Complete List of Terms and Definitions for Animal Nutrition 3

Terms Definitions
Parietal cells produce? HCl
Energy capacity to do work
vitamins organic molecules with diverse functions that are required in small amounts; can be water soluble or fat soluble
Microminerala Cobalt, chromium, iodine, maganese, selenium, zinc iron copper
Anabolism synthesis of lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acidsendergonic- require input of energy from hydrolysis of ATP and reducing power of NADPH and NADHEx:amino acids, sugars ,fatty acids, butrogenous bases--->proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acidsATP, NADH, NADPH--->ADP+, NAD+, NADP+
Absorption The process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion
pepsin a protein-digesting enzyme that breaks proteins into polypeptides
omasum the third chamber of ruminant digestive systems; water is removed from the cud
Absorbtion Allows passage of small nutrient molecules, from lumen, mucosal cells, blood or lymph systems
Heterotrophs must obtain carbon from environment in form of complex organic molecules
where is digestion completed? inside the cell
Pharynx The passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
Duodenum The first section of the small intestine
enzymatic hydrolysis the splitting process that catalyzes digestion
cecum a pouch connected to the large intestine that is important for fermenting ingested material such as cellulose
Peanut Meal 45% protein low lysine contamination of alfatoxins
Crystaline Amino Acids fermintation or chemical process lysine used in over 50% of feeds methinein, threonine and lastis tryptophan
Pylourus Reigon secretes mucus pyloric cells produce gastrin hormone that stimulates hydrochloric acid procuction
Chemical Chemical hcl in stomach liver makes bile stored in gall bladder HCO3 from pancreas
what is the gall bladder? stores digestive juices
the dietary protein requirement is really a(n) ____ ___ requirement for tissues? amino acid
transamination is a freely reversible reaction that requires _____ vitamin B6
Epiglottis A flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing
Essential Fatty Acids Certain unsaturated fatty acids that animals cannot make
Intracellular Digestion The joining of food vacuoles and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell.
fluid feeders animals that suck nutrient rich fluid from a living host (mosquitoes)
gastric gland this part of the stomach includes different components of gastric juices, including mucus cells, chief cells, and parietal cells
undernourishment the result of a diet that consistently supplies less chemical energy than the body requires
Categories of Feed Stuff Energy feed, protien supplements, vitamin supplements, mineral supplements, forages and nonnutritive additives
Examples of Ruminants cows, sheep, goats, cattle, giraffe etc
Cardiac Reigon produces mucus to protect from gastric secretion (HCl)
Maintenance Metabolism fed animal in stable weight and chemical composition over a period of timeMaintenance heat production is always HIGHER than basal metabolism because of the process of eating and digesting and metabolizing feed requires energy produced as heat
what is peristalsis? contractiar of mscles to move material down--vomit is the reverse
what are the enzymes for protein digestion in the small intestine (pancreatic juice) trypsin
chymotrypsin
elastase
carboxypeptidase
Gastrovascular Cavity An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body
water soluble B complex and vitamin C are what classification of vitamins?
Yellow corn Us is the #1 producer, most widely used energy source, 3420 kcal ME/kg8.3% proteinground or cracked
Heat Increment of Feed Heat released through body:- muscle contraction- digestion of food and metabolism of nutrients derrived from them*act of chewing= ~3-6% ME intake1.Chewing2.Swallowing3.Metabolism of gut microflora in ruminents (7-8% ME intake)4.Secretion of Saliva
what kind of digestion do sponges utilize? phagocytosis or pinocytosis
animal protein sources are greater in ___ and ___ than plant. quality and cost
what do the intestinal mucosa enzymes break down specifically? free amino acids
what are the consequences of a diet with an excess of individual AA? poor growth
substrate feeders animals that live in or on their food source (maggots)
What is harmful in glycerin Methanol because it cant be metabolized
what is an alimentary canal? a tube running between two openings...mouth -anusdigestion only occurs here in inverebrates and vetrebrates
so for the barrel stave analogy, you would first add ___, then more ___, and add more ___ to meet the required amount. TRP first
ILE
LYS
This summer, poor forage growing conditions forced a local dairy farmer to use imported alfalfa hay in the ration fed to late-pregnant dry cows. He has been seeing a marked increase in the incidence of milk fever (parturient paresis) in his newly calved c Probably deals with low phosphorous levels in comparison to the calcium levels. There needs to be a stable balance between the two because they compete for absorption. There needs to be a supplement of phosphorous like Dical phosphate.Also, the cows are approaching calving, which means they need a lower supply of calcium. High calcium decreases bone reabsorption, which leads to low levels of Ca being absorbed by the tissues, which leads to milk fever.It is better if he did not supply Ca before it gives birth.
what are substrate feeders? live in or on their food source, eating their way through the food,
uric acid is very ____ and also __-__ very soluble and non-toxic
what are the treatements of RUP's ? mild heating, dehydration pelleting, formaldehyde treatment
What is the global meat consumption? Global demand will increase, it has doubled in the last 25 yrs and the demand for white meat will increase twice as fast as red meat.
Advantage of TDN System used for a long time and many people are used to this system
how much CP is in soybean meal? 44% with hulls
50% without hulls
Who will produce meat in the future? Brazil, India or Congo due to availability of land and water.
what is the barrel stave analogy saying about the water held in the barrel is proportional to? water held in the barrel is proportional to capacity to allow for a protein synthesis
what is the function of chewing? forms BOLUS which is bolus or a ball of food
what are the three types of rumen undegradeable proteins? 1. very soluble proteins
2. insoluble proteins
3. very insoluble proteins