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Complete list of Terms and Definitions for Social Studies

Terms Definitions
Conquistadors spanish bad guy warriors
Toltec from mexico farmed and traded
Beringa dry lands between Asia and Alaska
Aztecs tribe in north of modern mexico
Logographs Represented words in the Mayan hieroglyphics.
Moche people located in dry coastal desert of what is now Peru
Mesoamerica farming began here; Meso comes from greek word "middle," includes lands stretching from the valley of Mexico to Costa Rica in central america
Phonetic Symbols Represented sounds in the Mayan hieroglyphics.
Hispaniola an island in the Caribbean which today is Haiti and the Dominican Republic
Native Americans they spoke 300 languages and called themselves by thousands of different names
Post Classic Period The period when Mayans stopped cultural achievements.
Corn Crop An essential crop to the Mayans because of their beliefs and nutritional value.
Nobles The ones who played in the Mayan ball game.
Hernan Cortes one of the nobles to travel to the americas; he was 19
Freedman Former slave
huguenots john calvins followers
Declaration of Independence 1776
Soviets reach Berlin April 1945
Nullify To cancel federal law
Amnesty Act pardoned most former Confederates
South Carolina Secedes December 20th 1860
Immigrant Person from a foreign country
amerigo vespucci the man americas named after
Legislature Part of government that makes laws
Dictator Ruler with absolute power and authority
Andrew Johnson vice president to Lincoln; became president when Lincoln was killed
veto to reject (a proposed bill or enactment) by exercising a veto.
Kristallnacht November 910 1938; Night of Broken Glass
Patent Document that gives someone sole right to make or sell invention
Isthmus Narrow strip of land joining two larger areas of land
Second Reconstruction Act required the military commanders to register voters and prepare for state constitutional conventions
protestant reformation divided the church who most eurpons went to
isolationism policy of isolating a country from the affairs of others by declining to enter into alliances
Income Tax Tax on money people earn or receive
Border state- state between the North and the South that was divided over whether to stay in the Union or join the Confederacy
jacques cartier a man who explored the coast of canada
Start of Slavery 1619; 20 African Americans arrive in Jamestown
Appomattox Court House Grant met with Lee to end the war
Compromise of 1850 Congress decided to let states vote on whether to be a free state or a slave state
Guru Spiritual teacher.
Dharma One's proper path in life.
The Buddha believe life is? Suffering
enlightenment to live in spirtial enlightenment, buddha
One of the sects of Buddhism is? Zen
What is the Buddha's Real Name? Siddhārtha Gautama
nirvana the freedom of the cycle of reincarnation and human sufferings
middle way medditating to comprimise for the extremes of action
Brahman The one divine and being of Hinduism- God.
Enlightment Being able to see or comprehend the truth: free from ignorance, prejudice or superstition.
dalai lama the title given to the spirit leader of the Tibetan people, it means "ocean of wisdom" and is derived fomr Mongolia
The river of Ganges is? One of the most holy natural features of the Indian landscape for Hindus.
How were the teachings of Buddha preserved after his death? In the Tripitaka (three baskets) written on palm leaves.
environment Surrondings.
history,economies,twist,culture,democracy Western Europe-long_______,strong__________,major____ attractions,similar_______ to ours,_______very strong here
petroleum an oily liquid
Female Olympics dedicated to Hera
catacombs tombs beneath the ground
olive branch a symbol of peace
Sherman Antitrust Act Breaks up monopolies
Democratic Republicans supported Jackson, favored states' rights and mistrusted strong central government; many were frontier people, immigrants, or city workers; was weakened after Van Buren's decision to create the federal treasury system
Dynasty / Chinese Emperors Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty
Trade Route How the Phoenician alphabet spread
Mexican Cession Treaty of Guadeloupe-Hidalgo, paid 15,000,000 for this property 1848 (california)
floods what allowed the Egyptians to settle in the region
patronage granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support
Holocaust slaughter of Europe's Jews by the Nazis before and during WWII
Mummering disguised people vist homes during the winter
excavation the systematic removal of layers of earth-dig
sphinxes imaginary creatures with the bodies of lions and the heads of other animals or humans
Republic system of government in which citizens choose representatives to govern them. PEOPLE VOTE FOR THERE LEADERS.
Depression a depression is a period of low economic activity combined with a rise in employment
birthrate the number of births per year for every 1,000 people.
Dorothea Dix Reformer who spoke to the state legislature of Massachusetts about the conditions in which the mentally ill were forced to live.
General Cornwallis The British general who surrendered to George Washington at Yorktown
when Muhammad and his followers moved from Mecca to Medina 622 C.E.
militarism a build up of military strength within a country
Zachary Taylor led his groups to the disputed religion; led them to the Rio Grande, he camped across from mexican forces stationed near the town Matamoros, Mexico
silt a mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks
indian removal act law that authorized the governement to displace indians
gross national income average salary per yr that is expressed in us $
surplus more of one thing or product than is needed
States' Rights belief that the power of the federal government regarding the states in strictly limited
Donner Party a group of western travelers who were stranded in the Sierra Nevada during the winter of 1846-47; only 45 of the party's members survived
trade unions a group of skilled workers that tried to improve members' pay and working conditions
The Four Noble Truths Life is suffering, suffering is caused by desire, the way to end suffering is to end desire, and the way to end desire is to follow the Middle Way (Eight Fold Path).
Cultural Hearth the heartland or place of origin of a major culture; a site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to other cultures, A center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward.
The Righteous Fists of Harmony secret society in China organized by Chinese who resented exploitation of China
Describe Ice Age in detail Ice Ages accurred around 1.6 million years ago. Many places around the world experianced very long periods of freezing weather. Huge piles of ice covered the earths land. The Ice Ages ended around 10,000 years ago.
Why did druids have their own clan? So they didn't do their clan favours.
artisan craftspeople
AR Litte Rock
Anarchy disorder or lawlessness
Augustus' census count empire's population
nullification the act of nullifying
Theory One possible explanation for something
Montreal What is Quebec's largest city?
daimyo powerful military lord in feudal Japan
Theater (plays/masks) (Greece) The Golden Age wrote dramas/tragedies,comedies(Theater at Epidaurus)
Kosovo, February 17,2008,kosovo _______ declares independence ___________ it declared independence. ________ declares independence it official separation from Serbia
recession Things cost more than they're worth
Saunas Wooden rooms heated by water sizzling on hot stones
inauguration a ceremony in which the President takes the oath of office.
Prehistory the time during the development of human culture before the appearance of the written word
Woodrow Wilson President of the US during WW1
Missouri Compromise •Settled debate over slavery •36 º 30' line divided the Louisiana Territory •The Missouri Compromise provided for Maine (free) and Missouri (slave) to enter the Union at the same time. •It also set up a line that allowed slavery south of it and no slavery north of it. •This kept the number of free states and slave states equal.
Kingdoms Egypt conquered during the New Kingdom Kush, Hyksos, Syria
Lucretia Mott helped Stanton form the womens rights group
skilled slaves Could earn money to buy their freedom
hemisphere Hemi means half, another way to of saying "half of the Earth"
land speculators buys lots of land for little money
Monsoons What are strong winds that blow across the eastern oceans from November to March?
The Alien Act The president could expel any foreigner from the country if he thought the foreigner was dangerous to the country
Louis Jolliet used portage from Mississippi River to the Great Lakes(around Michigan)
Middle Colonies New Jersey was one of England's North America's colonies between New England and Southern colonies.
Marquette and Joliet Explored the Great Lakes region hoping to discover more trade routes.
British Weakness -weak motivation (what will it take to win) -long supply lines -hostile population -patriots -foreign enemies (world war)
Magna Carta a charter that prevented the king from raising taxes without consulting with the Great Council of nobles and church leaders
Aurora Borealis What is the natural light show called that you can see in the Northern Territories?
population of the state representation in the Virginia Plan would be determined by this
J. C. Penny Company By 1929 nearly 1400 department stores were owned by...
Kansas/ Nebraska Act 1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.
Why wetlands are important Because they help keep up the supply of groundwater
What is a marsupial? An animal that carries her babies in her pouch.
During the long journey to Virginia they got off course and they ended up much farther north of Cape Cod and settled at Plymouth. Why did the Pilgrims go to Massachusettes and not Virginia?
Circa about
wan pale, sickly
Define: dramatis personae actors.
persecution unfair treatment or punishment
muskets/guns first industry to be mechanized
1946-49 China becomes communist/3rd Civil War
yellow journalism false or exaggerated reporting
Mexico is struggling with high unemployment, debt and _________ Inflation
tenements a rundown, poorly maintained apartment building
Pelaponisian War was between.. Sparta and Athens
Upton Sinclair A Pulitzer Prize-winning American author who wrote over 90 books in many genres. He achieved popularity in the first half of the 20th century, acquiring particular fame for his 1906 muckraking novel The Jungle. It exposed conditions in the U.S. meat packing industry, causing a public uproar that contributed in part to the passage a few months later of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act.
Radical Republicans Political party in congress that fought for full citizenship and equal rights for African Americans. They also sought to punish the south.
Indo-Europeans group of seminomade peoples who, about 1700 B.C., Began.
What is Louisiana mostly made up of? Plains
propoganda opinions expressed for the purpose of influencing others
mestizo a person with mixed European and Native American heritage
Reformation a Christian movement that began in sixteenth-century Europe as an attempt to refom the Catholic Church: resulted in the founding of Protestantism
colony a land ruled by a distant country
louisana territory U.S paid 12 million dollars to France
conscription Both sides passed this law, they were also known as a draft. These laws required men to serve in the military.
Louisiana Purchase the 1803 purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France
Vishnu one of the most important gods in Hinduism, known as the preserver to Hindus
rotation one complete spin of Earth on its axis
Big Stick Policy US being policeman in western hemisphere using the NAVY AND MILITARY
Popular Sovereignty the idea that government recieves it's powers from the people
Allies Nations who join the war against Nazi Germany
Quarter To provide or pay for housing at no cost to another person
Hundred year war - a war fought between 1337-1453 between France and England. Changed the way wars were fought and shifted power from feudal lords to monarchs and common people
Great Leap Forward 1958-1961 (attempt for china to catch up with the modern world, agriculturally and industrially)
Chandragupta Maurya a soldier who seized the power of India,founder of the Mauryan Empire
Alluvial Plain Low flat land formed from fine soils deposited by rivers.
outer core a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of the Earth
wto establish own religion why did the puritans come to America
Ferdinand Magellan was the Portuguese sea captian in charge of the... first known circumnavigation of the world.
United State flag, statue of liberty and the liberty bell Patriotic symbols of the United States
thick forests, steep hills, and few roads made to travel Why was it hard to reach the backcountry?
Virginia Richmond
contract binding legal agreement
classify grouping things together
map a two-dimensional graphic representation of selected parts of the earth's surface
Baron von richthofen German famous pilot
Copperhead They were Northern Democrats who favored peace in the South. (copperheads are a poisonous snake that strikes without warning)
David Ben-Gurion First Prime Minister of Israel
compass an instrument used to find direction
Jose Marti Cuban patriot, published newpaper La Patria Libre, killed in 1890s revolution
incas They were a South American Indian culture that was devastated by Pizarro and the Spanish in the 1530s.
Social classes Groups with different levels of importance
dividend a stockholder's share of a company's profits, usually as a cash payment
Jefferson Davis The President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War.
365 DAYS AVERAGE TIME BETWEEN APPEARANCES OF NILE RISING
Great Awakening spiritual revival that swept through the colonies between 1730 and 1760.
philosopher an educated person who uses reason to study life
geography the study of the earths surface and process that shape it
War Production Board helped factories shift from making consumer goods to making guns, ships, aircraft, and other war materials.
daughters of liberty manufactured items that the colonies boycotted
Trade Union Organization of workers with the same trade or skill
Rural A country setting or places in the country.
event turned the war in N.V. favor tet offensive
Society a community of people who share a common culture
crematorium a furnace where a corpse can be burned and reduced to ashes
Pottawatomie Massacre Kansas collapsed into a civil war and many citizens were killed as a result
Louis XVI - King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. He and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.
Stephen A. Douglas Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebreaska Act and the Freeport Doctrine, a moderate
Anubis god of enbalming with the head of a jackal
Giovanni da Verrazano Italian sailor sent by the king of France to look for a water route to Asia. He instead reached what is now known as Sandy Hook, NJ. He explored New York Bay
What illegal place did Charles I create to fine his enemies? Court of Star Chamber
Source of Funds This is how the king and Parliament viewed the American colonies.
enslaved Africans who ran away and became part of the Seminoles tribe Who were the Black Seminoles?
Fort Ticonderoga was an important early victory for Americans because They seized Cannons that were needed to defeat the British later in Boston.
The Dutch took control of the Hudson River when searching for the Northwest Passage. What happened as result of Hudson exploring the North American coast?
Helot Greek Serfs
Denomination branch of Christianity
poaching- illigally killing animals.
1400's Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople
chief leader of monarchy prime minister
BC Abbreviation which means Before Christ
Import goods brought into a country
Henry Hudson Explored Hudson Bay for England
Noah Webster Published the first American dictionary in 1828 after 27 years of writing. It contains 70,000 words. By 2009, there were over 59 million words on the 22,000 pages in the official Oxford English dictionary
Three-fifths compromise agreement at the Constitutional Convention that three fifths of the slaves in any ststae be counted as population
Thomas Jefferson wrote the declaration of independence
census an official enumeration of the population, with details as to age, sex, occupation, etc.
Franz Josef Emperor of Austria-Hungary at the outbreak of World War I.
Square Deal Theodore Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all
new freedom Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.
causes of civil war slavery and state's rights
what amendemnt put slavery to a stop 13th
industrialize country that has changed its economy to manufacturing/business & less agriculture-farming & ranching
Sahara a huge desert stretching across most of North Africa
George Clinton First governor of New York State
parliament a body of representatives that makes laws for england
Nominating conventiton large meeting in which a political party chooses a candidate
demorcacy a type of goverment in which people rule themselves
ward an orphan who is put in another persons care until he or she becomes an adult
Tariff of Abominations 1828 law that significantly raised tariffs on raw materials and manufactured goods
Laissez faire idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs
Great compromiser henry clay was known as the ____________________
ironclad a warship that is covered with iron. They were much better than wooden ships. Most of the ship is under water and there is a big rotating gun on top of the boat.
Plessy V Ferguson a Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
crimean war a war between Great Britain, France, Turkey, and Sardinia on one side, and Russia on the other, fought chiefly in the Crimea 1853–56.
Thomas Aquinas argued that the most bassic religious truths could be proved by logical argument
Olive Branch Petition Petition sent by American colonists to King George II asking him to ask for protection from the British Parliament.
Boston Massacre British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them. Five colonists were killed. The colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty and used this incident as an excuse to promote the Revolution.
English Bill of Rights Guaranteed certain rights to all citizens
Samuel de Champlain arrived at Quebec in the early 1500's
Northern Disadvantages had to conquer a large area, invade unfamiliar land, lines of supply were longer, unfamiliar terrain, dont want to fight, bad generals
list of freedoms that the government promises to protect Bill of Rights
Who is part of the Judicial branch of government? Supreme Court
Lee Yick took his case of a laundromat to the supreme court and won the case because of the 14th amendment (took place in San Fransisco)
Uncle Tom's Cabin an 1852 novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe written to show the evils of slavery and the injustice of the fugitive slave act. northerneres love it and see it inspiring, but southers clamor and say it isn't accurate
What ammendment allowed woman suffrage and when it was ratified? Nineteenth Ammendment and was ratified in 1920
where did the french start trading post canada, great lakes, mississippi valley
Why did the French decide to settle in New France fur trading and fishing
Why did Christians threaten the Romans? Refused to worship Roman gods, seen as opposing Roman rule
Describe Ramses 11 and his beliefs on how to rule conquered people He ruled for 66 years and was an amazing ruler. He fought against their enemy, the Hittites and claimed victory when the winner was unknown. He made the peace with them and kept Egypt's government stable.
posterity future generations
Anasazi lived in? Pueblos
draft required military sservice
west side world of dead
Traditional Economy Individuals, determined by long-standing customs, determined by long-standing customs,varies on one's role; family needs.
legalism all power to the ruler
Heliocentricity earth revolves around the sun
desalinization process used to make seawater drinkable
Cabinet people appointed by high executive departments of government who act as official advisers to the President.
inflation increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money
federalists were the people who supported ratifying the constitution
bazaar a marketplace or shopping quarter, esp. one in the Middle East.
city-state a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
Hadrian He was an Emporer and created Hadrian's Wall
1690 Henry kelsey became fisrt european to visit canadian plains
Mao Zedong leader of communist forces in China
Osiris brother of Isis, god of agriculture, ruler of the dead
Judah a smaller southern kingdom founded by two of the 12 tribes of Israel it's capital was jerusalem
Gothic A way of architecture, had pointed edges and high ceilings
who built a vast steel empire? Andrew Carnegie
King Lalibela built red churches that still remain there today
paleolithic era the first part of the stone age
Aborigine a member of the earliest people of Australia, who probably came from Asia
Neutral Not siding with any other country in dispute
consul one of two elected officials of the Roman Republic who commanded the army and were supreme judges
Erie Canal a massive water route that runs between New York City and Buffalo, New York. It opened the upper Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes region to settlement and trade. It also unified the two sides of the country.
protestant an adherent of any of those Christian bodies that separated from the Church of Rome during the Reformation, or of any group descended from them.
John Wycliffe An Englishman that preached that Jesus Christ was the head of the Church and not the pope, weakening the papacy. Beleived that the clergy should own no land or wealth. Taught that the Bible alone was the final authority for Christian life. Inspired an English translation of the New Testament.
Intolerable Acts Acts passed to punish the citizens of Boston for the Boston Tea Party.
Underground Railroad a system of secret escape routes that led enslaved people to free land
globe a round model of the Earth that shows the continents and oceans in their true shapes
convention of 1818 set the boundary of the Louisianna Territory between Canada and the US at the 49th parallel
Judicial Review The right of the supreme court to decide if the law violates the constitution
erosion the act or state of eroding; state of being eroded.
boston tea party when a group of colonists dressed as indians dumped tea into the harbor to protest the tea act
How does Jackson strengthen the presidency? Precedent of vetoing, appointing supporters to office, and making bold decisions
Marbury vs. Madison An 1803 court case in which the Supreme court ruled that it had the power to decide whether laws passed by congress were constitutional and to reject laws that were considered unconstitutional. THIS CASE involved a midnight judge, and before Adams left his presidency, he wanted marbury to be a judge, but madison is delivering papers for him to be a judge, and jefferson says that if you do deliver the papers, your political career is OVER! this case goes to the supreme court which involves judicial review, and if it involves this, it NEEDS to go to the Supreme Court. (woah politics is confussssingggg)
artists, writers, and moviemakers name three jobs that can use greek myth for some type of information in their job
what are the four main islands of japan hokkaido honshu shikoku kyushu
Army of the Potomac the name given to the union army in the East
rights guaranteed by the 5th amendment no person shall be held to answer for a capital, the government may not deprive anybody of life, liberty or property without due process of law
one of the most important gods was the corn god (Maize) and corn was one of their most important values the role of corn in the Mayan civilization
Mountainous Little soil
civilization an advances culture
Manor the lord's estate
suffrage the right to vote
John Adams Samuel Adams' cousin, patriot
*Third World Country poor nation developing
President, 1913-1921; progressive reformer; initially did not support woman suffrage Woodrow Wilson
Proposal a suggestion for others to consider
liberty freedom from being controlled by another government
astrolabe tool allowing navigators to determine their ship's position by charting the position of the stars
Abolitionists people who believed that slavery should be against the law
pyramid a quadrilateral masonry mass having smooth, steeply sloping sides meeting at an apex, used as a tomb in ancient Egypt
julius caesar Made dictator for life after conquering Gaul, assinated by the Senate because they were afraid of his power
epidemic An outbreak of disease that spreads quickly and affects many people
diversity many different ideas and ways of living as seen in different food, clothing, music, dance, and languages
2 step in mummification remove brain through nose
Hoovervilles Name given to the shanytowns that became homes to many families
Taino Native Americans from island of San Salvador
during which era did farming develop? neolithic age
nomad a member of a group that settles briefly in one place and then moves on to another
French one of the main languages spoken in Quebec
Puritans A religious group that settled the New England and known for their strong social institutions, including schools and churches
What else did Egyptians make? Beautiful statues and jewelry.
New Jersey Plan proposal by William Patterson to create a one house legislature with equal rep. by population; rejected at the Const. Covnv.
parable a simple story that contains a message or truth
famine a severe food shortage in which crops don't grow and there is often no rain.
colonization to move and settle in a certain area
triangular trade a pattern of colonial commerce in which slaves were bought on the African Gold Coast with New England rum and then traded in the West Indies for sugar or molasses, which was brought back to New England to be manufactured into rum.
obsidian A hard, glassy volcanic rock used by early peoples to make sharp weapons. It was Teotihuacan's most valuable trade item. It was green or black and it was found in the Valley of Mexico.
roger williams minister of church in salem forced to leave. founded rhode island
Bill of Rights the first ten amendments to the Constitution
poll tax special fee that must be payed bbefore a person could vote
ten commandments the precepts spoken by God to Israel, delivered to Moses on Mount Sinai; the Decalogue. Ex. 20; 24:12,34; Deut. 5. Though the numbering of these commandments may differ in some religions, that which has been followed in this dictionary is based on the Kin
Peloponnesian War A war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta
The Bank War Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power, and was too rich. Whigs were scared he was going to destroy the Bank, so Clay and Webster decided to apply for renewal early, before the next election. Jackson vetoed the bill to renew the charter, but the people agreed with him
Fertile Crescent A region in the Middle East where the land is fertile and it is shaped like a crescent- it is where civilizations began
rule by divine rights idea that a ruler's power came from the gods
the North after the Industrial Revolution railroads- the type of transportation; food- large farms used the McCormick Reaper and the Deere Plow to mass produce food to feed millions of factory workers; communication- telegraph
How did the Industrial Revolution affect the North? It increased the amount of textile industries, which helped the economy
requirements to be president and VP only 1, serve for 4 years, elected by electoral college, over 35 yrs, natural born citizen, resident of US for over 14 yrs
What did Sam Houston do after the Battle of The Alamo? he ran from Santa Anna. He took a stand at the River San JAcinto
strikes work stoppage
Alliance An agreement between nations
Royal Colony owned by king
swell increase in size or volume
Temperance movement campaign against alcohol consumption
The building where lawmakers meet Capitol
diplomats officials who represent countries in foreign affairs
Fourth Amendment protects people's homes from unreasonable searches
Saudi's Government ruled by the Saud family
archaeologist one who studies artifacts of people
crusade any of the military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Muslims.
huns Nomadic people from Asia who attacked the Roman Empire.
The Sedition Act Citizens couldn't criticize the government
Sons of Liberty colonists that organized colonial protest against British
river, Atlantic, transportation The St. Lawrence______connects the Great Lakes to the _______Ocean, which makes it one of North America's most important__________routes.
Harriet Tubman Conductor on the Underground Railroad who led enslaved people to freedom
Manorialism an economic system in which peasants provide services to a feudal lord exchange for protection
landlocked completely surrounded by land with no direct access to the ocean
Culture Divergence the process of cultures becoming seperate and is adopted
Simony A practice in which bishops sold positions in the Church
Battle of Tours European armies defeat Muslim armies and stop the spread of Islam in Europe, fought in spain, between charles martel and the muslim people, won by Charles Martel, stopped muslim advance into Europe; Muslim leader: Abd-er Rahman; ended on Oct. 10, 132
Northwest Ordinance had a three step process which included that congress would appoint a governor, senate, and three judges in order to become a new state
annexation the incorporation of a teritory into a larger political body
Bicameralism A government with two houses in the legislatve branch
Spartian the society that was ruled by two kings
Proclamation An order from a leader to the citizen
Roger Sherman He helped draft the Great Compromise that determined how states would be represented in Congress
Ulysses S. Grant Union general during the Civil War
scribe a person who serves as a professional copyist, esp. one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of printing.
patrilineal adj. relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the father.
Dred Scott slave whose owner took him to Free states. He tried to sue his owner but lost in court
Gadsden Purchase a strip of land purchased from Mexico for $10 million in present-day Arizona and New Mexico to complete a railroad.
The Mexicain War War between Mexico and the United States. Countries fought for disputed territories in the west including New Mexico territories in the west including New Mexico territory and California.
native american a member of the aboriginal people of America or of any of the aboriginal North or South American stocks, usually excluding the Eskimos.
Carl B. Stokes the first African American mayor of a major city, Cleveland, 1967- he walked the streets to ease racial tension
Committees of Correspondence way for the 13 colonies to communicate through letters with each other about what was goin on in their colonies
Iliad and the Odyssey oral poetry written into 2 great epics, written by Homer
Civil Rights Movement began in the 1950's, an effort to get equal rights for African Americans
First 10 amendments of the constitution What is the bill of rights?
How did most African Americans manage to endure slavery? they endured their hardships by extending their own culture, fellowship, and community. By creating extended families, they helps spread their culture and add some reassurance to their lives. Many African Americans sang songs called spirituals, which provided a way to communicate secretly with each other, and helped them connect with enslaved people in the Bible; their Christianity became a source of hope and resistance; they continued their African culture with music, dance, stories, and clothing. They fused African and American elements into a new culture
How did the first Americans arrive? They came over a land bridge from Asia to North America
why was eleanor roosevelt an active first lady she acted as the eyes and ears of the president while she talked to the unemployed and the poor. she had her own career and was a reformer who believed in equal justice for all. she spoke out often on social issues