| Terms |
Definitions |
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Phosphorous
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P
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Manganese
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Mn
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Zinc
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Zn
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Sulfur
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S
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hexa
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6
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avagadro's number
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6.02x10^23
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FlourineDiatomic Molecule
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F2
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Enthalpy
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(thermodynamics) a thermodynamic quantity equal to the internal energy of a system plus the product of its volume and pressure
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3 elements were
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Sc, Ga, Ge
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The hydrogen ion
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is a proton
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atom
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(physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
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Quantum
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"fixed amount" the smallest quantity of energy that can be emitted or absorbed
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Which substance has the lowest density
Hg(g) Hg(l) H2O(g) H2O(l)
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H2O(g)
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mass
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the amount of matter an object contains
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Calorimetry
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the precise measurement of heat flow out of a system for chemical and physical processes
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Limiting Reactant
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the reactnat that is completely consumed in the reaction
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Which of the following decreases the average kinetic energy of solvent molecules?
a. decreasing the pressure
b. not stirring the solution
c. decreasing the contact area between the solvent and the solute
d. decreasing the temperature
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d.
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polar
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having a pair of equal and opposite charges
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Periodic Law
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Periodic repeating of one chemical and physical properties of elements when arranged by atomic number (same group)
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Molecular Formula
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TRUE FORMULA, a formula showing the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound
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sublimation
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the process in which a solid changes to a gas or vapor without passing through a liquid
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Hund
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The lowest energy is attained when the electron spin is maximized
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Which of the following is soluble in water?
a. potassium nitrate
b. silver
c. benzene
d. carbon tetrachlroide
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a.
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alkali metal
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any of the monovalent metals of group I of the periodic table (lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium)
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Ideal Gas
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a gas in which the particles are considered to have no volume and therefore exert no attraction for eachother
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photo electric effect
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The radiant energy striking a metal surface
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Proton
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+1 charge; relative mass of 1; in the nucleus
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Molar Heat of Vaporization
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the amount of heat necessary to vaporize one mole of a given liquid
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Balance
_CH3OH + _O2 ---> _CO2 + _H2O
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1, 1, 1, 2
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How many moles of HCl are present in 0.70 L of a 0.33M HCl solution? (molar mass of HCl = 36.46g/mol)
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0.23 mol
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Molar Heat of Condensation
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the amount of heat released by one mole of a vapor as it condenses to a liquid at a constant temperature
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Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical change:
a.) spoiling cheese
b.) dusting
c.) rusting
d.) evaporating
e.) crushing
f.) corrosion
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a.) chemical
b.) physical
c.) chemical
d.) physical
e.) physical
f.) chemical
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Law of Multiple Proportions
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2 or more different compounds can be composed of the same elements but will have different whole number ratios of the atoms
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How can you decrease the pressure in a closed container?
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open container-increase volume, cool temperture-decrease temperature
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Compared with a 0.01 m sugar solution, a 0.01 m MgCl2 solution has
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about three times the freezing point depression
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penta
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5
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Magnesium
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Mg
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Bromine
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Br
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Carbon
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C
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Iodine
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I
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hepta
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7
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1911
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Henrey Moseley
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OxygenDiatomic Molecule
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O2
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C
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Speed of Light m/s
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nuclear change
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Protons or atomic number
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Which mixture contains visible particles that settle out unless the mixture is stirred?
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suspension
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metalloid
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an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals
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Spectrum
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When radiation is seperated into different wavelength components
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What determines the average kinetic energy of the molecules of any gas?
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temperature
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gas
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the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity
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Calorimeter
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an insulated device used to measure the absorption or release of heat in chemical or physical processes
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A compound empirical formula is N2O5. If the molar mass is 108g/mol. What is the molecular formula?
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N2O5
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The separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves is called
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dissociation
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Which of the following values for enthalpy of solution at 25*C represents the greatest release of energy?
a. -3.50 kJ/mol b. -0.01 kJ/mol
c. 1.33 kJ/mol d. 12.40 kJ/mol
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a.
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representative element
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Groups in the periodic table that includes metals, metalloids, and nonmentals (groups 1, 2, 13~18)
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Dimitri Mendeleev
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Grouped by similar properties and by mass, First Periodic table
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Mole Ratio
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a conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of 2 substances
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phase diagram
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a graph showing the conditions at which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or vapor
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Quantum Theory
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The arrangement of electrons in an atom
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If the pressure and temperature of a gas are held constant and some gas is added to the container or some is allowed to escape, a change in which of the following can be observed?
a. kinetic energy b. fluidity
c. volume d. elasticity
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c.
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Atoms
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smallest part of an element with all properties of that element and are not indivisible
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Heat of Reaction
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the quantity of energy released or absorbed as heat during a chemical reaction
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Coefficients
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a whole number in front of a formula in an equation; represent the relative amounts of moles of reactants and products
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What must be the same amount of on each side of a chemical equation?
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coefficients
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What is the molarity of a solution that contains 31.0g HCl in 5.00 kg water? (molar mass of HCl = 36.46 g/mol)
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0.170 m
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Electron
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-1 charge; relative mass of 0; in the electron cloud
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Heat of Combustion
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the energy released as heat by the complete combustion of one mole of a substance
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What is the OH- concentration of a sloution with a pH of 9.3?
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2 x 10-5
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How many moles of ions are produced by the dissociation of 0.5 mol of Na2CO3?
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1.5 mol
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Molar Heat of Fusion
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the amount of heat absorbed by one mole of a solid substance as it melts to a liquid at a constant temperature
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Place the following in scientific notation:
a.) 0.0026 hg
b.) 430000 cm
c.) 0.000000437 ng
d.) 7204000000 dL
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a.) 2.6x10^-3 hg
b.) 4.3x10^5 cm
c.) 4.37x10^-7 ng
d.) 7.204x10^9 dL
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Hess's Law of Heat Summation
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if you add two or more thermochemical equations to give a final equation, then you also add the heats of reaction to give the final heat of reaction
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What is a derived unit?
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A unit that is a combination of SI base units
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In a solution, the slightly charged part of a water molecule
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forms ionic bonds with ions in ionic compounds
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Potassium
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K
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Selenium
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Se
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Silver
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Ag
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deca
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10
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Beryllium
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Be
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BromineDiatomic Molecule
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Br2
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Einstein
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photo electric effect
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Define average atomic mass
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?
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Explain the difference between qualitative and quantitative
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?
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density
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the amount per unit size (mass/volume)
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pascal (Pa)
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the SI unit of pressure
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Which of the following expresses concentration?
a. molality
b. molarity
c. moles of solute per liter of solution
d. all of the above
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d.
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chemical change
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(chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved
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non-metals
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usually gasses of brittle solids, poor conductors
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Electromagnetic radiation
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Carries energy through space, there are 3 types
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Which of the following will dissolve most rapidly?
a. sugar cubes in cold water
b. sugar cubes in hot water
c. powdered sugar in cold water
d. powdered sugar in hot water
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d.
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atomic number
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the order of an element in Mendeleyev's table of the elements
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Specific Heat
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the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree centigrade
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In an experiment, 56.3g of product was produced, but 74.9g should have been produced. What is the percent yield of this experiment?
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133%
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Decomposition
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when one substance breaks down into 2 or more substance
-usually requires heat, light, or electricity
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allotrope
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one of two or more different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state; oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are allotopes of the element oxygen.
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Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:
a.) oreo cookie
b.) a cup of coffee
c.) 14 kt. gold
d.) carpet
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a.)
b.)
c.)
d.)
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When solutions of NH4OH and K2SO4 are combined, what precipitate(s) forms?
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none
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halogen
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an element found in group 17 of the periodic table
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Location of Electrons
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No electrons in nucleus, or between orbitals.
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What is the pH solution with a H+ concentration of 1.2 x 10-3
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2.9
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kinetic energy
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the energy an object has because of its motion
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Pressure has the greatest effect on the solubility of
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gases in liquids
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electron cloud
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a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found
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Word War 2
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Scientist sent to new mexico to develp atomic bomb
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What is the volume of 45.6g of ice? The density of ice is 0.92g/cm^3
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42.0 L
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half-life
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the time it takes for one half of the parent nuclides in a radioactive sample to decay
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normal boiling point
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the boiling point of a liquid at a presure of 101.3kPa or 1 atm
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A 15 M acetic acid solution is
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a concentrated and weak electrolyte
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To correct for partial pressure of water vapor, the vapor pressure of H2O at the collecting temperature is
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subtracted from the total gas pressure
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Why does a can collapse when a vacuum pump removes air from the can?
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The unbalanced outside force from atmospheric pressure crushes the can
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