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WImbledon
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michael schwerner
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althea gibson
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moorehouse college
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langston hughes
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birmingham riots
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Howard Truman
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KKK act
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james eastman
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13th amendment
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abolished slavery
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Segregationalists
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proponents of segregation
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W. Arthur garrity
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march on washington
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SNCC
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Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, college kids participate in Civil Rights, stage sit-ins and such
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Freedmen
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Formerly enslaved persons (African Americans) after the Civil War
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NAACP
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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Cecil Price
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murdered three civil rights activists
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lynching
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to be killed because of race
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robert kennedy
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american politician; attorney general during brothers presidency and was assassinated during his bid for the 1968 Democratic presidential nomination
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Radical Republicans
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Congressmen who wanted full equality for freedmen and disagreed with President Johnson's Plan
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Reconstruction Amendments
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Attempted to provide political and legal rights for Freedmen and created a Consitutional basis for the Civil Rights Movement
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harlem renaissance
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a flowering of African American culture in the 1920s; instilled interest in African American culture and pride in being an African American.
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Malcom X
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spread ideas of black nationalism. disagreed w/ both the tactics and goals of the early civil rights movement. minister of the nation of islam. rejected his original name because it was his family's slave name
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segragation
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seperation of people because of a persons race
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Ronald Reagan
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40th President of the United States
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andrew johnson
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17th President of the United States
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15th Amendment
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Right to vote for all male citizens
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David Halberstam
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white reporter having to do with Emmett Till
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Orvil Faubus
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36th governor of Arkansas, little rock nine
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Black Codes
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Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves
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Roy Bryant
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husband of Carolyn who helped lynch Emmett
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Mose Wright
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testimony in the trial of his great-nephew, Emmett Till accused killers would go down in history as one of the bravest moments of the civil rights movement
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sharecropper
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farmer who worked on lan that was already owned
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1877 - 1945
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Period of Jim Crow Segregation
Jim Crow? Legalized segregation in the south
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civil rights act of 1875
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Prohibited discrimination against blacks in public place, such as inns, amusement parks, and on public transportation. Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
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sit-in
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a non-violent form of protest in which a group sits in a place in which they are prohibited
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Civil Rights Act (1964)
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Passed after Martin Luther King's March on Washington it made it a crime to discriminate based on race or gender
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Freedom Riders
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Group of civil rights workers who took bus trips through southern states in 1961 to protest illegal bus segregation
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WEB Dubois
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1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910. Niagara Movement
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Emmett Till
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Murdered in 1955 for whistling at a white woman by her husband and his friends. They kidnapped him and brutally killed him. his death led to the American Civil Rights movement. The killers were later found innocent in a trial
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Black Separatism
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Turn of the century after Plessey Vs. Ferguson, separate but equal is made equal. There are two reactions -
Dubois: says to challenge segregation, uplift the community
Broker T. Washington: says a combination
Later after the overturn, segregation (once it becomes illegal and countries and schools start to integrate) then you have different reactions to that.
MLK: advocates on non-violent resistance.
Stokley Carmichael: advocates register for voting, black pride, black power, black separatism and black militarism.
Malcolm X: advocates that you have oppressed us for this long were just going to separate ourselves and uplift our selves within the community and when you try to take away our rights, we'll fight against it.
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14th amendment
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Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
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Brown vs. Board of Education
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1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
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congress of racial equality
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CORE was a civil rights organization. They were famous for freedom rides which drew attention to Southern barbarity, leading to the passing of civil rights legislation.
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Poll tax, Literacy Test, Grandfather Clause
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Voting barriers for African Americans, limited the effectiveness of the 15th Amendment
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1965 Voting Rights Act
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They had literacy tests only for black people in the south in order to vote because the voting rights act makes it illegal.
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" I have a dream"
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MLK's speech, Given August 1963 from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
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Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
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reversed the Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) decison, declaring that "seperate but equal is inherently unequal" and legally ended segregation
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Essay Question: Was Reconstruction the best era for African Americans since slavery or the worst?
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After the Civil War, the African Americans are free from being slaves. In spite of the fact that they were freed, they were not entirely free. They were freed from slavery but it created new institution in society. They have to deal with lynching, segregation, share cropping, unfair labor practices, unequal education - which doesn't even get changed until Brown Vs. Board of Education. African Americans are stuck in a tricky situation because the war is fought to end slavery but they are stuck in society that was fighting to defend slavery. They get scapegoated for a problem that
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What were the rights extended to the African Americans?
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13th Amendment - free the slaves
14th Amendment - due process and equality before the law (everyone was guaranteed their equal rights - especially when it comes to trials)
15th Amendment - guarantees that the right to vote shall not be abridged based on ones race.
19th Amendment - extends the 15th amendment to gender (women get the right to vote)
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