Protists
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Complete list of Terms and Definitions for Protists

Terms Definitions
stipe stem
chloroplasts phototsynthesis
cercozoans amoebas
stramenopiles algae
ciliates Paramecium
Protozoans heterotrophic protist
chlorophyta algae-plantlike protists
Plasmodium causes malaria
glass-like wall silica
brown algae ager
Cercozoa (Radiolara, Foraminifera, Chlorarachinophyta) Move by pseudopods.
eyespot sensitive to light
Trypanosoma causes sleeping sickness
diplomonads Two equal-sized nuclei
amoebozoans have lobe-shaped pseudopodia
Mycetozoa- Slime molds -Decomposers
Oomycota Funguslike, no chloroplasts, heterotrophs.
anal pore eliminates solid wastes
Gametic Meiosis Algae and Animals
dinoflagellates two flagella enabling spinning
radiolarians phagocytize microorganisms with psuedopodia
Kinetoplast Organelle that has DNA
Diplomonads and parabasalids are adapted to ________ enviroments. Anaerobic
Apicomplexa nonmotile, parasitic. absorb nutrients through their membranes. no vacuoles.
Endosymbiont theory Certain eukaryotic organelles (particularly mitochondira and chloroplasts) arose from symbiotic relationships between larger cells and smaller prokaryotes that were incorporated and lived withinh them.
Zooflagellates Mostly heterotrophic, unicellular (a few are colonial) organisms with spherical or elongated bodies. They move with flagella, and some ingest food by means of a definite "food" or oral groove.
oral groove brings in water-containing food
euglenoids term for flagellated, free-living cells, such as Euglens, that can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
diplomonads & parabasalids lack mitochondrial DNA
What constitutes a living entity? Reproduce Self-repair Metabolism Evolve (change over time)
Are animal-like protists heterotrophs or autotrophs? Heterotrophs
what kind of environment do dipolmonads and parabasalids live in? anaerobic
Gymnamoebas Are common unicellular amoebozoans in soil as well as freshwater and marine environments
What is commonly called “seaweeds” brown algae.
Eugenoids Freshwater, auto and hetero. Profuse organelles. Spirally grooved pellicle instead of cell wall. Two flagella.
Conjugation Sexual process where two individuals come together and exchange genetic material, ciliates are capable of this.
Alveolates Alveolates have similar ribosomal DNA sequences and alveoli, flattened vesicles located just inside the plasma membrane. Alveolates include the ciliates, dinoflagellates, and apicomplexans.
Golden algae Most species are biflagellate, unicellular organisms, although some are colonial. Tiny scales of either silica or calcium carbonate may cover the cells. Reproduction is primarily asexual and involves the production of flagellate, motile spores called zoospores. They are photosynthetic and produce carotenoids and fucoxanthin.
Chromalveolata, Ciliates Protozoa, cilia locomotion has a macro nucleus, mini flagellums called cilia and micronuclei ex. Paramecium caudatum
amoeboid prtozoans protozoans such as amoebas, foraminiferans, helizoans, and radiolarians that move by means of pseudopodia
Pfiesteria creates blooms which affects food chain
Stramenopila- Oomycota (water molds)   -Mostly decomposer -Phytophthora ramorum: sudden oak death (SOD) -Phytophthora infestans: Irish Potato Famine  
What are protozoans that have flagellas called? Zooflagellates
Flagellates Phylum Zoomatigina, they have one or more large flagella. many are free living, some are parasitic to mammals.
Diatoms are a major component of ___________ and are highly diverse. phytoplankton
The main feature distinguishing Euglenozoans as a clade is a ____ or _____ rod of unknown function inside their ______. spiral or crystalline.flagella.
Diatoms Unicellular, although a few exist as colonies. THe cell wall of each diatom consists of two shells taht overlap where they fit together. Silica is deposited in the shell, and the glasslike material is laid down in intricate patterns. Some have radial symmetry and some have bilateral symmetry. Diatoms sometimes glide through water, which is facilitated by the secretion of a slimy material from a small groove along the shell. Diatoms contain carotenoids and fucoxanthin (photosynthetic pigments). Diatoms reproduce asexually and sexually.
Chromalveolata, Alveolates Dinoflagellates - algal, marine and freshwater, mostly unicellular, has wierd chromosomes that don't decondense, some are heterotrophs Saxitoxin (neurotoxin produced by dinoflagellates) - called a bloom when there is an increased population. It kills fish and other animals, red in color therefore the term Red Tide
tsetse fly vector that transmits the african sleeping sickness
tests form extensive fossil record in marine sediments
Modes of Nutrition for Protista> Photosynthetic autotrophs, haterotrophs, mixotrophs, plankton.
What are the gas-filled sacs that allow algae to float upright in water? Bladders
Fungus-like Protist Slime molds, water molds, and mildews. they feed bysecreting enzymes like fungi.
Paramecium a Ciliate that lives in all water environments. A few are parasitic. Humans can get one of these from pigs.
Plasmodial Slime Molds large composite mass. plasmodium -- individual nuclei are suspended in a common cytoplasm surrounded by a single plasma membrane. fruiting body.
Phycoerythrin Red pigment, red algae have this in their chloroplasts.
ectoplasm living content of the cell (clear and watery)
ciliated protozoans protozoans such as paramecia that move by means of cilia
Name the 3 categories of protists Animal-like protists Fungus-Like protists Plant-like protists
Foraminiferans, or forams Are named for their porous, generally multichambered shells, called tests
What are some characterists of kingdom protista mostly microscopic many unicellular some colonial some even multicellular autotrophic heterotrophic free living parasitic  
When algae lives in large groups it is said that they live in what? Colonies
Haplontic Life Cycle A zygotic meiosis  is a meiosis of a zygote immediately after karyogamy, which is the fusion of two cell nuclei. This way, the organism ends its diploid phase and produces several haploid cells. These cells divide mitotically to form either larger, multicellular individuals, or more haploid cells. Two opposite types of gametes (e.g., male and female) from these individuals or cells fuse to become a zygote. In the whole cycle, zygotes are the only diploid cell; mitosis occurs only in the haploid phase.
what is the difference between protists and prokaryotes? protists are eukaryotes, and have organelles and are more complex
Name 3 kinds of fungus-like protists. Water mold, Downy Mildew, Slime Mold
Many species of the euglenid are Mixotrophs, which means? In sunlight they are autotrophs, but when sunlight is unavailable, they can become heterotrphic, absorbing organic nutrients from their environment.
What is the red pigment of red algae especially good for? Good at absorbing small amounts of light
rhizopoda animal like
whiplike strucutres flaggella
phytoplankton Microscopic, free-floating, autotrophic organisms that function as producers in aquatic ecosystems.
karyogamy 2 nuclei fuse
multicellular cells have specialized functions
algae multi/unicellular protists that use sunlight as an energy source; primitive chlorophyll-containing mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms lacking true stems and roots and leaves
Rhodophyta closest relatives of land plants
merogony asexual reproduction, occurs before sex
how do you classify protoans? movement
foraminiferan member of the phylum Foraminifera bearing a calcium carbonate test with many openings through which pseudopods extend
zooplankton Tiny floating organisms that are either small animals or protozoa, that swim or drift near the surface of aquatic environments
heteromorphic meaning that the sporophytes and gametophytes are structurally different
foraminiferans named for porous shells (tests). multichambered shells and pseudopodia extending through pores to swim, form, and feed.
diverse group of protists with animal-like characteristics protozoans
exocytosis when protein products in vacuoles are exported outside the cell
pseudopod A temporary, foot-like extension of a cell, used for locomotion or engulfing food
large varied group of protists named for their use of cilia to move and feed ciliates
amoebas a protist grade characterized by the presence of pseudopodia
what formed the white cliffs of Dover? foraminiferans
binary fission cell splitting, when the cell splits and the daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent's DNA
larges and most complex algae, also called phaeophytes brown algae
Red algae absorb the wavelenths of light that penetrate into deep water. marine and multicelluar, often filamentous, delicately branched thalli.
once thought ot be fungi because they produce fruiting bodies that aid in spore dispersal slime molds
What are the two sub-groups in Cercozoans Chlorarachniophytes and Foraminiferans
What are the three sub-groups of Alveolata? Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans, & Ciliates.
HOW is euglena similar to a plant cell? (Hint: pigment/photosynthesis.) how is euglena different? hint, how does it move? how does it protect its cell?) it has chloroplasts. it has fleggellum for movement and NO cell wall.