Complete List of Terms and Definitions for Organic Compounds - Review

Terms Definitions
heptane 7
Philic loving
C8H18 Octane
genetic info DNA
Proteins examples Hemoglobin
Monosaccharide Simple Sugar
sucrose glucose + fructose
dehydration synthesis lose water
Example of Lipids fat
polymer carbohydrates disaccharide (2)
polysaccharide (3+)
glycocidic linkage
dipeptide two amino acids joined
Waxes 1 fatty Acids
1 Alcolhol
complex structure of carbohydrate disaccharide
carbohydrate blank forms plant structures
carbohydrates compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that have twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms
Hemoglobin Carries oxygen around the body
starch, glyosen and cellulose are... polysaccharides
defend against disease role of protein
Protein Elements C, H, N, S
photosynthesis needs- water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to produce glucose and oxogyn..... used to make food for the cell
polyethylene when ethylene combines with itself repeatedly
HALIDES R-X X represents a halogen
(The halogen can be - chloro, bromo, iodo, or fluoro)
Vegtable Oil, Fat example of lipids (2)
monosaccharides what is the monomer for carbohydrates?
starch a polysaccharide that plants use slightly different to store excess sugar in. (energy storage in plants) [Carbohyradte]
Hexose sugars Monosaccharides that contain six carbons
enantiomers right and left-handed isomers; mirror images of each other; can have identical physical properties
What does "polar" mean? attracted to water
glycogen a polysaccharide that stores glucose in animals
isomer Compounds with same chemical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes.
Enzymes proteins that function as biological catalystslowers activation energy
monosachride single chain or single ring stuctures containing from three or seven carbon items
organic chemistry (apple dictionary) the chemistry of carbon compounds (other than simple salts such as carbonates, oxides, and carbides).
Carbon atoms can create 4 identical covalent bonds
are the backbones of organic molecules
tertiary structure final conformation for some; complex structure (globular)
C6H12O6 Chemical formula of a simple 6-carbon monosaccharide, produced in photosynthesis
peptide bond covalent bond formed between amino acids
phospholipid act as barrier between the cells internal and external enviornment, 2 fatty acid chains connected to glycerol
carbon the chemical element of atomic number 6, a nonmetal that has two main forms and that also occurs an impure form in charcoal, soot, and coal
[http://apple.dictionary.com]
carbs: polysaccharides long, branching chains of linked simple sugars. insoluble. large storage products. lack the sweetness.
Organic Compound The compounds containing carbon that are typically found in living systems.
Structural Polymers(Carbs) Used for structure in plants(fiber), and cannot be digested by humans.
Globular Proteins compact tertiary structure well suited for proteins embedded in cell membranes that must move about freely in body fluid
branched polymer cointain side chains that prvents the molecules from sliding across each other easily
• Dehydration synthesis Chemical process that combines simple sugars to form larger ones ("putting together by removing water").
Amino, Carboxol the two main groups in amino acids
fact about lipids hydrophobic, only soluble in other lipids
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) comprises of genes and genetic information within cells and directions for making specific proteins
aromatic compound a compound that contains a benzene structure having a ring with 6 carbons; most have a distinct odor
OH groups formed on corners closest to each glucose carbohydrate
Proteins: enzymes acts as a biological catalysts (a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction). enzymes hold on to molecule in right position for reaction. enzymes help sustain life.
Dehydration reaction A chemical process in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule. Also called condensation.
Monomer The small molecule that form links in polymer chain
Fatty Acids chain of 4 to 24 carbon atoms
condensation reactions a reaction in which two monomers are combined covalently leaving H2O
what is a macromolecule? a bunch of polymers linked together
Subscript A character that is printed on a level lower than the rest of the characters on the line.
saturated hydrocarbons A hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds.
fatty acid an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils
Activation Energy The amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
Propanone a.k.a. Acetone is used in embalming as an Organic Solvent
Watson and Crick figured out the stucture of DNA made functional model
Covalent bonds in organic compounds will create compounds with low melting points and low boiling points
what is the functioof the large intestine? absorb water from the undigested material that is left