to the passage of the Coercive Acts (also known as Intolerable Acts by the Colonial Americans) by the British Parliament,
What happened in Medina after Muhammad and his followers settled there? The 1st Islamic Community, Umma, began to grow
The government began to view him as a threat
They attempted to assassinate him
He moved back to Mecca
(Referrence to: What obstacles prevented The Great Plains from being occupied and heavily settled prior to the 1870-1890 time period?)
 
How were these obstacles overcome? (Be sure to review the Morrill Act and the Homestead Act.) 		1. The need for new fencing was solved when barbed wire was invented by Joseph Glidden in 1874.
2. The need for better farming equipment was fulfilled by things like the chilled steel plow, the sulky gang plow, the grain drill, hay loaders, twine binders, and headers.
3. The need for better farming methods and techniques was taken care of with things like irrigation and the invention of dry farming, where they would dig deeply enough to get the moisture from deep in the soil and then cover that with dust or mulch.
4. The need for new land was met with the Morrill Act of 1862- that gave free land to any state that would set up agriculture and mechanical schools- and the Homestead Act of 1862- that said that every actual head of the household who was an American citizen, or had declared the intent to become and American citizen,  could claim up to 160 acres of land for free if they would stay on the land for 5 years and make improvements on it.
What were the major motives of overseas exploration and creating overseas empiers? Wanted to find new ways to reach Southeast Asia, India, and China
Wanted to avoid the Muslims
Growing population
Very profitable
Spreading the gospel
What form of government is meant by absolutism? When one ruler holds all of the power and there is no constitutional body