Public Speaking
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Complete list of Terms and Definitions for Public Speaking

Terms Definitions
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fact can be varified
Style Vocabulary you chose
Prop live or inanimate object
Developing your speech deliver your presentation
Interference invironmental disturbances ex: too cold
Handout page-size items that convey information that is either impractical to give the audience in another manner or intended to be kept by audience members after the presentation
Examples illistrate, describe, or represent things
CHAPTER 7 1. Familiarity-Acceptance Order: begins with what
draconian rigorous; unusually severe or cruel:
elevation also affects closeness between speaker and listeners. Standing above seated listeners sometimes evokes "power position" and discourages identification
warrant principle that justifies the movement from data to claim. Authorizes us to draw conclusions from a similar case, deductive element of model ***??
judgement an opinion that reflects your attitude
External listening distraction anything in the environment:-noise-movement-light-darkness-heat-cold-etc.
Hedges unnecessary words and phrases that qualify or introduce doubt into statements that should be straightforward
CHAPTER 8 1. Activity2. Reality3. Proximity (nearness)4. Fam
Logos Using logic in speech, stating facts
ambivalent the coexistence within an individual of positive and negative feelings toward the same person, object, or action, simultaneously drawing him or her in opposite directions.
persuasive able, fitted, or intended to persuade:
Ethics the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs
Active listening giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of view
inversion reverses the expected order of words in a phrase or sentence to make statement more memorable and emphatic. "Ask not" WHAT IS THE DIFF BTWN THIS AND ANTITHESIS
contrast effect occurs when you see positions different from yours as being more distant than they actually are. i.e. if you are a staunch liberal you may think anything conservatives say will differ from what you believe even if that's not true.
accuracy look for additional links to other websites or citations of print documents that relate to the topic.
organization arrangment of ideas. makes it easier for the audience to follow EX: cues
Transitions words, phrases, or sentence that tie the speech ideas together and enable the speaker to move smoothly from one(1) point to the next
Cultural sensitivity conscious attempt to be considerate of cultural beliefs, norms, or traditions that are different from your own
Loaded questions questions that are phrased the reinforce the interviewer's agenda
Secondary research the vast world of information gathered by others
expert testimony testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields
critical thinking organized thinking about such things as the logical relationship among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion.
gregarious fond of the company of others; sociable.
Paraphrase a restatement of a text or passage giving the meaning in another form, as for clearness; rewording.
Global plagiarism stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own
Identification a process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences
testimonial lay testimony that is used in support of a person, practice, product or institution
proxemics the study of how humans use space. distance elevation
communication orientation concentrating of your message and your audience, not on yourself. (and your anxieties, worries etc.)
memorized text written out, committed to memory and delivered word for word. problems: many people do not write in oral style, delivery sounds stilted or sing-songy, inhibits adapting to feedback, get too caught up with memorizing and forget about COMMUNICATING!!! MOST IMPORTANT THING!!
Definition by negation defines something by explaining what it is not
topical order a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics
CHAPTER ONE 1. Speech tends to be INTEGRATIVE. Drawing togethe
speaker the person who is presenting an oral message
malevolent wishing evil or harm to another or others; showing ill will; ill-disposed; malicious:
vesuvius an active volcano in SW Italy, near Naples. Its eruption destroyed the ancient cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum a.d. 79. ab. 3900 ft. (1190 m).
Critical listening 1) judge and evaluate what you are hearing 2) fact or opinion 3) based on logic or emotion 4) remain objective
body the main part of a speech, where the main points are developed and supported.
Types of Speech that are not Protected -Fighting words-Defamatory speech-Reckless disregard for the truth
Use statistics sparingly Insert statistics only when they are needed, and then make sure they are easy to grasp.
CHAPTER 5 1. Establish good will. Let them know you are conc
mood a state or quality of feeling at a particular time:
Becoming a More Active Listener -Set listening goals-Listen for main ideas-Watch for the speaker's nonverbal cues
bill of rights the first 10 amendments to the United States constition
How many time should you reherse your speech? At least 6 times
What are the three suggestions for focusing your listening? Listen for Main PointsListen for EvidenceListen for Technique
What are the eight types of opening devices? 1) reference to the subject2) reference to the occassion3) personal reference4) rhetorical questions5) startling statement6) pertinant quotation7) using a joke/funny story8) a real or hypothetical story
denotative meaning dictionary definition
Style specific word choices
Counterproductive roles negitive interpersonal roles
Fabrication making up of information
Topic the subject of a speech
immediacy closeness between speaker and listeners. Likableness dimension of ethos. encourages listeners to open mind up to you and be influenced by what you say!!! TO ACHIEVE IMMEDIACY! reduce actual distance smile, eye contact gestures use voice to express emotion
Ethics the study of moral conduct
Elements of Ethos -Good sense-Moral character-Goodwill
CHAPTER 13 1. Attention.2. Need.3. Satisfaction.4. Visualizat
omniscient having complete or unlimited knowledge, awareness, or understanding; perceiving all things.
marking adding an irrelevant reference to gender, ethnicity, race or sexual preference when none is needed. "Thompson, the hispanic engineer" "Martina, the lesbian tennis player"
perceptions is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting infothere are 3 components
Table systematic grouping of data or numerical information in column form
Aids to Comprehension -An appropriate organizational pattern-Skillful use of language-Effective preview statements and transitions, in addition to well-organized introductions and conclusions-Presentation aids
appreciative listening Listening for pleasure or enjoyment.
Performativity Language does more than describe something, it is a committment of the action
paucity smallness of quantity; scarcity or scantiness; smallness or insufficiency of number
encode to convert (a message, information, etc.) into code.
Audience-Centeredness keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation
General purpose the broad goal of a speech
sexist language involves making gender references in situations in which the gender is unknown or irrelevant. use of "he" or "man"
rhetoric public speaking. During the Golden Age of Greek civilization, Aristotle and other leading intellectuals taught rhetoric to citizens of Athens.
Sensory language paints more of a poetic picture
Cause-effect pattern of arrangement used in cause-effect speeches
Presentational speaking reports delivered by individuals or groups within the business or professional environment
Encylopedias summarize knowledge that is found in original form elsewhere
Speaking from a manuscript reading a speech verbatim
Delivery Vocal and nonverbal behavior you use when speaking
visualization Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.
ubiquity the state or capacity of being everywhere, esp. at the same time; omnipresence:
elitism consciousness of or pride in belonging to a select or favored group.
Incremental plagiarism failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people
Situation the time and place in which speech communication occurs
prestige testimony associates your message with the words of a respected public figure.
constructive listening Involves an active search for the value that messages may have for our lives. Motivated listening, presumes that all messages may have value.
Cincrete language langauge that appeals directly to the senses. it's tangible. it's provable. hard evidence.
Defensive listening occurs when we sense that our attitudes or opinions are being challanged
Speech Context All of the factors affecting the speech: -Audience -course assignment-physical setting-occasion-situation
personal inventory Make a quick inventory of your experiences, interests, hobbies, skills, beliefs, and so forth. Jot down EVERYTHING. From this list may come a general subject area out of which you can fashion a specific topic.
CHAPTER 10 The use of space by human beings.
enthnocentrism the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all others.
defunct no longer in effect or use; not operating or functioning:
decode to translate (data or a message) from a code into the original language or form.
Frame of reference The sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference.
spatial pattern a speech structure in which each main point covers a physical or geographic part of the topic.
Denotative meaning meaning of word that is its literal, or dictionary, defination
Forensic Rhetoric Looks to past, is about debate, for and against, culture of arguement
Connotative meaning meaning of a word that is the special association that different people bring to bear on it
The principle of continuity dictates that........ ..........you apply the same design decisions you make for one(1) aid to all of the aids you display in a speech
What are the two steps of demographic audience analysis? 1) Identify general demographic features2) Determine the importance of those features
Use Statistics from reliable sources As a speaker, you must be aware of possible bias in the use of numbers. Since statistics can be interpreted so many ways and put to so many uses, you should seek figures gathered by objective, nonpartisan sources
What is success based on in public speaking? Success as a public speaker is based largely on critical thinking, appropriate rhetorical choices, self-confidence, and effective delivery