| Terms |
Definitions |
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cos30°
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0.85
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Femto
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f -15
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Charge
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Coulomb C (esu)
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E_photon
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h x frequency
h--planks constant
blue? more energy than red: X-ray, Gamma-rays very high
energy
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Power
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P = ΔE/t = Fvcosθ
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What is Work measured in?
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Joules
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potential difference and potential energy are _______ quantities.
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scalar
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Beats
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A periodic frequency resulting from the superposition of two waves that have slightly differet frequencies, given by fbeat=absolute value(f1-f2)
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Applied over phospor layer-limits abrasions and staining from use:
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protective coat
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Kepler's third law equation
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(GMsun/4π^2)T^2 = r^3
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What artifact is created by interference effects of scattered sound, and makes a grainy appearance?
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Speckle
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Atom
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Smallest fragment of a particular element that is still recognizable as such
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1 arcsec at a angle =
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1/3600 degree
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larger spring constant k means
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stronger, stiffer spring
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amplitude
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in periodic motion, the max. distance object moves from equilibrium
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Element
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*a substance that can't be broken down, already in lowest form possible
*basis for all creation
*made up of only one type of atoms
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velocity-time graph
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plots velocity versus time to determine the sign of object's acceleration
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The federal law that requires all mammography facilities to comply with the Mammography Quality Standards Act, went into affect in:
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1994
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Scatter is the principle source of radiographic noise T or F
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t
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matter takes a specific shape not dependent on containers
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solid
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isotopes
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atoms where nuclei have the same number of protons but dif amount of nuetrons
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Terminal Speed
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When the air resistance equals the weight of the object, the net force is zeor and no further acceleration occurs. You can reach equilibrium.
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period
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time needed for object to repeat one comlpex cycle of motion
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frequency
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the number of crests (waves) that pass by a given point in space in a second. The number of cycles a wave completes in a second.
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What is the acceleration of gravity?
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- 9.8 m/s^2
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instantaneous acceleration
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change in object's velocity at a specific instant in time
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The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree is its specific heat capacity
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True
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The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree is its specific heat capacity
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Chapter 21 Temperature, Heat, and Expansion
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Does attenuation increase with a high or low frequency?
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High frequency
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What is the formula for gibb's free energy?
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(delta)G=(delta)H-T(delta)S
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Nucleons
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Particles that make up the nucleus of an atom
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reverberate
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to be reflected many times, as sound waves from the walls of a confined space
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Magnetic Force
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A force exerted on a charge particle moving through a magnetic field calculated using the equation FB = q v B sin Theta, where the angle denotes that only charges moving perpendicular to the magnetic field experience a force
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Science
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is 1) a body of knowledge about the workings of nature and 2) the methods used to produce the body of knowledge
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Precision
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How close data is to a set of measurements
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Free Body Diagram
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represents forces that act on an object
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If the mass of Earth increased, with no change in radius, your weight would
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increase also
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If the mass of Earth increased, with no change in radius, your weight would
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Chapter 12 Universal Gravitation
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How do you calculate the measured pressure?
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Actual circulatory pressure+hydrostatic pressure
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Dry Cell
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Consist of a carbon rod surrounded by manganese dioxide and immersed in a paste composed of the ammounium chloride, zinc chloride, cellulose and a small amount of water
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magic number
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the atomic number or neutron number of an exceptionally stable nuclide
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paramagnetic and ferromagnetic:
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individual atoms do have a net B field
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Given that the carbon atom has a mass of 12 amu, how many carbon atoms are there in a diamond with a mass of 1 g?
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5.02e22 atoms
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If a horse pulls on a wagon at rest, the wagon pulls back equally as much on the horse. Will the wagon be set in motion?:
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Yes
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What is the formula for Q factor?
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Q factor= resonant frequency/bandwidth
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newton law of motion
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any of three laws of classical mechanics, either the law that a body remains at rest or in motion with a constant velocity unless an external force acts on the body
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Main sequence turnoff point
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star leaves main sequence as it gets old
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The horns of the crescent moon ALWAYS point...
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away from the Sun.
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list the two types of resolution that are involved in x ray quality
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spatial and contrast resolution
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Newton's Second Law of Motion
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an unbalanced or net force causes an acceleration which is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object, formula: Fnet=m*a
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Which of the following is NOT a transverse wave?
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sound
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Which of the following is NOT a transverse wave?
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Chapter 25 Vibrations and Waves
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What form of electrical power is usually available from an electrical socket in most American houses?
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110-120 V AC at 60 Hz
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A ball thrown in the air will never go as far as physics ideally would predict because
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air friction slows the ball
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A ball thrown in the air will never go as far as physics ideally would predict because
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Chapter 3 Projectile Motion
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What is electrical current?
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A flow of charge. In a wire it is the movement of electrons (which have negative charge) that make up the current.Never say the current is 'fast' or 'slow' - it is always big or small. It is the charge movement that is fast or slow!
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what is the metric unit of measure for power
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watt (1 w = 1 j/s)
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The Earth, which orbits the Sun in an elliptical path, reaches its closest point to the Sun on about January 4 each year. Will the work done by the gravitational force of the Sun on the Earth be positive, negative, or zero over the next 6 months?Will the
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The work done will be negative The work done will be zero
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Weight
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magnification
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m= -(i/o)
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dilution
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M1V1=M2V2 ; M=molar
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gravitional potential energy
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GPE= (mass)(gravity)(height)
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baboons
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savannahs, estral swelling, tubers, terrestrial
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Which component, horizontal or vertical, of an object's velocity remains constant as a projectile travels?
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horizontal
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P=
I=
V=
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power in watts
current in amperes
resistance in ohms
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charge on a capacitor
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Q = CV
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Speed of sound depends on ________
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elasticity
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dep. variable
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factor depending on indep. variable
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wavelength
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the distance between two consecutive crest or trough or any position and a similar position of a particle in the next wave in phase with it is called a wave length.
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velocity
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rapidity of motion or operation; swiftness; speed:
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Quasars to other Q's
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10 billion light years
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Sound waves assume which type of graph?
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Longitudinal
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agent
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the specific identifiable cause of a force
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Atomic Number
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Number of protons in an atom.
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What color light carries the most energy?
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violet
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An object at rest May have:
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potential energy
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What is the SI unit of pressure?
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Pasals
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Three types of Accelerations
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Speed Increase
Speed Decrease
Change in direction of the body
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phase
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a particular stage or point of advancement in a cycle; the fractional part of the period through which the time has advanced, measured from some arbitrary origin often expressed as an angle
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Gas particles
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These particles are not packed tightly togehter so they are free to move freely in all directions.
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What is the strongest form of friction?
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Static Friction
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Pigments that absorb yellow shows
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blue (absorbs what color)
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equilibriant
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a force that places an object in equilibrium; is the same magnitude as the resultant, but opposite in direction
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What is the ultimate source of electromagnetic waves?
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vibrating charges
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The air in your classroom has
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mass, energy, weight, temperature
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The air in your classroom has
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Chapter 20 Gases
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What is used to reduce the difference in impedance between the matching layer and skin?
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Gel
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Average Velocity
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The ratio of the displacement (change in x) that occurs during a particular time interval (change in t) to that interval
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Atmospheric Interference.
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Varying degrees of protection for the earth’s protective field can be used to filter out the harmful rays and allow the useful and less harmful rays to penetrate the atmosphere. At the beggining of the stratosphere most harmfull radiation is blocked out because it contains high concentrations of ozone.
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What is the unit form refractive index?
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None (dimensionless)
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Calorie
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A unit of heat (C) that equals 10^3 calories (c) or 4,184 Joules
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bernoulli's principle
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as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases
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What is Geothermal energy?
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Geothermal energy comes from energy released by radioactive substances, deep within the Earth. The energy released by these radioactive substances heats the surrounding rock. As a result, heat is transferred towards the Earth's surface.
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If an equation has the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation, the equation is considered to be_____.
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Balanced.
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The rate of cooling of an object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings
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True
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The rate of cooling of an object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings
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Chapter 22 Heat Transfer
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Focal Length
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the distance between the center of a lens or mirror and the focal point
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Coulomb's Law
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The magnitude of a force between two charges varies directly with the magnitude of the charges and inversely with the square of the distance between them.
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When you are asked to state your opinion on the expected outcome of an experiment before you conduct the experiment, you are being asked to give...
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The hypothesis
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What happens to the boiling point of water as the pressure increases?
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It also increases
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Equilibrium
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a state of balance the state of a body on which no net force acts
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Specific Heat Capacity
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Measure of the heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given mass of a specific substance by one degree in temperature
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If the Nyquist limit is 3,000 Hz, what is the PRF?
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6,000 Hz
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rest mass
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mass of body as measured when body is at rest relative to an observer
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law of conservation of energy
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is a closed, isolated system, energy isn't created or destroyed but conserved
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Friction & 3 types
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A force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other. The three types are fluid, rolling, sliding.
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How can chemical properties be observed?
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Chemical properties are observed when a substance undergoes a change in composition
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Give the formula for momentum in words.
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momentum= mass times velocity (or speed)
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The three common phases of matter are mass, density, and volume
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False
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The three common phases of matter are mass, density, and volume
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Chapter 23 Change of phase
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Where are red giants located in the H-R diagram?
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Right corner, under K and M
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Which has the greater angular speed, a horse near the outside rail of a merry-go-round or a horse near the inside rail
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Neither-they both have the same angular speed
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Which has the greater angular speed, a horse near the outside rail of a merry-go-round or a horse near the inside rail
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Chapter 9 Circular Motion
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Describe what happens to the motion of a moving object when a resultant force is applied to it in a perpendicular direction to the motion.
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It is turned in a circular motion.
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What mechanism takes place in a fuel cell?
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Hydrogen and oxygen combine to produce water and energy
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What is the most that can be said in general about an object in equilibrium?
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Its linear acceleration is zero and its angular acceleration is zero. ONLY if it were in static equilibrium would the object not be moving!
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Angular Displacement
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dafsa
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high speed=
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200-1200 RS
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friction
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slows down an object
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wave speed
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wavelength times frequency
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High atomic # preferred-Increases likelihood of x-ray photon:
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absorption
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microwaves
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electromagnetic waves with frequencies great than radio waves but less than infrared waves.
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accretion
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the sticking together of solid particles to produce a larger particle; due to the gravitational pull of each particle
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fluid
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flows and has no definite shape
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Electricity
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General term for electrical phenomena, much like gravity has to do with gravitational phenomena, or sociology with social phenomena.
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True or false. Some mammography imaging units have their x-ray generators located in the housing with the x-ray tube.
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True
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TERMS:USED FOR GLASS AND GLASSWARE THAT CONTAINS APPRECIABLE OXIDE OF BORON AND IS RESISTANT TO HEAT CHEMICALS AND ELECTRICITY
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PYREX
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magnitude
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size, extent or dimensions, usually pertaining to something large
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displacement
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Δx = (final position) - (initial position)
net distance [plus direction]
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Control
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the group is kept under normal conditions and standard comparisson.
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Force
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Any influence that tends to accelerate an object, a push or pull, measured in newtons.
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another name for a joule
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newton - meter
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In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of
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electrons
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In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of
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Chapter 17 he Atomic Nature of Matter
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Current
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the flow (usually, the motion through a wire) of electrical charge (referred to as charge carriers).
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probes
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to search into or examine thoroughly; question closely:
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celestial equator
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the imaginary line around the sky directly above Earth's equator
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How many steps are there in the scientific method?
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seven.
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Charges moving in a magnetic field create an electric field.
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Electromagnetic induction
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Static Friction
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the force that resists the initiation of sliding motion between two surfaces that are in contact and at rest
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energy flow diagram
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shows the energy conversions that occur in a system
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Postulate
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to assume to be true, real etc, especially as as basis for argument
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alpha particle
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nucleus of a helium atom which consists of two neutrons and two protons, ejeted by certain radioactive nuclei
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___________ occurs when a low energy photon impacts with an entire atom without ionizing the atom. The incident photon then changes direction.
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Coherent Scattering
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Reflected Wave
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A returning wave that is either inverted or displaced in the same direction as the incident wave.
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acoustics
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the branch of physics that deals with sound and sound waves
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Black hole is as big
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as 10¢ about 1 cm
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Faraday's Law
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An electric field can also be created by a changing magnetic field, and is concerned with the changing magnetic flux through a closed surface.
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Which of the following is evidence for the particle nature of light?
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photoelectric effect
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Electric Field
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Force per unit charge and is a storehouse of electric energy.
About a charge point, it decreases with distance according to the inverse equare law.
Between oppositely charged parallel plates, it is uniform
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Whenever an object exerts a force on another object, hte second object exerts a force of the same magnitude, but in the opposite direction to that of the first object. TRUE or FALSE:
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ALWAYS TRUE
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half-life
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time required for half the atoms of a radioactive isotope of an element to decay
|
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Resolving the Vector
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The process of finding the components of a vector
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electromagnetic wave
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a wave produced by the acceleration of an electric charge and propagated by the periodic variation of intensities
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Converging lens
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If the focal length of a lens is positive it is a _____ lens
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What best describes the relationship between power, voltage and current?
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Power is voltage times current
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Light shines on a pane of green glass and a pane of clear glass. The temperature will be higher in what pane of glass?
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green glass
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The testing done to evaluate the added filtration of the beam is the ____:
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Half value layer
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WHAT ARE THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF XRAY PRODUCTION?
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1.DECELERATION (RAPID DECELERATION)
2.CHARACTERISTIC RADIATION
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Force of gravity
|
F(grav) = (GMm) / r²
or, bc w = F(grav)
g = (GM) / r²
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Newton's 3rd Law
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When two bodies A and B interact, the force that A exerts on B is equal and opposite to the force that B exerts on A.
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A known technique of 55 kVp @ 4 mAs with a 200 RS detail cassette is used for hand radiography. What would the technique be if the cassette were a 400-speed high speed cassette?
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2 mAs
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Density Formula
|
pmv p-density m-mass v-volume
g cm3 - x 1000 kg m3
triangle-
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What is the formula to calculate intensity?
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Intensity (W/cm2) = power(w) / area (cm2)
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What is Avogadro's number?
|
6.022 x 10^23, the number of atoms in a mass equal to the gram molecular weight of the substance
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Why does refraction take place?
|
If light passes from air into a glass block. The change in density from the air to glass effects the speed the light travels. So the light bends if it is hit at an angle.
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In an ideal solution, how much does one osmol of solute affect the boiling point?
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It increases it by 0.52 C
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What are 2 causes of cross talk?
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1. Doppler gain set too high 2. Incident angle near 90 degrees
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How many bits are needed to represent 10 shades of gray?
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4- can represent from 9-16 shades of gray. 3 bits can represent up to 8, and 5 are needed to represent 17
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