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licensing
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VRIO
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Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Organization. This framework helps to understand whether strengths will give a competitive advantage
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Mission
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the organization’s reason for existence
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differentiation
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actually differentiating the market offering to create superior customer value
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Physical structures
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unique setting, building, or workplace
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job analysis
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a systematized procedure for collecting and recording information about jobs within an organization
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Knowledge management
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the process of systematically gathering knowledge, making it widely available throughout the organization, and fostering a culture of learning
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Personality
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The stable physical and mental characteristics responsible for a person's identity.
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delegating
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low initiating structure and ow consideration --responsibility turned over to employees
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intuition
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the immediate comprehension of a decision situation based on past experience but without conscious thought
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the organization's mix of strategic business units and products that fit together in such away as to provide the corporation with synergy and competitive advantage.
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SBU
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Merchandise Inventory
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The account wholesalers and retailers use the report inventory held for resale
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managing diversity
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is building an inclusive work environment that allows everyone to reach their full potential
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reactive change
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a piecemeal response to circumstances as they develop
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integration
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the use of favors, compliments, or friendly behavior to make the target feel better about the influencer
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Organization
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a set of people coordinating their activities in pursuit of goals
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flexibility
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the ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach
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Trends in Workforce Diversity
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Age
Gender
Race & Ethnicity
Sexual Orientation
The Disabled
Mis-matched educationally
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Behavioral era 1930-1950's
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human relations movement, dissatisfied employees- don't work as hardsatisfy employees- work harder and betterhawthorn studies- light, productivity up, knew they were being watched, Elton Mayo
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concept testing
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testing new-roduct concepts with a group of target consumers to find out if the concepts have strong consumer appeal
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trait activation
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suggest that some situations provide cues that trigger the expression of a given traits
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Define contrast effect
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Evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics
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leader favors a consensual and colaborative process. Influence derives from relationships rather than power and authority
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people-oriented behavior
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OUTPUTS
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GOODS & SERVICES THAT THE BUSINESS PRODUCES
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Whistle-blowing
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the act of an employee exposing an employer's wrongdoing to outsiders, such as the media or government regulatory agencies
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collective bargaining
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the process of agreeing on a satisfactory labor contract between management and a union
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Internal Recruitment
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1. Job posting - advertising avilable jobs thru bulletion boards, or lists 2. Employee Referrals3. Temporary worker pools
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greenmail
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__ is the repurchase of shares of stock that have been acquired by the aggressor at a premium in exchange for an agreement that the aggressor will no longer target the company for takeover
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team building roles
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behaviors that influence the quality of the team's social climate
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horizontal acquisition
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the acquisition of a company competing in the same industry as the acquiring firm is a __
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self fulfilling prophecy
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situation in which one person inaccurately perceives another person, resulting perception causes person to behave based on perception
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influence
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the use of an actual behavior that causes behavioral or attitudinal changes in others
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marketing strategy
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the marketing logic by which the company hopes to create customer value and achieve profitable customer relationships
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mission statement
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a broadly stated definition of the organization's basic business scope and operations that distinguishes it from similar types of organizations
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tendency to see one's own personal traits in other people
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perceptual defense
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buyer returns item
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dr. sales returns and alloances (contra rev), cr. accts receivable
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Reward Power
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all managers have; power that results from managers' authority to reward their subordinates
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functional (u-form) design
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an organization design based on the functional approach to departmentalization
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Describe shareholder liability.
What are the limits of a shareholder‟s liability? Are shareholders‟ personal assets subject to the claims of corporate creditors? If so, when and under what circumstances? What does it mean when a creditor “pierces t
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Shareholder Liability is limited to the amount of their investment in the corporation. Personal assets of shareholders are not subject to the claims of corporate creditors. A creditor who successfully pierces the corporate veil can collect from the personal assets of shareholders…
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entrepeneurship
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A process, but one that is complex and full of ups and downs, false starts, dead ends, forward visioning and backward sensemakingIt involves relations, bricolage, improvisation
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e-Commerce
(electronic commerce)
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The buying and selling of goods over computer networks.
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Procedural justice
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- focuses on whether the system treats people fairly, regardless of end result
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transfer of training
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occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job
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Types of Culture
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Strong vs. Weak1. Strong culture is characterized by the organizations core values being both intensely held and widely shared2. Weak culture is characterized by vagueness, ambiguity, and/or inconsistencies
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What are organizational strengths?
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They are skills and aabilities enabling an organization to concieve of and implement strategies.
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Operational Definition
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A precise description of how to do the measuring/counting.ex. for counting the amount of time it takes to get to school. -The (OD) would be whether you start your clock when you get out of the door, start the car, open your car?
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Secured Party v. Lien Creditor
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A Secured Party whose security interest has attached to the collateral and been perfected prevails over a Lien Creditor who has acquired a lien on the same property. If the security interest hasn't been perfected, he doesn't prevail over a Lien Creditor. // A Secured Party who has a PMSI AND FILES A FINANCING STATEMENT (not normally required for PMSI) within 10 days after the Debtor receives possession of the collateral prevails over a Lien Creditor whose rights arose after the Secured Party's interest attached to the collateral, but before perfection.
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job characteristics model
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a model of job design that comprises core job dimensions, critical psychological states, and employee growth-need strength
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quotas
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a set limit on the number or volume of imported products
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What are the characteristics of the Administrative Management Theory?
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-Henri Fayol
-Operating principle based on unity of command
- exception principle (if something isn't normal, talk to manager, if not, don't.)
-Span of control (people report to manager)
-Scalar principle
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How would you improve productivity?
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by improving operations and increasing employee involvement
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Licensing agreement
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occurs when a firm pays a fee for the right to make or sell another company's products
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What are charitable subscriptions? Are they enforceable despite a lack of consideration?
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Charitable subscription is a promise to make payment to a charitable organization; a pledge; it is enforceable even though the charity gives nothing in exchange.
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decision making styles, day to day behaviors, and behaviors that fall outside of a leader's typical duties
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3 types of leader actions
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What is availlability Bais?
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People have a tendency to judge the likelylhood that something will happen by the ease with which they can cal examples to mind.
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conclusions of the dominance model
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1. A business can keep prices high, if it can keep competitors out.Anti-trust violations.2. Can influence the law through lobbying and contributions (see Washington State Supreme Court races, 2006).3. A business may influence how its employees behave, even off the job.Smoking off the job?4. Businesses may affect the environment.Example: Externalities.
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What happens after incorporating is complete?
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- after paperwork of incorporation is complete, a corporation must begin the day-to-day operations with an initial meeting. At this meeting , the officers of the corporation are elected and bylaws are adopted to govern corporate procedures
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What is the role of a Spokesperson?
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Transmits and communicate to the public.
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What is the Historical Perspective on Motivation according to the Traditional Approach?
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The assumptions where that: Managers know more than workers, Ecnonomic gain is the primary motivation for performance, and work is inherently unpleaseant.
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What do Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 1 and the Sixteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution give Congress the power to do?
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It gives congress its power of taxation. “The Congress shall have power to lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises…” The 16th Amendment gives this power; “The Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several states, and without regard to any census or enumeration.”
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bank reconciliation - adjusted cash bal per books
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cash bal per books, add errors and collection of notes receivable, less bank memoranda
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The Importance of Theory
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a. A theory is simply a conceptual framework of organizing knowledge and providing a blueprint for action.
b. Most management theories that are used to build organizations and guide them toward their goals are grounded in reality.
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What are some Disadvantages of Product Departmentalization?
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1) managers may focus on their product to the exclusion of the rest of the organization 2) Administrative costs may increase due to each department having its own fucntional-area expert
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What can happen if a business refuses an inspection?
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If they refuse the agency can obtain a warrants and return for mandatory inspection.
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abraham maslow
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movere
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Latin word for movement
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external fit
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between strategy and environment
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harmonizer, encourager, compromiser
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team building roles
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arbitration
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binding decision by neutral 3rd party
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• When did the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) first appear?
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1940’s
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line manager
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in direct chain of command
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Strategic Allies
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Describes the relationships two organizations who join forces to achieve advantages neither can perform as well alone.
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centralization
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reflects where decisions are formally made in organizations
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planning
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the act of determining the organization's goals and the means for achieving them
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personal characteristics; early efforts to understand leadership success and focused on leader's characteristics.
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great man approach
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Coordination loss
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Consumes time and energy that could otherwise be devoted to task
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whistleblower
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exposes the misdeeds of others in organizations
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High Technology
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Those in which the underlying scientific knowledge that company's in the industry use in advancing rapidly and so are the attributes of the product's adn services that result from its applicationex) computer industry telecommunications
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task performance
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employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces
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Learned Needs-Power
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desire to influence and control others, persuade and prevail. motivated by responsibility for whole tasks and influence decision making
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patent examples
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creation or invention of new, improvements to existing, processes, designs used in manufacting (only 14 years), asexually reprouced plants, livin material that was created by man, cloning, generically engineered plants
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economic dimension
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the dimension of the general environment representing the overall economic health of the country or region in which the organization operates
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auditor-independent rule
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- can't audit someone you advise
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fad
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a temporary period of unusually high sales driven by consumer enthusiasm and immediate product or brand popularity
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comprehensive interdependence
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requires the highest level of interaction and coordination among members as they try to accomplish work
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voluntary action
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good PR, THON, Ron McDon House
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the range between one party's minimum reservation point and the other partiy's maximum reservation point
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BATNA
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ACHIEVING SUPERIOR QUALITY & INNOVATION IS INTEGRAL TO ACHIEVING SUPERIOR ________________________.
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RESPONSIVENESS TO CUSTOMERS
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Primary Stakeholders
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those who are critical to the company’s survival and success:Investors (equity)Creditors (debt)EmployeesSuppliersWholesale distributors and retailersCustomers
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Additional Terms
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When the offeree communicates that he intends to accept an offer but adds different or new terms: a.) If oferee's response indicates acceptance of the offer, a contract is formed, even if the acceptance includes additional or different terms. b.) It isn't an acceptance if the modifications are conditional on the offeror's assent. c.) See: Merchant v. Non-merchant rules.
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Peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing
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swapping music, movies, software, and other files
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Tactical goals
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goals that define the outcomes that major divisions and departments must achieve for the organization to reach its overall goals
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action teams
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perform tasks that are usually limited in duration but are quite complex and take place in contexts that are either highly visible to an audience or of a highly challenging nature
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job satisfaction
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a positive feeling about ones job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics
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visibility
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how aware others are of a leader's power and position
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Engel's laws
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differences noted more than a century ago by Ernst Engel in how people shift their spending across food, housing, transportation, health care, and other goods and services categories as family income rises
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Define Motivation
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The willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need.
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Individual communication barriers
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include problems with emotions and erceptions held by employees. People with different backgrounds or knowledge may interpret communication in different ways. Selecting the wrong channel or medium for sending a communication an be a problem. Semantics can cause problems. Sending inconsistent cues between verbal and nonverbal can also confuse the receiver.
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What does SWOT stand for?
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Strengths, Weakenesses, Opportunities, and Threats
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Newcomer orientation
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session is a common form of training during which new hires to learn more about the organization.
*Effective way to start the socialization process
*Effective transmitters of socialization content.
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small business
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a business that is privately owned by one individual or a small group of individuals and has sales and assets that are not large enough to influence its environment
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Tort
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Civil wrong. P desires $ to make up for wrong.
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Bounded rationality
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the concept that people have the time and cognitive ability to process only a limited amount of information on which to base decisions
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Cognitive dissonance
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a condition in which two attitudes or a behavior and an attitude conflict
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task interdependence
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refers to the degree to which team members interact with and rely on other team members for the information, materials, and resources needed to accomplish work for the team
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project GLOBE
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purpose is to examine the impact of culture on the effectiveness of various leader attributes, behaviors, and practices
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Ability Losses
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The presence of others can lead to performance decrements. -Distraction-Social Facilitation vs. Social Inhibition
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What are Nominal Groups?
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they are structured technique designed to generate creative and innovate ideas through the indivual conributions of alternatives that are winnowed down through a series of rank ordering of the alternatives to reach a decision.
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Modern view of stakeholder model
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corporations exist within society and have a "social contract" with the society.Reasons:1.Companies only exist because the society and government have given them the right to exist, by creating the rules.2.As companies have gained more power, society expects more of them.
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Advantages of First Mover (5)
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1. exploit network effects2. brand loyalty3. scale economies and learning effects4. create switching costs5. accumulate valuable knowledge
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Management By Objectives
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Peter Drucker; A process in which a manager and an employee agree upon a set of specific performance goals, or objectives, and jointly develop a plan for reaching them
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Golden Rule
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- treat others the way you would want to be treated
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Administrative Due Process Rule
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Parties affected by an agency action must be given notice of the pending action, informing them of their opportunity to be heard on the proposed action by an unbiased tribunal.
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What is operations Management?
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The set of managerial activities used by an organization to transform resources inputs into porducts, servies, or both.
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Types of Discharge by Agreement (Four Types)
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Mutual rescission, discharge by novation, substituted agreement, discharge by accord and satisfaction.
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What obligation do principals also have?
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- The obligations of principals is to indemnify agents for expenses the agents incur in carrying out the principal’s orders
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physiological strains
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occur in in at least 4 systems of the human body; reduced effectiveness of immune system; harm cardiovascular system; musculoskeletal system problems; gastrointestinal system problems
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VALUE CHAIN
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THE IDEA THAT A COMPANY IS A CHAIN OF ACTIVITIES FOR TRANSFORMING INPUTS INTO OUTPUTS VALUED BY CUSTOMERS
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Contracts for the commission of a tort; contracts conflicting with public service
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against public policy. // Contracts that interfere with a public officer's duties are contrary to public policy. Public officials can't enter into contracts that cause a conflict of interest between their offical duties and private interests.
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• Describe the differences among the States with regards to any lack of uniformity of contract law.
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States do not follow the same case decisions on contract law and some states do not follow the Restatement. The result is that the different rules apply to contracts in different states.
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Benefits of Social Capital on your Health
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-Fostering connection with others has been associated with "meaningful life" and happiness-More diverse social networks are associated with greater resistance to upper respiratory illnessk, and a longer life!
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When does Role ambiguity occur?
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It occurs when the sent role is unclear.
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Why would “fair market value” be important when considering just compensation?
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The buyer needs to even or profit.
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What is a Strategic Goal?
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They are goals set by and for top management of the organization that address broad, general issues.
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Prerequisite and 3 Requirements of HDC
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Must first be a holder. 1.) Must take the instrument FOR VALUE. 2.) Must take the instrument in GOOD FAITH. 3.) Must receive without notice of defect (reasonable person standard). Defects = overdue instrument, dishonored instrument, unauthorized signature, altered instrument, incomplete/irregular instrument.
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What is the Civil Rights Act of 1991?
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Amended the original Civil Rights Act, making it easier to bring discrimination lawsuits while also limiting punitive damages that can be awarded in those lawsuits.
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What are options and can they be revoked?
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An option is a contract in which the offeree pats the offeror for the time needed to consider the offer. Under common law and option cannot be revoked.
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theory x
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openness to experience
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inquisitive, artistic
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FSNPA
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Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning
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realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional
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RIASEC model
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Affirmitive Action
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encourage employment of minorities
US Census/SMSA
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Deep differences
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underlying, differences hard to observe, such as personality, background, beliefs, and attitudes, that often lead to conflict or lack of cohesionno evidence of this diversity impacting performance/viability from our survey!
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organizational environment
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all elements outside the organization's boundaries that have the potential to affect the organization
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multi-divisional structures
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bureaucratic; employees are grouped into divisions around products, geographic regions, or clients
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leadership v. management
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leadership promotes vision, creativity, change
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job redesign
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restructure work to fit job match
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gambling
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The creation of risk and distribution of property by chance among persons who have given consideration in order to participate. Gambling contracts are illegal and thus VOID.
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Friedman Doctrine
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The only social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long as the company stays within the rules of the law
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socialization
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the primary process by which employees learn the social knowledge that enables them to understand and adapt to the organizations culture
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job enrichment
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increase degree of responsibility a worker has over a job
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causation
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breach must cause the harm
two types: cause in fact and actual case
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legal-political dimension
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the dimension of the general environment that includes federal, state, and local government regulations and political activities designed to influence company behavior
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Vertical Monopoly
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- production, servicing
- no 3rd party help, you do everything
-force the consumer to go to you only
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test marketing
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the stage of new-product development in which the product and marketing program are tested in realistic market settings
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reciprocal interdependence
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members are specialized to perform specific tasks; interact with a subset of other members to complete the team's work
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entrepreneurship (org)
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the buying, selling, and bringing together of the factors of production
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Best alternative to a negotiated agreement
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social faciitation
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LEAN PRODUCTION
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A RANGE OF MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES DESIGNED TO REDUCE SETUP TIMES FOR COMPLEX EQUIPMENT, INCREASE THE USE OF INDIVIDUAL MACHINES THROUGH BETTER SCHEDULING, & IMPROVE QUALITY CONTROL AT ALL STAGES OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS. AKA FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURIN
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The Three Major Economic Systems
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1. Socialism2. Communism3. Capitalism
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The Behavioral management Perspective
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The behavioral management perspective places much more emphasis on individual attitudes and behaviors and upon group processes.
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First-line
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managers who are at the first or second management level and are directly responsible for the production of goods and services
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Tactical plans
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plans designed to help execute major strategic plans and to accomplish a specific part of the company’s strategy
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Wonderlic Personnel Test
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12-minute test of general cognitive ability that consists of 50 questions
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External Stakeholders
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People or groups in the organization's external environment that are affected by it.
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self motivation
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ability to persist through set backs and failures
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internalization, compliance, resistance
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three possible responses people have to influence tactics
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Emotional intelligence
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a human ability that affects social functioning.
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Define Attribution Theory
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When individuals observe a behavior they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused
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communication apprehension
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an individual's level of fear or anxiety associated with interpersonal communcations.
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What is Intuition?
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An innate belief about something without conscious consideration
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If a company overstates it's ending inventory for the current year, what are the effects on cost of goods sold and net income for the current year?
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A. Understated overstated
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managerial innnovation
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a change in the management process in an organization
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Two types of privileged speech (defamation)
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Absolute: judicial proceedings, legislative proceedings. Qualified (conditional): made in good faith to those with a legitimate interest in the communication.
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Psychological safety
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shared belief that it is safe for individuals to speak up and make mistakessupported in survey data!
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Halo effect
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an overall impression of a person or situation based on one characteristic, either favorable or unfavorable
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group
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a _________ is a collection of two or more people
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leader staff teams
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the leader makes decisions for the team and provides direction and control over members who perform assigned tasks, so this distinction makes sense in that the responsibilities of the leader and the rest of the team are distinct
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Personal Bases of Power
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1. Expert power2. Referent power3. Charismatic power
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What is Coalition?
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a positive or negative political force in decision making which consists of an informal alliance of individuals or groups formed to achieve a goal.
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Quotes on Economic crisis of 2009
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Obama in inauguration address- “[o]ur economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices…” “this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control”Thomas Friedman- “this financial meltdown involved a broad national breakdown in personal responsibility, government regulation and financial ethics. So many people were in on it:"
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Benefit of a good company culture
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increases integration and improves coordination among organizational members
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total factor productivity
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the ratio of total outputs to the inputs from labor, capital, materials and energy
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What is a corporation?
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an artificial person
it is owned by its stockholders
it has rights and responsibilities
it substitutes itself for its shareholders when 'doing business'
It is liable for its actions, but shareholders are not personally liable, except insofar as the value of their equity
board of directors elected by shareholders, responsible for corporate policy
board of directors hires officers, who run day-to-day operations
fundamental duty is to make money for stockholders/owners
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10 manager roles & their categories
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* Informational-Monitor - seeking current information from many sources-Disseminator - opposite of monitor; transmit information to others, inside and out.-Spokesperson - making official statements to people outside the organization
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What are Line Positions?
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Positions in the direct chain of command responsible for the achievement of an organization's goals. They have formal authority
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business process change (reengineering)
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the radical redesign of all apects of a business to achieve major improvements in cost, service, or time.
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Exception to Publication Requirement, defamation
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1.) stmt that person has loathsome, communicable disease. 2.) stmt that person has committed improprieties in their profession or trade. 3.) stmt that person has committed or been imprisoned for a serious crime. 4.) stmt that unmarried woman is unchaste.
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rational decision making model
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offers a step by step approach to making decisions that maximize outcomes by examingina ll available alternatives
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What is the meaning of Quality?
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The totality of features and characterisitics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.
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Parent's liability for minor child's contract and torts
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Parent isn't liable for performance of a contract made by his minor child unless the parent personally obligated himself as a party to the contract, or the contract was for necessaries which the parent failed to furnish. Generally, parents aren't liable for torts committed by their minor children, but may be liable for negligence in failing to exercise parental control over their minor children.
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In a sole proprietorship, who is liable for any business loans? What can happen if there is a default on such loans?
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-the proprietor is personally liable for any business loans.
- his or her assets are subject to attachment should a default occur
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The management skills and describe them
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conceptual skills - mental ability to see organization as a wholehuman skills - ability to work through other people. Ability to Motivate, coordinate, and resolve conflict.technical skills - the understanding in the performance of a specific task.
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What are some benefits of teams?
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(1) give more responsiblity for task performance to the workers who do the tasks (20 Empower workers by giving them grateer authority and decision-aking freedom (3) allow organizations to capitalize on the knowledge and motivation of their workers (4) Enable the organization to shed its bureaucray and to promote flexibility and responsiveness.
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Describe the authority of general partners in limited partnerships.
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- the authority of the general partner in a limited partnership is the same as the authority of the partners in a general partnership
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What are some advantages of Unrelated Diversification?
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It alllows for stable performance over time due to business cycle differences among the multiple businesses. Allocation of resources to areas with the highest return potentials to maximize corporate performance.
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What situation is Charlotte Health System facing (case)?
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They must prove that they are a profit center through metrics.-NEED clear direct measureable costs---->start with direct and indirect(How much does turnover cost an org?)Visible:-Training-Separation-Selection-Relocation-Bonuses-Vacancy (temps)Invisible/Reduced Prduction:-Lost of productivity of vacant position-Loss of tacit knowledge-Other employee attitudes suffers (lost of productivity of other employees during vacancy)-Loss of image/referals
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What are firms having to do for Dual-Career Familes?
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Firms are increasingly having to make accommodations for dual-career parners by: delaing transfers, offering employment to spouses, providing more felixble work schedules and benefits packages.
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What three things does a court look at in order to determine the intent of the parties to contract?
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Courts look at how a reasonable person would perceive the language, the surrounding circumstances, and the actions of the parties in determining whether a contract was formed.
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Norming
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resolving conflicts
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intrapreneurship
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corporate entrepreneurship, the concept of suing entrepreneurial thinking within the complexity and bureaucracy of a large organization
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zimbardo experiment
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rolesroles are internalized illustrates power of socialization
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cognitive ability
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SAT measures what ability
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Business Ethics
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principles and standards that determine acceptable conduct in business
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Strategic Goals & Objectives
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Mid-term, somewhat broad
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interview
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serves as a two-way communication channel that allows both the organization and the applicant to collect info that otherwise might be difficult to obtain
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consultation
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this tactic increases commitment from the target
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matrix organizations
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characterized by dual reporting relationships in which some persons report to two supervisors-functional and product manageradv-maximum flexibility for stocks, functional specialization, product focusdisadv-complicated, violates managerial rules?
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antagonistic interaction in which one party attempts to blick the intentions or goals of another.
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groupthink
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business
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an organization that provides goods or services that are then sol to earn profits
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team organizatoin
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an organization that relies almost exclusively on project-type teames, with little or no underlying functional hierarchy.
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machiavellianism
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behavior directed at gaining power and controlling the behavior of others
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task coordinator activities
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involve communications that are intended to coordinate task related issues with people or groups in other functional areas
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autonomy
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__ is a dimension that allows employees to take actions that are free of organizational constraints and permits individuals and groups to be self-directed
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malicious prosectution
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wrongful use of legal proceeding, civil or criminal
hard to win- must win all lawsuits against you then must prove that opposing party had no probable cause and must prove malicious conduct
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culture
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the set of key values, beliefs, understandings, and norms that members of an organization share
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disposition based
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means that your personality traits included a general propensity to trust others
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moderate positive
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conscientiousness has what effect on performance and commitment
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strategic mgmt process
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establish mission, analyze swot, strategy formulation, strategy implementation
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economic rewards are provided to employees for high performance. The emphasis on pay evolved into the perception of workers as economic people, people who would work harder for higher pay.
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Human relations
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Observable Artifacts
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physical manifestations such as manner of dress, awards, myths, and stories about the company, rituals and ceremonies, and decorations as well as visible behavior exhibited by managers and employees
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benevolence
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the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives
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Affirmative Action
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special efforts to recruit and hire qualified members of groups that have been discriminated against in the past.-actively strive to correct imbalances-set goals and time-tables-preferential treatment-temporary-may be voluntary
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Task environment
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the layer of the external environment that directly influences the organization’s operations and performance
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structural stability
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__ provides the capacity the firm requires to consistently and predictably manage its daily work routines
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Stamina
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the ability of a person's lungs and circulatory system to work efficiently while he/she is engaging in prolonged physical activity
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002
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Establishes the standards for proper financial record keeping for public companies and penalties for non-compliance.
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Utilitarianism
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'People should act so as to generate the greatest good to the greatest number'
-outcomes matter
-actual consequences hard to determine
- cost/benefit analysis
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organizational design
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the process of creating, selecting, or changing the structure of an organization
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communion striving
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reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality
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strategies for influencing the environment
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cooperative action, independent action, moving to a different environment
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application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction.
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job simplification for motivation
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MASS CUSTOMIZATION
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THE ABILITY OF COMPANIES TO USE FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY TO CUSTOMIZE OUTPUT AT COSTS NORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH MASS PRODUCTION
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encouraging ethicalbehavior involves
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adopting written codes of conduct and establishng clear ethical positions for the conduct of business
having top management demonstrate its upport of ethical standards
johnsona dn johnson- cynaide and tylenol
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Fair Labor Standards Act- 1938
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Creates exempt (salaried) and nonexempt (hourly) employee categories, governing overtime and other rules; sets minimum wage, child-labor laws.
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Causation, two types
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These two MUST exist. Causation in fact, proximate cause.
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continuous reinforcement schedule
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a schedule in which every occurrence of the desired behavior is reinforced
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Charismatic leader
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a leader who has the ability to motivate subordinates to transcend their expected performance
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Conflict Resolution- Dominating
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: ‘I win, you lose’, person pursues own interest at expense of other party, conflict is a game, uses threats, arguments, persuasion and direct orders. Recommended when there is a crisis, no time to disagree or discuss, issue is not debatable, unpopular but necessary decisions
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Response orientation
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refers to the ability to choose the right action quickly in response to several different signals
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*Interpersonal- Figurehead - handling of ceremonial and symbolic functions for the organization- Leader - relationship with subordinates including motivation, communication, and influence.- Liason - development of information sources inside and outside.
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*Decisional- Entrepreneur - initiation of change. Seek ways to solve problems and improve.- Disturbance handler - resolving conflicts amond subordinates.- Resource allocator - allocating resources in order to attain desired outcomes- Negotiator - formal negotiations and bargaining to attain outcomes for manager's unit of responsibility.
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PROCESS INNOVATION
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PRODUCTS AND DELIVERING THEM TO CUSTOMERS
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satisfier factor
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is found in job content, such as a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, or personal growth
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job evaluation
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an attempt to assess the worth of each job relative to other jobs
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
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evaluates individuals on the basis of four types of preferences:Extraversion vs. IntroversionSensing vs. IntuitionThinking vs. FeelingJudging vs. Perceiving
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3 Types of Organizational Power
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1. Legitimate- Title2. Reward- can give rewards3. Coercive- Power to punish
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change in behavior or performance that occurs as the result of experience.
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Learning Cycle:Concrete experience (Diverger) -> reflective observation (Assimilator)-> abstract conceptualization (Converger)-> active experimentation (Accomodator) ->
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What was sniff (from Who Moved My Cheese)?
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he was adapatable
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New forms of organization:Restructuring
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the process of changing a company by selling or buying plants or lines of businesses, or laying off employees.
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The Intuition Ethic
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What is good or right is understood by an inner moral sense based on character development and felt as intuition. (G.E. Moore in Principia Ethica)
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decision informity, staff validity, hierarchical sensitivity
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what factors account for a team's ability to make effective decisions?
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What is Total Quality Management?
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A Stragic commitment by top management to change its whole approach to business and to make qulity a uiding factor in everythin the organization does.
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Bankruptcy (discharge by operation of law)
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A discharge in bankruptcy operates as a release of a debtor from most debts and contractual obligations. After a decree of discharge in bankruptcy is issued by a bankruptcy court, a partial payment by a debtor will not revive the obligation.
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What do the initials UETA and UCITA stand for?
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Uniform Electronic Transactions Act: is a uniform law drafted in 1999, was promulgated in response to contracts being formed over the Internet and includes provisions on issues such as electronic signatures. Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act: allows terms that are not disclosed to the buyer until after payment and delivery to become part of the contract.
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emphasize the needs that motivate people.
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*Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory = proposes that humans are motivated by needs and these needs exist in a hierarchical order 5(physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization)
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What is a targe tmarket?
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the segment or segments you select on which to concentrate your marketing efforts
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? Who is liable for contracts or actions taken during the “pre-incorporation stage?”
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- incorporators are personally liable for any contracts entered into or actions taken during the pre-incorporation stage. After incorporation, the corporation could agree to assume liability through a novation of the incorporator’s acts.
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What are Decisions Making under uncertainity?
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The decisions maker does not know all the alternatives, the risks associated with each, or the consequences of each alternative.
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What are these factors meant to prevent?
(courts concerned with in order to State regulations interfere with Congressional domain of interstate commerce)
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These two factors are meant to prevent states from passing laws that would give local industries and businesses a unfair advantage over interstate businesses.
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What are the 7 keys to successful leadership?
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(1) trusting in on'e subordinates (2) developing a vision (3) keeping cool (4) encouraging risk (5) being an expert (6) inviting dissent (7 )simplyifying things.
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1. who will be served 2. what needs those target customers have that it'll satisfy 3. how those needs will be satisfied
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3 things that must be determined when selecting a business-level strategy
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