Complete List of Terms and Definitions for ANT Exam I
| Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
| edifice | hovel |
| unflinching | irresolute, wavering |
| picture |
Meroitic Writing Meroe Sudan |
| avarice | generosity, liberality, openhandness |
| Profane | the everyday, ordinary |
| mar | beautify, embellish, repair |
| adulation | ridicule derision scorn odium |
| Affinity | relationships formed through marriage |
| Anaphoric | Conversational Device=device that refers back to some word or syntactic category "repetition eliminating" strategy |
| Agriculture | Producing food in farms |
| Beijing | Forbidden City is in _____ |
| Clovis |
•small projectile points and knives—distinct flutefor hafting Clovis: ~13,500-11,000 y.a. •range from SW U.S. to PA to Nova Scotia13 •more generalized subsistence |
| Terracing | agricultural technique which renders land otherwise too steep for most forms of cultivation susceptible to agriculture. |
| Semanticity | (True Language Behavior)The elements of the linguistic signal convey meaning through their stable reference to real world situations |
| correlations with adaptive strategies and political typology |
foraging-->bands horticulture-->tribes agriculture--> pastoralism-->tribes/cheifdems industrialism--> states |
| Dyskinesia: | degenerative condition of basal ganglia |
| Lighter skin | may help absorb Vitamin D |
| marriage alliances | The relationships created between families or kin groups by intermarriage |
| Other San Andres domesticates |
Manioc-6600 BP Sunflower-4600 BP Cotton-4400 BP Dogs-5400-4400 BP27 |
| language | humans transmit culture from one generation to another using |
| ecosystem | Larger ecological community of plants and animals together with physical environment |
| In the film "First Contact" inhabitants of inland New Guinea are shown on film making a first contact with | Australians |
| DNA | •used to store genetic information that codes for the synthesis of proteins.•Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T). |
| Pluralism | a model applied to socially/culturally diverse societies |
| speleothems | carbonate rocks that form in caves |
| Association areas |
Integrate information Each of the major senses has an association area linked to its primary sensory cortex |
| Contractility3 |
~Muscle tissue responds to electrical stimuli by contracting (shortening) ~NOTE: muscles only pull, they don’t push, so opposing muscle actions are caused by shortening of antagonists ~EX: elbow flexion (agonist = biceps, antagonist = triceps), while elbow extension (agonist = triceps, antagonist = biceps) |
| Imagined community | nations are invented, have bounded territorial units, imagined as sovereign, imagined as one community of citizens rely on the construction of collective traditions |
| materialist perspective | A theoretical approach stressing the primacy of infrastructure (material conditions) in cultural research and analysis. |
| anthropological linguistics | subfield that focuses on the interrelationships between language and other aspects of a people's culture |
| Faunal Assemblage | Taphonomy in zooarchaeology is focused on all aspects of the formations of the _____ _____, the group of bones used in the study, from when organisms die to the time they are analyzed |
| Culture change | the gathering of exploitation of resources from different environments resulted in new forms of social organization and cultural attributes |
| Genetrix | biological mother, or the provider of the egg to the zygote from which the ego is developed. |
| Sumerians | The first state-level society, 4850 - 4600BP. 20 city-states, each with their own temple and territory. 4 tiered hierarchy settlement. |
| In Paraguay the use of Spanish predominates in rural areas and Guaraní is more frequently found in urban areas. This is | false |
| Duality of Patterning | (True Language Behavior)Vocal sounds have no intrinsic meaning in themselves but combine in different ways to form elements (words) that convey meaning |
| Qualitative data | Nonstatistical info such as personal life stories and customary beliefs and practices. |
| Cargo Cult | particular type of revitalism that represents a synthesis of old and new religion |
| dating technique that applies to buried bones and groundwater seepage. the longer the bones are underground the more ___ | flourine analysis |
| Domestication | Adaptations in plants & animals to live closely with humans or to be grown for human consumption |
| Ceremonial event in which a village chief publicly gives away stock-piled food and other goods that signify wealth. | Potlach |
| Nike Corporation |
Does not own its own factories Relies on international team of specialists to negotiate with manufacturers, monitor production and arrange shipment |
| ethnicity | This term, rooted in the Greek word ethnikos ("nation") and related to ethnos ("custom"), is the expression for the set of cultural ideas held by an ethnic group. |
| Clyde Warrior | Leader of the National Indian Youth Council in 1967? |
| cultural knowledge | ex. the difference between news and advertisements |
| Pastoral Nomadism | all members of the pastoral society follow the herd throughout the year. |
| Consequences of Agricultural Development | Population growth, destruction of natural environment, population movement, sedentism, leads to increased social and political complexity |
| Social organization | The rules and structures that govern relations within a group of interacting people. Societies are divided into social units (groups) within which are recognized social positions (statuses), with appropriate behavior patterns prescribed for these positions (roles). |
| Upper Paleolithic | Sites distributed from West Europe to Kamchatka, Africa (LSA)Accelerating pace of cultural changeAurignacian 34-29 kBPGravettian 29-22 kBPSalutrean 22-18 kBPMagdelenain 18-11 kBP |
| codeswitching | Changing from one mode of language to another as the situation demands, whether from one language to another or from one dialect of a language to another. |
| biological anthropologist | a specialist in the subfield of antthroplogy who studies humans as a biological species. |
| symbol use varies |
-most societies had multiple and complex usage of strategies -people used exosomatic symbols creatively much as we do today |
| Quadriplegia: | damage to cervical region (all 4 limbs affected) |
| Emergence of Central Government |
Ensure that different interest groups did not infringe on the rights of others Ensured that city was safe from enemies by constructing fortifications Levied taxes and appointed tax collectors |
| cultural universals | elements of culture that exist in all known human groups or societies (tools, shelter, communication) |
| cultural relativism | how does a given culture satisfy the physical and psychological needs |
| Chiefdom | A regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized under a single chief (who is the heaf of a ranked social hierarchy). Unlike autonomous bands and villages, chiefdoms consist of several more or less permanently aligned commuities or settlements. |
| In the United States there was a time when it was believed that linguistic diversity strengthened the development and exchange of ideas. This is: | true |
| Monogamy is the primary form of marriage in most agricultural states. The probable reasonthat this pattern is so prevalent is: | he factthat inagriculturalsocietieswhere land isa scarcecommodity,peasantscannot affordthe luxury ofpolygyny |
| ___ forms are the largest varied group of ___ fossil hominiods and ___ is the best known genus | Asian; Miocene; Sivapithecus |
| Myelinated and unmyelinated axons that allow communication between spinal cord and brain and between different spinal cord segments | Spinal Cord White Matter |
| Culture of poverty theory | popularized by oscar lewis. The cycle of poverty. The poor have a unique value system that reproduces their burdon of poverty and prohibits them from rising above it |
| Stem Family System | Only one married child will remain in the family of orientation. All other children will move out at marriage. There is not more than one conjugal unit in each generation. |
| Art of the Upper Paleolithic | Wester Europe - LascauxFrance - Lazaret= cave paintingsMobilary art = Venus figurines, Wilendorf Austria, Dalni Vestonice, Czechlion-headed man, Stadel Cave, GermanyStylistic markers of territory? |
| What is an arranged marriage | The marriage is arrangaed by family |
| Muscle composition and number |
Compose about 40% of total body weight Almost 600 muscles (about 3 muscles for every bone) |
| Cross comparitive (Stylistic) Dating: | A form of absolute dating, dates an object by comparing it stylistically with an item from another location with a known date- suffers the same issues as serriation. |
| What are the three basic factors of economic systems? | 1. Allocation (ownership)2. Conversion (production)3. Distribution |
| long term production is more stable | What is the benefit of agriculture over horticulture? |
| problems with ethnography of stone tool technology:small sample sizes | few groups remain who make stone tools, and they typically do so for only a limited range of tasks |
| Describe the role of silence in the languages we have looked at in Apache and Guugu Yimidhirr |
Apache: Silence is used in situations in which participants perceive their relationships with one another to be ambiguous and/or especially unpredictable. GY: Silence used as a sign of respect towards mother-in-laws. |
