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AMs
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morning newspapera
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Steve Jobs
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iTues, iPod
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Ayer's
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First ad agency
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telegraph
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electricity-enabled long distance communication, used mostly from point A to point B
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individualism
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individuals focusing on enterprisingtories rather than in groups talking about how large corporations and instituions work and fail
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CBS
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Columbia Broadcasting System; moved soap operas from the radio to the TV; 1 of the Big Three major broadcasting networks; began with radio and had affiliates which were local radio stations that played their programming; founder-William Paley; shows included I Love Lucy, Twilight Zone
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Project Gutenberg
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first online digital library
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Magazine Genres
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Entertainment- literature, engravings, images and color (sensorial accomplishment), Political- provided a more lengthy and interperative form of reporting then newspapers, Youth Magazines
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*Redundancy
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Advertising people learn the importance of redundancy early on. To be effective, an advertising message must be repeated, perhaps thousands of times. Redundancy is expensive, however, to increase effectiveness at less cost, advertisers use several techniques:
1.) Barrages: Scheduling advertisements in intensive bursts called Flights or Waves (Intense repetition of ads)
2.) Bunching: Promoting a product in a limited period, such as running advertisements for school supplies in late August and September
3.) Trailing: Running condensed versions of advertisements after the original has been introduced, as automakers do when they introduce new models with multipage magazine spreads and follow with single-page placements.
4.) Multimedia Trailing: Using less expensive media to reinforce expensive advertisements. Relatively cheap drive-time radio in major markets is a favorite follow-through to expensive television advertisements created for major events like the Super Bowl.
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Lee de Forest
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First radio broadcast
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Wayland Ayer
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founded the first ad agency
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Major Buddhist Monuments
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-Nalanda University
-Sarnath (Buddha's first sermon)
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shelter magazines
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Genre comprising traditional women's, home-improvement titles.
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The ________ doctrine emerged following the case where police were upheld in jailing Walter Chaplinsky.
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Fighting Words
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Herbert Gans
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Concluded that journalist have mainstream values
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*Stonewalling
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To refuse to answer questions, sometimes refusing even to meet with reporters
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Liking
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Gradify request of people we like
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Segmentation
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Divides audience up based on demographics, geo-demographics, behavior, and psychographics
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synergy
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refers to any combination of forces that results in a whole that is more than the sum of its parts
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social Darwinism
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application to society of Darwin's survival of the fittest theory
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broadcast visionary who built RCA and NBC Radio and TV
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Sarnoff
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Lumiere brothers
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Opened first motion picture exhibition hall
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rational thinking abilities
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the cognitive processing of information by considering options based on conscious comparison of influencing factors.
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critical process
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the process whereby a media-literate person or student studying mass communication forms and practices employs the techniques of description, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, and engagement.
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jazz journalism
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Updated yellow journalism, often in tabloid format and featuring photography
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Owen Young
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CEO of General Electrics formed RCA
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*Cyber News
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Upstart websites wield influence that could never have been imagined a quarter century ago. Some of the sites are in the tradition of detached, neural reporting.
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Harm Principle
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Individual liberty may be reasonably restricted to prevent harm to others.
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Prior restraint
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governmental efforts or actions to prevent something from being published, broadcast, or distributed; such action would normally be prohibited by the First Amendment.
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Mean World Syndrome
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viewers with heavy, long-term exporsure to television are more likely to believe that the external world is a mean and dangerous place.
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Network Good
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The more someone uses something, the more value it is worth (Facebook, celebrities)
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Marxism
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The theory created by Karl Marx and Frederich Engels that centers on communism and its inevitability.
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capitalism (2)
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An economic system with private owners operating trade and industry for profit
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The purpose of the antitrust laws is to encourage diversity and competition in the market place.
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True
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What is the Judeo-Christian principle for ethical behavior?
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Do unto others
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B movie
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low budget movie, usually with little artistic aspiration
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41) Frederick Douglass helped found which newspaper? He used this paper to address problems facing African Americans around the country, and it offered a forum for him to debate his fellow African American activists.
a) Freedom Fighter
b) Freedom's Journa
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c) North Star
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Libel
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a piece of writing or spech which contains bad and false thing about a person
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Define Utilitarianism.
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Seeking the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. Good of the many outweigh the good of the few
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Broadband
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a network connection that allows for a large amount of bandwidth to be transmitted, which means that more information to be sent in a shorter period of time.
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false light
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portray an individual in an offensive manner
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redundancy technique
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barrages - waves of the same ad, bunching - promoting certain products and certain times, trailing - running condenscend and full length forms of one ad, multimedia trailing
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Fair Use of Copyright
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the limited use of copyrighted material for instructional, review or other purposes.
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Irony
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p ~p, ex. pleasant and relaxed as a coiled rattlesnake (there is a rise of savvy ironic culture)
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artificial life
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games that players in control of a character in make believe situations
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share
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the percentage of tv sets in use that are tuned to a particular show
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Federalist Papers
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Essays with diverse views on the form the new nation should take
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Judeo - Christian tradition
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Golden Rule. Fouded by US Society
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John Peter Zenger
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New York journalist and printer who was arrested for libel and then acquitted in 1735. His lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, established the principle that truth is a defense for libel and helped provide basis for press freedom.
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structure of PR organization
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should be intimately involved in the decision making process. PR can keep company/organization well aware of how policy changes will affect their various publics. Head of PR is usually a Vice President level position in larger companies
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Deficit Spending
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Producing a tv show for lots of money per episode, selling it at a discounted rate, and when the show gets rerun they will makes lots of money
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16) True or false: When there are two studies based on the same data set, prestigious medical journals will sometimes accept the study in favor of a drug that is funded by a pharmaceutical company and reject the study that refused corporate funding.
a) Tr
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a) True
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Advertising vs. Editorial Journalism
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There is a wall between advertising and editorial journalism because advertisers sell ads and journalist report with integrity. If Strawbridge's gives the paper millions fo dollars in ads and a story leaks saying they're discriminating against their workers, they'll call and say "don't run this story." However, because there is (should be) a wall between advertising and journalism, the journalist should still post the story.
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The aftermath of this event caused the nation to become a \"TV Nation\"
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The Kennedy Assassination
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Basic Model of Human Communication
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Model attempting to decribe the human communication process. Developed by Shannon and Weaver when trying to imporve telephone communication. What basic linear model did not include was the idea that communication has an EFFECT (people transmit messages that have some influence when they are recieved and interpreted). Message source-->Transmitter-->Signal-->Reciever-->Destination w/ NOISE at all stages
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Do the media cause violence?
a) Definitely yes
b) Definitely no
c) Research hasn't yielded conclusive answers
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c) Research hasn't yielded conclusive answers
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What are the main methods advertisers use to influence their audience?
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Providing New Information, Emphasizing Existing Practices, Modifying Inclinations
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Sociolist Herbert Gans did a study on newsroom cultures and he found several working values were shared by most news workers. What were the values?
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Ethnocentrism, responsible capitalism, small town pastorialism, and individualism.
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Attack ads can best be described as
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especially savage ads criticizing an opponent, many playing loosely with the context or facts
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What is the spiral of silence.
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Suppression of a less popular view, the majority is strengthened, and the minority is silenced
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What restrictions on media activities help protect the privacy of individuals?
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You cannot tap telphone lines, peer with telephoto lenses, break into homes, offices or hospital rooms.
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Wire Services / Telegraph (1870's-1890's) (2)
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1. Led to the rise of the Associate Press (1892): group of field reporters that provide stories to local editors
2. Led to inverted pyramid
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What were the opposing viewpoints in the debate bw Walter Lippmann and John Dewey about the role of media in a democracy and the ability of citizens to engage in political decision-making?
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Walter Lippman believed in the phantom public where they should leave decision making up to elite and media should supply info.
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23) A VNR is
a) A type of information subsidy
b) A news package created by a news network for its local affiliates
c) An example of the custodian of fact model of reporting
d) Press credentials given to favorable journalists for covering news conferences
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a) A type of information subsidy
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What is the agenda-setting theory? How does it explain the impact of news on audiences?
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when the mass media pay attention to particular events or issues they determine, set the agenda for, the major topics of discussion for individuals and society. The more stories the news media do on a particular subject, the more importance audiences atta
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how are the modern mass media changing the concept of what it means to be literate?
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they have expanded it to whether you can read and write to whether you can use the internet to gain knoledge
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