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Bugs
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Errors in a program
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string
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a series of printable characters.
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Characters
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Letters, symbols, and numbers that will not be used in calculations
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Class
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A type whose variables are objects
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A statement ends with a ___?
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;
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abstract
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thought of apart from concrete realities, specific objects, or actual instances:
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Named constant
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A memory location whose contents cannot change while a program is running
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What does main return?
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An integer status code
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Logic error
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An error caused by syntactically correct statements that produce unexpected results. Also called semantic error.
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//
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creates personal notes ignored by the compiler
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penchant
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a strong inclination, taste, or liking for something:
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Streams
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Sequences of characters used in C++ to perform standard input and output operations
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What are the 4 bitwise operators from highest precedence to lowest precedence?
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~&^|
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Event procedure
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Block of code that executes in response to an event.
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function
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a group of programming code that can do some work and return a value.
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What is polling?
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Polling, or polled operation, in computer science, refers to actively sampling the status of an external device by a client program as a synchronous activity. Polling is most often used in terms of input/output (I/O), and is also referred to as polled I/O or software driven I/O.
Polling is sometimes used synonymously with busy-wait polling (Busy waiting). In this situation, when an I/O operation is required the computer does nothing other than check the status of the I/O device until it is ready, at which point the device is accessed. In other words the computer waits until the device is ready. Polling also refers to the situation where a device is repeatedly checked for readiness, and if it is not the computer returns to a different task. Although not as wasteful of CPU cycles as busy-wait, this is generally not as efficient as the alternative to polling, interrupt driven I/O.
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recursive
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pertaining to or using a rule or procedure that can be applied repeatedly.
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Delimiter character
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A character that indicates the end of something; for example, in the getline() function, the function
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What is a function?
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A series of statements grouped together and given a name
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How does assert work?
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It takes an integer argument(an assertion) that it tests when it executes. If the argument in non-zero: assert does nothing. If it is zero assert prints a message to stderr and calls the abort function to terminate the program.
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How do we access a member of a struct?
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identifier.member
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Floating point
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A data type that can represent values with numbers after the decimal point.
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What return type is used if a method does not return a value?
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Void
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getline() function
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Used to get string input from the user at the keyboard; the input can contain any character, even
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What is scope?
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The portion of the program text in which a variable can be referenced.
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What is the conversion specifier: f
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Floating point in fixed-decimal format
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What is a generally comfortable temperature range?A tolerable temperature range?
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Comfortable: 69-80 degrees FTolerable: 60-85 degrees F
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What does new do?
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The new operator allocates memory for an object
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What is the format of a make file entry?
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target : dependenciescommandexample:fmt : fmt.o word.o line.o gcc -o fmt fmt.o word.o line.o
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What the difference between a declaration and a definition?
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A declaration introduces an identifier and describes its type, be it a type, object, or function. A declaration is what the compiler needs to accept references to that identifier.A definition actually instantiates/implements this identifier. It's what the linker needs in order to link references to those entities.
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Project Explorer window
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The part of the IDE that lists the files in the current project.
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What are simple, non object oriented types in Java?
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short, long, doubleNOT HALF, CHARACTER, and STRING
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What is assert used for?
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Allows a program to monitor its own behavior and detect possible programs at an early stage.
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How do you use a function pointer?
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1. define a function pointervoid (*fp)(int)2. assign it a function fp = func;(correct form is use &func, but its not necessary)3. call the functionfp(10);you can use (*fp)(10)
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How do you declare a structure whose members represent bit fields?
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struct identifier{ (unsigned) int: #ofbit};unsigned is optional
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How do you create an infinite for loop?
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for ( ; ; )
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What does the setjmp.h header do?
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Makes it possible for one function to jump directly to another function without returning. It's primarily used for error handling
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What is dynamic memory allocation? Where is this memory allocated from.
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The allocation of memory storage for use during the runtime of that program. Its allocated from the heap (usually)
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What is the value that main returns?
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A status code to the operating system
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16. The six basic steps of the programming process iclude:
a. interviewing, communication, pattern-searching, evaluating, discussing options and diagramming
b. establishing goals, gathering and analyzing, specifying needs, evaluating the program, organi
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b. establishing goals, gathering and analyzing, specifying needs, evaluating the program, organizing and presenting conclusions
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How do you clear a bit?
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Do a bitwise and with a string with all 1's but with a zero in the position you want to clear
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What are the 4 components needed to create a function with a variable length argument list?
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va_list - needed to iterate through the argumentsva_start - needed to indicate where the arg list startsva_arg - fetches the arguments and advances the pointerva_end - required to clean up before the function can return
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Why are we allowed to use a string literal whenever a char * is required?
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C treats string literals as character arrays.
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What does the setjmp function do? How do we use it? What does the longjmp function do? How do we use it?
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setjmp marks a place in a program so we can jump to it later from longjmp. We pass setjmp a variable of type jmp_buf, it then returns 0. longjmp returns to the point where we used setjmp. we use it by passing it the jmp_buf variable we used with setjmp and another int value for the status code.
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