| Terms |
Definitions |
|
Obsidian
|
|
|
3. pumice
|
gray, silvery
|
|
Dolostone
|
Rock Type: Sedimentary
Type: Biogenic
Texture: Crystalline
Composition: dolomite
Environment of Deposition: offshore
|
|
Subsidence
|
the sinking of lithosphere
|
|
strata
|
found in sedimentary rocks
|
|
Batholith
|
large pluton with an outcrop
|
|
Intuit
|
perceive; infer; know without logic
|
|
Gabbro.
|
Gabbro is a dark-colored, coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock. Gabbro is very similar to basalt in its mineral make up. It is composed mostly of the mineral plagioclase feldspar with smaller amounts of pyroxene and olivine.
|
|
bedding
|
horizontal lanes where sediments are deposited
|
|
Quartzite
|
Harder than sandstone from which formed; pores or tiny holes of the original sandstone are filled with quartz crystals.; used as building material
|
|
What does sedimentary translate to?
|
Settled pieces
|
|
basalt
|
igneous - extrusive, cooled quickly, small crystals
|
|
weathering
|
process that will change a sedimentary rock into another sedimentary rock
|
|
cementation
|
the gluing together of particles of sediment
|
|
Transgression
|
when sea level rises, the coast migrates inland
|
|
organic rock
|
sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers
|
|
Index minerals
|
minerals used to estimate the temperature and pressure at which metamorphic rock changes
|
|
Rock
|
naturally fomed solid that is usually made up of one or more types of minerals
|
|
porphytic texture
|
when intrusive rock cools in two stages-slow and then fast
visually large and small crystal
|
|
Laccolith
|
Form when thicker magmas do not spread out easily and force the rock from above to dome upward.
|
|
Tubidity current
|
A submarine avalanche of sediment and water that speeds down a submarine slope
|
|
Sedimentary rocks
|
Made up of many different materials; can contain pieces of other rocks, pebbles, sand and clay; can be formed from minerals that were dissolved in water or they may be made up of remains of plants and animals; sedimentary rocks usually easy to identify b/c usu. formed in bands or layers.
|
|
What is the most abundant of all igneous rocks?
|
Granite
|
|
igneous
|
type of rock formed deeply within the earth when magma solidifies
|
|
rock cycle
|
a series of processes on the surface and inside earth that slowly changed rocks from one kind to another
|
|
Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks
|
made up of the shells of organisms
|
|
extrusive rock
|
igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface
|
|
types of lava flow
|
Aa- slow moving lava
pahoehoe- fast moving lava
|
|
matter
|
takes up space in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas
|
|
The location of a rock determines...
|
which natural forces will have the greatest import on the process of change ( e.g. rock on the surface will be affected by weathering, rock deep below the surface will be more affected by heat and pressure
|
|
Slate
|
Metamorphic
|
|
Mineral
|
naturally occuring,inorganic,solid,has structure,definite chemical composition
|
|
Sandstone
|
type of sedimentary rock.
|
|
Gneiss
|
metamorphic, foliated, comes from granite
|
|
Sedimentary
|
formed by the compaction and cementation of layers of sediments
|
|
Hybrid
|
two different genes for a trait
|
|
metamorphic
|
formed by changing temperature and pressure
|
|
chalk, coal, limestone, coquina
|
4 examples: sedimentary, organic
|
|
compaction
|
The process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight.
|
|
B
|
What is molten material at Earth's surface called?
A)limestone
B)lava
C)breccia
D)granite
|
|
organic
|
forms from remains of living things ex. are limestone and coal
|
|
shale, siltstone, sandstone, breccia, conglomerate
|
5 examples: sedimentary, detrital
|
|
Silt
|
Soil that has pieces that are smaller than sand. Feels like powder.
|
|
clay
|
Shale is one common clastic rock. It forms from tiny particles of _____
|
|
Where is extrusive rock found?
|
On the earth's surface
|
|
Massive Beds
|
Beds that have no internal structure and form from similar sediment, deposited over time or a lot at once
|
|
Formed by chemical means that do not involve any living organisms.
|
Chemical Rocks
|
|
Law of Superposition
|
The principle that a sedimentary rock layer is older than the layers above it but younger than the layers below it if layers arent disturbed
|
|
Foliation; near or actually touching
|
Contact Metamorphism causes no... and affects an area that is... magma
|
|
Special properties of minerals
|
It bubbles or fizzes if acid is placed on mineral and/or magnetic properties, or splits into thin sheets
|
|
stratified
|
arranged in visible layers
|
|
coquina
|
made of completly shell fragments
|
|
Extrusive
|
forms outside of the Earth
|
|
Under water
|
Where sedimentary rock usually forms.
|
|
Melting Point
|
As pressure increases, ... increases
|
|
2 Basic Types of Metamorphism
|
Regional and Local
|
|
Igneous rock whose cooling rate has changed and thus has two or more different sized crystals.
|
Porphyry
|
|
small
|
Lava that cools quickly will form extrusive igneous rocks that have _____ crystals.
|
|
prophase
|
a phase of mitosis; chromosomes coil, and sister chromatids become obvious; the nuclear membrane disappears
|
|
Granite is to rocks
as
quartz is to _____
|
minerals
|
|
Types of Igneous Intrusions
|
laccolith, volcanic neck, volcano, stock, batholith, dike, sill
|
|
When sheets build up forming an extrusion.
|
Lava plateau
|
|
Divergent
|
a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other and new sea floor forms
|
|
When molten rock cools, igneous rock is formed. Intrusive rocks are igneous rocks that have formed (and cooled slowly) beneath the surface of the Earth. Extrusive rocks are igneous rocks that have formed (and cooled more quickly) at the surface of the Ear
|
Igneous rock
|
|
nonsilicate mineral
|
a mineral that does not contain both silicon and oxygen and it makes up four precent of the earth's crust
|
|
How many minerals are in the earth?
|
more than 3000
|
|
Sediment transport and deposition
|
Sediments are sorted in layers, largest particles setting out first near the shoreline and the lightest silt and clay in deeper, calmer water
|
|
clastic sedimentary rocks
|
composed of weathered bit of rocks and minerals and classified by particle size
|
|
What is a sedimentary rock?
|
A rock formed by other rock particles.
|
|
Area was possibly had a warmer climate
|
Clues from fossils - Fossils of plants that are found in a very cold areas of Earth.
|
