| Terms |
Definitions |
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NH3
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Ammonia
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acid
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H2SO4
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pH
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pH=-log[H+]
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NaOH
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Sodium Hydroxide
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RbOH
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strong base
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HPO4
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hydrogen phosphate
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CH3COOH
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Weak Acid
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HF
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hydrofluoric acid
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H₂SO₄
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sulfuric acid
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Acids taste
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sour
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HNO2
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Weak Acid
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HI
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Hydroiodic Acid S
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HClO4
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Perchloric acid (strong)
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formula for pH
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-log[H30+]
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base
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turns litmus blue
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Protolysis
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Proton transfer reactions.
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Bronsted-Lowry base
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a hydrogen-ion reciever
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weak bases
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NH3, and exceptions
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Bronstead-Lowry acid
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a proton donor
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2 ionizable hydrogens (H2O4)
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Diprotic
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liquid
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What does l stand for?
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Are acids or bases sour?
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acids
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Red litmus
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turns blue in base
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Non-Metallic oxides are ... when dissolved in water?
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Acidic
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pKb
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-log of base and conjugate acid
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unknown acid titration formula
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(Vb/Va)(Mb)(moles A/moles B)
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stronger the acid
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weaker the H-X bond
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Antacids
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Both sodium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydroxide can be used as Antiacids.
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Common :Ethanoic acid - vinegar, tomato juiceCitric acid - lemons, oranges, grapefruitLactic acid - sour milk, yogurtTartaric acid - grapesTannic acid - teaLaboratory :Hydrochloric acid, HClSulfuric acid, H2SO4Nitric acid, HNO3
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titration
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procedure that measures exact acid or base composition
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neutralization
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action intended to nullify the effects of some previous action
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Bronsted-Lowry acid
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molecule/ion that is a proton donor.
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BUFFERS
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controllers of PH, they are solutions that resist change in PH upon small addition of acid or base.
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color
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titration is usually indicated by a change in what?
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strong
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what kinds of acids readily transfer hydrogen ions to form hydronium ions?
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What occurs to breathing when pH falls?
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hyperventilation
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concentration
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measure of given amount of substance in a given unit of volume (solute-to-solvent ratio)
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strong bases
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dissociates into metal and OH ions...NaOH-> Na + OH
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Strong Acid
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An acid that ionizes almost completely in solution
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S-Waves
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Travel through liquids and stop at the outer core.
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baking powder is kept dry by the __
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container
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conjugate acid
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formed when a Bronsted Lowery base gains a H+
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properties of ionic compounds
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form crystals
have hight melting points and boiling points
very soluble
when dissolved in water, conduct electricity well
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arrhenius acid
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a chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution
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In general, the reaction of an acid with a base produces and ______
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salt
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ionization constant
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number of moles of particles dissolved in the solution for every mole of solute
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How do kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis?
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-reabsorb H+
-secrete bicarbonate
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arthenius model
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states that an acid is a substance that contains hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution
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properties of bases
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- crystalline solids (in pure form)
- bitter taste
- slippery
- corrosive
- electrolytes
- reacts with indicators to produce a color change
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weak base
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a base that ionizes only partially in dilute aqueous solutions
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• substance formed by chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
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What is a compound?
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dissociate
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nearly all of the molecuels of a stron acid in an aqueous solution will....... into ions
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End Point
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The point at which the indicator that is used in a titration changes color.
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base ionization constant
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the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a base
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Weak acid
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an acid that is only slightly ionized in aqueous solution
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For buffer solutions, pH=
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pKa + log( [salt] / [acid] )
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end point of titration
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the point at which the indicator changes color
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neutral
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a substances with a ph of 7.0 and is neither acidic nor basic
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What is a weak acid/base?
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Anything that's an acid/base and isn't strong.
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red and blue litmus paper
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-blue turning to red (acid)
-the red turns to blue (base)
-no change of color (neutral)
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a chemical change that creates carbon dioxide bubbles
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what causes a cake to rise
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THE ION PRODUCT CONSTANT FOR WATER
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Kw is a new constant formed from KcxC2(H2O) (which are two constants). Kw= c(H3O)xc(OH) = 1x10 -14 mol2/dm6
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neut rxn volumes & ions
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a x [A] x Va = b x [B] x Vb
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