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Complete list of Terms and Definitions for Judaism part

Terms Definitions
Yarmulke/Kipah hat
Omniscient all-knowing
Assyria conquered Israel
Sarah Abraham's wife
circumcision spiritual purification.
Jerusalem Jewish holy land
Isaac The second patriarch
TaNaK (Tanakh) Hebrew Bible
sacred scripture Hebrew Bible
1948 Israel became a state
Holidays-Sukkot (Festival of Tabernacles/tents) •5 days after Yom Kippur..for 8 days •Reps Israelites wandering in desert for 40 years under Moses living in makeshift tents (sukkot) •Jewish families build sukkah (singular of sukkot) to commemorate wilderness experience of ancestors
romans vs jews jewish war
Beit midrash House of Study
Kosher means "fit" used primarily in relation to food which Jews are permitted to eat
Amos prophet; prophecies demand fair treatment of the poor and sincere worship of God.
Eliaza ben Lahovda Brought back Hebrew
rabbi spiritual leader of a congregation
Kaddish Jewish prayer for the dead
Ezra consolidated Torah, added Pentateuch, writings from Babylonian exile, Prophets, and introduced ideas on the messiah and the day of atonement
Chuppa cloth representing household/temple at wedding
sadducees upper class, embraced Hellenization, party of the priests, temple was center of power, denied life after death
Segregationists -choose to speak Jewish (Yiddish) -Clothes are distinctively Jewish -Dietary laws in the strictest sense -Live in Jewish neighborhoods -Buy goods from other jews -study only sacred books of judaism -All segregationists are Orthodox, but not all Orthodox are segregationists
serpent the Devil; Satan. Gen. 3:1–5.
Orthodox pertaining to or characteristic of Judaism where the strictly keep all the traditional rules
Hillel position that combined religious and secular leadership, and was the highest position of leadership in Jewish Society during the several centuries preceding and several centuries following the destruction of the Second Temple. Hillel himself lived at the beginning of the century preceding the Destruction.
Judaism monotheistic religion of the Jews, based on the writings of the Hebrew Bible
philistines Constant enemies of Israelites living in the same part of the world
Sect-Conservative Judaism-Gender •Ordains women as rabbis •Only matrilineal descent accepted
Prophecy stresses man's control, calls for action.
Zionism The movement committed to the reestablishment of a Jewish Homeland
covenant agreement established long ago between God and the ancient Israelites
About Essenes? Complete withdrawal. Maintained that Judaism had become too corrupt and the only way to preserve it would be to withdraw from it. Non-involvement.
purim celebrating the deliverance of the jews from Haman by Mordecai (Book of Esther)
hannukah is an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Holy Temple (the Second Temple) in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean Revolt
essenes emphasized monasticism, lived near the dead sea
A strong agreement between two people covenant
holocaust the systematic mass slaughter of European Jews in Nazi concentration camps during World War II (usually prec. by the).
Pseudepigrapha collection of more than 60 additional works, many of which were written in the name of ancient Jewish heroes; name is derived from the Greek word for "false writings" or "falsely inscribed"
Tanakh an acronym of Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim
Tisha Be-Av Commemorates distraction of 2 temples, fast. Celebrated after Passover
Israel an ancient kingdom of the Hebrew tribes at the southeastern end of the Mediterranean Sea
Divinely Given What does Orthodox Judaism believe about the origins of the Torah?
Moses the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus- 40 yrs Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai and Torah was received over 40 yrs. WHY? famine forced Jews out of Canaan into Egypt where became enslaved for 400 years. Numbers grew and Pharaoh felt threatened by power so order 1st born son to be killed. Moses was hid for 3 months but then placed in river where princess found him and raised him. God appeared and said tell Pharaoh to release people. Said no so 10 plagues then released, chased along red sea.
Rites of Passage-Puberty •Bar/Bat Mitzvah (Son/Daughter of the Commandments) •13 for boys 12 for girls •Read from Torah in public service •Reading Torah shows understanding thus makes one responsible for the Torah •Adults are responsible for the law, children are not
Maimonides A Jewish philosopher who wrote "The guide for the Perplexed"
Mehitzvah divider between men and women in synagogue
Pharisees - 1st century, 2nd temple period- teachers associated with synagogues- believed in Oral Torah with written Torah- precursor to Rabbinic Judaism- survives past 1st century
Neo-Orthodoxy Movement that holds fast to Jewish doctrine, but encourages the study of secular things.
talit a prayer shawl won by denout males
Leon Pinkser Stateless nature of Jewish existence promotes Jew hatred. Lovers of Zion groups emerge under loose control of Pinker, this is where the term Zionism emerges.
1000 BCE David unites Israelite tribes and becomes king at Jerusalem
Assimilation of Jews. Loss of rituals. Sabbath. Cyrus
synagogue a Jewish house of worship, often having facilities for religious instruction.
Simhat Torah "Rejoicing of the Torah"; the celebration of the conclusion and recommencement of the Torah reading cycle
Mohel The person who performs the ritual circumcision.
Hasidic Jewish sect, of or relating to the Jewish Hasidim or its members or their beliefs and practices
Mishnah written down in about AD 200; contains collected teachings of the rabbis of the preceding four centuries; along with the Talmud, is the most important text of the oral Torah
abraham made a covident with got written on ston.
Temple (Judaism) the place of worship for a Jewish congregation
Torah In its broadest sense, the totality of Jewish religious literature is...
13 articles of faith -existence of the creator. -gods unity -god is spirit. -god is eternal -existence of prophecy -life after death. -revelation of the law to Moses on Mt Sinai
Orthodox Jews -Very strict folow 613 mitzva rules +10 commanmends -Separate area for men and woman -Won`t speak hebew could be dirtiyng the language -Own schools, arange mariges, cloathing diffrent
canaan an ancient name for the land of israel
Ark where the Torah is kept in a Synagogue
Ketuvim Third and final part of the Hebrew Bible. Called "The Writings."
Beit Ya'akov a network of Orthodox schools for girls founded by Sara Schnirer in 1917
Bet Din court of law or house of justice
Ninth of Av 24 hr fast. commemorates the destruction of the temple
1300 B.C. Exodus from Egypt.Law of Moses given, covenant renewed at Sinai. Israel enters Promised Land 40 years later.
shema used as a counterpiece of all morning and evening jewish prayer services and closely echoes the monotheistic message of judaism
King of the Hebrews, built a huge temple in Jerusalem Solomon
TaNaK The Hebrew Bible (called Tanak) - is the sacred book that interprets history as Jews have experienced it. - is the foundation on which a Jewish life is built. It traces God’s activities in establishing a nation of Jewish families responsible to demonstrate God’s requirements and blessings for all people of the earth..
adonai a title of reverence for God, serving also as a substitute pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton.
centered around three key concepts Torah, God, Isreal(the chosen people)
Assyrian Empire conquers Israel in 721 - end of northern kingdom as kingdom, though remnants survive and in part become Samaritans (cf. Good Samaritan story)
YHWH God's name appears in the Bible in the Hebrew equivalents of the letters what?
involvement in service man chosen to take scrolls from ark -passed to Chazan; carries to bimah -after read cover, crown and breast plate replaced on scroll and put back into ark. -psalms are sung but no musical instruments so lead by Cantor. -prayers include Amidah and Shema
What replaces the ancient sacrifices in the temple now that the temple is not able to be served prayer in the synagogue
East coast U.S cities especially ___ ___ ___ have most of America's Jews New York CIty
Haredi \"those who tremble\" - a term used to describe the most conservative type of traditionalist Jews in terms of their dress, observance, devotion to full-time religious study and insulation from the modern world
Sabbath The 7th day of the week; the Hebrew day of rest and worship, which begins on sunset on Friday and ends on sunset on Saturday.
pharaoh akhenaten a pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of egypt. he is especially noted for attempting ot compel the egyptian population in the monotheistic worship of aten
Israel ben Eliezer became a model for the Hasidic notion of the Tzaddik (Righteous One). The Tzaddik was no ordinary man but one chosen by God as a direct link between heaven and earth. Haskalah movement
Bar/Bat Mitzvah ceremony in which a 13 year-old boy (or girl in reform and conservative) becomes an adult member of the Jewish community
roman occupation of judea tough times lead to apocalypticism and messianic beliefs, zeallots are put down by rome, rome destroys temple, wailing wall
Ten Commandments A list of the ten laws that Hebrews are required to follow.
yom kippur a Jewish high holy day observed on the 10th day of the month of Tishri by abstinence from food and drink and by the daylong recitation of prayers of repentance in the synagogue.
Jew interpretation of the Hebrew bible -conservative tendency-use it as a guide for living -speculative-use it imaginatively to understand more about the nature of God and the universe
The sounding of the Shofar The Jewish New Year (Rosh Hashanah) is observed by...
Explain 2 ways that Jewish families celevrate shabbat Light candle on Friday sundown night relax and avoid work to Saturday sundown recite shema
About Rome and the Jews? 63 BC - Rome absorbs Jewish state as a province in the Roman Empire. There is a Jewish Civil War as a result.
"instruction/law" torah
Samuel Anointed Saul
bar mitzvah bat mitzvah
menorah eight branched chandlestick
abraham's time 2000 bce
Kabbalah mystical writings of Judaism
Talmud Mishnah + Gemara =
Solomon Philistine invasions, canaanite uprisings, disunity, and idolatry convinced ___________ they needed a king. Built temple.
What does rabbi mean? teacher
Drash manipulations of hte text
When did Judaism begin? 1800 B.C.E
Minor Festivals Hanukkah (lights), Purim (lots)
monotheism belief in a single God
Creation Day 2: Sky & Water
jews living not in israel diaspora
Seder "order" -memorial meal during passover in which jews eat symbolic foods -Matzah(bread)=thin recalling how there was no time for brea to rise in the Hebrews rush to leave Egypt -bone of lamb=sacrificial lamb -Haroseth(Salad of nuts and fruits)=mortar used by Hebrews in their forced labor -story of Exodus is retold and additional plate set at the table for prophet Elijah(hope that he will return to Earth)
prophet A religious figure operating independently of the Temple and its priests in order to speak God's word.
Gan Eden Purley righteous, Spiritual Heaven
Midrash Literally, "search" for meaning; indicates the portion of the oral traditions not incorporated into the Gemara and later recorded separately.
Diaspora In history; the departure of Israelites from Egypt to the holy loand; mass departure of people
polytheism belief in more than one god
Shavuot ...celebrates the first fruits of Summer.
Seminary -organized school for training and study
Islam In medieval Judaism, ______ controls Middle East and North Africa.
Observant Jews avoid speaking God's name out of reverence. true
Sukkot - commemorates when Israelites lived in the wilderness after Exodus- lived in temporary shelters- ingathering of crops (palm frond, myrtle and willow branches, citron)
shat simple, literal meaning of the text.
Gemara Commentaries on the Mishnah connecting it to the written Torah
Mezuza The word means "doorpost" -- a small container with a scripture passage inside
Halakah collective body of Jewish religious law
Tashlich The custom of symbolically casting one's sins into flowing water; performed on Rosh Hashanah
Mt Sinai Where Moses received the Ten Commandments from God
Aninut initial mourning period first two days after death.
yarmulka yiddish word for round head covering word by jewish males
Shekinah God's presence in the world, in Judaism
freed slaves from egypt, wrote down the torah moses
The Pharisees focused on Torah, rather than on the Temple. true
hasidism later form of kabbalah that offers baal shem tov: god is everywhere and must be worshiped/acknowledged in everything
yiddish vernacular mix of mostly german and hebrew
Sin to miss the mark…to not perform one’s responsibility
Nachman Kohen Krochmal a Jewish Austrian philosopher, theologian, and historian.
mitzvot any of the collection of 613 commandments or precepts in the Bible and additional ones of rabbinic origin that relate chiefly to the religious and moral conduct of Jews.
Hasidim Members of a mystical Jewish movement that emerged in eastern Europe in the eighteenth century that focuses on the love of and a personal relationship with God.
the father of patriarch of this group of people abraham
Theodore Herzl Theodor Herzl led the Zionist movement from its formal inception in 1897 until his death in 1904. Herzl outlined his vision for a Jewish state in Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State, 1896).
Ashkenazim Jews who lived in central Europe at one time
Passover was the feast for remebering that God brought his people out of slavery in Egypt
Pantheism is the view that the Universe (Nature) and God are identical; God; or that the universe, or nature, and God are equivalent.
What do prophets do? -spoke out against social injustice -spoke of the future -spread word of the Lord -miraculous events
Elijah prophet - opposed the worship of idols - "real prophet". North Israel
Ramses II The Egyptians suffered under the reign of who?
A form of Judaism that arose in eighteenth-century Eastern Europe and emphasizes mysticism, a personal relationship with God and the community, and the leadership of the zaddik. Hasidism
8 days after male is born he is circumcized
exodus escape from slavery in egypt to the wilderness in search of promised land
Meaning in Morality human beings are social, being together; basic rules by which we interact…set of rules to govern the social interactions
Tabernacle A portable tent shrine built to house the Ark of the Covenant.
Gematria: A field of Jewish mysticism that finds hidden meanings in the numerical value of words.
Dreyfus Affair Alfred Dreyfus was charged with giving military secrets to the German and quickly convicted, even though he wasn't guilty. Triggered Zionism
63 BCE Romans conquer the Land of Israel (eventually install King Herod the Great)
Reformed Jews consider most of the Jewish laws irrelevant to the modern world
shofar a ram's horn blown as a wind instrument, sounded in Biblical times chiefly to communicate signals in battle and announce certain religious occasions and in modern times chiefly at synagogue services on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.
Karaites sect that rejected to oral Torah, only relied in the original text of the scriptures
Shabbat The seventh day of the Jewish week and a day of rest in Judaism
mosses god have him the tora and the 10 comandments
describe Yom Kippur When Jews seek forgiveness from anyone they knew did wrong Major fast of year
Hellenistic Jews By Jesus' time, jews that lived in Diaspora.
Catholic ldr Pop Pius XII signed a contract w Hitler
Ethical Monotheism when we think of god, god expects certain things from human beings…4 instances • 1 – God is not an abstract entity made by philosophers (thing or principle) • 2 – God is not chaotic / unpredictable • 3 – God is not amoral or capricious • 4 – God is not hostile or indifferent to human weakness (ie IS merciful and attentive to weakness)
Yarmulke: skullcap . . . worn by Jews during services and by some Jews at all times. Also known as a kippah.
orthodox jew a Jew who adheres faithfully to the principles and practices of traditional Judaism as evidenced chiefly by a devotion to and study of the Torah, daily synagogue attendance if possible, and strict observance of the Sabbath, religious festivals, holy days,
Moses De Leon a kabalist who wrote the zohar which is a book of mystical writings on which the form of judism, kabbalah is based
Teaching-Nature of Israel-Promised Land Land flowing with milk and honey, symbolizing peace and prosperity
What are 7 aspects of the Law/Torah? monotheism, aniconism, sacrificial cult, priesthood, no divination, comprehensive, purity in diet and sex.
Pessah / Pessach / Pessakh The biblical Spring festival of Passover (Unleavened Bread)
Record of Isreals experience of God What does Conservative Judaism believe about the origins of the Torah?
Rabbi Isaac the Blind Son of Abraham Ben David. Founder of Kabbalah, teaches it to groups of students, who were educated and traditional practitioners. They wanted to engage in this mystical behavior.
to be a jew comes not only from holding a set of beliefs but also from a way of life
Commandments in the sense of Ritual vs. commandments an insiders perspective on a religious practice
when Alexander the Great's army was on its wa yo conguer Egypt it made Israel part of the Greek Empire. Israel was first ctrlled by Egypt and ruled by descendants of Alexanders general Seleucus