Complete List of Terms and Definitions for Social Studies Exam

Terms Definitions
estonia narva
enthusiastic eagerly interested.
California The Golden State
wildliffe wild plants and animals
jim cooper current nashville representative
Yorktown -Washington, Lafayette, and French Navy surround British. Cornwallis surrenders
-victory
Budget a plan for using money
aryans Racially superior Tall, blond, and blue-eyed
Monarchy The new government of each city-state
radical people who take extreme political positions.
refuge a place where someone is safe
uses of geography 3 used to make decisions
Constitution Our plan of government *implies that citizens should respect/obey the law,vote,defend the country,serve on juries,and pay taxes.Citizens are represented in congress be "electing" representatives.
*implies means to suggest some thing without actually saying the subject.
Archaeologist a scientist who studies artifacts from the past and draws conclusions from it
Thomas Hobbes wrote about English government and society
de jure segregation racial separation created by law
diseases What did the European settlers bring to the indigenous people in the Prairie Provinces that they couldn't fight off?
May 7, 1945 Germany surrenders. The War ends.
Equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the Earth. The __________ is exactly half way between the North pole and the South Pole. The _________ is at zero degrees latitude. The ________ divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres
Upton Sinclair muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle
Horatio Gates U.S. army general in the revoluntary war
parallel any of the imaginary lines that circle the Earth from east to west; a latitude line
alluvial fan sediment that builds up into a fan-shaped form
Key West The largest city in the Florida Keys
alphabet a set of symbols that represent the sounds of a language
fossil Fuels Sources of energy that formed from animal and plant remains.
Sea Level is the surface of the ocean. ________ is used as a standard in measuring land elevation or see depths
Charles Lindbergh United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)
reincarnation rebirth of a soul in the body of another living thing
Line of Demarcation imaginary line from North Pole to South Pole at about 50 degrees longitude.
Spain established missions to spread Christianity throughout the new lands
Townsend Acts Series of indirect taxes on items such as glass and tea to pay for defending the colonies
election of 1860 It showed that the South was losing its political power in the nation
Wade- Davis Bill a bill that offered a plan much harsher than Lincoln's
-majority of white males in a state had to swear loyalty to the Union
-a state constitutional convention could be held but only white males could vote for delegates
-the convention had to adopt a state constitution that abolished slavery
Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks, didnt give up her seat to a white man was arested.Dec 1,1955
What are the three mountain ranges? Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada, and the Cascades
Why did the activities in an agora be crucial to the city growth? Because it makes them happy
swizerland bern
Ra/Re supreme sun-god
covenant a binding agreement
biography a story about someone
federalists supporters of the constitution
geography the study of the earth
symbol Anything that stands for something
Thomas Jefferson wrote the declaration of independence
Florida Ponce de Leon named this state.
Samuel De Champlain french geograppher and explorer
railroad that stretches across a continent from coast to coast transcontinental railroad
Ahmose New kingdom pharaoh who drove the Hyksos out of the Nile Delta and reunited Egypt
Concrete mixture of stone, sand, cement and water
Baron Montesquieu French thinker; published "The Spirit of Laws"
colony settlement far from the country that rules it
climate the average weather conditions of an area
Anthropologists look at human society how people developed and related to each other
Tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is n contact with the ground. Tornadoes usually develop from severe thunderstorms and can produce winds of 100 to 300 mph
navigable wide or deep enough to allow the passage of ships
Pinckney's Treaty 1795 treaty with Spain allowing US commerical use of the Mississippi River
The amount more than what is required or necessary Surplus
semiarid regions that receive a small amount of rain
Dialect a regional variety of a language, with differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation; also a form of a language spoken by members of a particular social class or profession
Mohenjo-Daro an ancient city in the Idus Valley, meaning "Mound of the Dead", 400 miles to the south of Harappa, 40,000 people lived there where streets and homes were well-planned and built, along with advanced sewers by their highly skilled builders, engineers and craftworkers
John Brown a radical abolitionist who killed 5 pro slavery men
Plate Tectonics refer to the interaction of the thick slabs of rock called plates that make up the earth's crust. These plates are constantly moving. The huge, rigid plates hold both the ocean floor and the continents.
delta land formed by the soil that a river deposits as it flows into a larger body of water
popular vote The total votes cast in an election, as different from the total seats won in an election.
league of nations an association of nations to reserve peace and solve international disputes proposed in wilson fourteen points
Slave codes Rules to keep slaves under control by taking away rights.
Amendment 7 Right to sue, right to hear and question witness, right to an attorney, righ to a jury, judge can't overturn jury's decision.
Federal judiciary act Law passed by the first congress that set up lower federal courts
What was the "Brain Trust?" Roosevelt's advisers that helped him make ideas and change the way the gov. works
Second Battle of the Marne The first battle that the US participated in overseas. They stopped Germany from taking France, turning point of world war 1
What caused the Pequot War? It was a struggle over land between the colonists and the indians.
Why didn't girls learn subjects such as math and science? they were only expected to care for families which didn't need an education
MD Annapolis
Ambush Surprise attact
Thomas Edison telephone T
January 30, 1948 Gandhi's death
Gullah Culture Weaving baskets from seagrasses.
Republic Government run by elected Representatives of the people.
massasolt leader or sachem of Wampanoag
During early Roman times this city-state required all men to be trained as soldiers Sparta
Huang He the second-longest river in China
george washington who presided over the proceedings
The Pentateuch Genesis, Exodus, Leuiticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.
Pilgrims English settlers who wanted to reform the Church of England in the Americas
Seneca Falls Convention first women's rights convention
issued a declaration of rights based on the Declaration of Independence, which called for an end to all laws that discriminated against women
non-renewable resource a resource that cannot be replaced
Lobbying direct contact made by an interest group representative in order to persuade government officials to support the policies their interest group favors
Baghdad What is the "harbor of the world"?
Moses an Israelite leader whom the Torah credits with leading the Israelites from Egypt to Canaan
Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln's announcement that freed the slaves
veto the power of a goverment to reject bills or proosal passed by a nother goverment
Industrial Revolution factory tools replaced hand tools, the large scale manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work
Tenskwatawa (the prophet) Tecumseh's brother; formed a village in 1808 called Prophetstown
Unbiased The exact opposite of bias, you don't put your opinion in and unjudgemental way.
Second Continental Congress Met in Philadelphia formed the continental Army.
crispus a runaway slave who led the charge against the soldiers.
GREAT PYRAMID LARGEST AND GREATEST TOMB BUILT FOR KHUFU
Jericho(in the west bank) Catal Huyuk(in Turkey) Earliest KNOWN communities
Ford General Motors And Chrysler The Three Main Auto Industries
Fasces bundle of rods with an axe used to symbolise authority
Bond A piece of paper given in exchange for money with promise to repay the loans plus interest by a certain date.
Tampa, Mobile, and Pensacola Three Gulf of Mexico port cities
Berlin city that was divided by the "Wall of Shame"
erie canal a human made waterway across ny state connecting the hudson river with the erie canal
sound a wide inlet of the sea or ocean that is parellel to the coastline, it often seperates a coastline from a nearby island
Battle of San Jacinto the final battle in the texas revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican Army and independence for Texas
Iceman of the Alps one of the oldest and best preserved bodies ever found; discovered on the border between Austria and Italy in 1991; is believed to be from the Europe's Copper Age
Fighting in the South britsh have a strategy: to go fight in the north (doesnt work out). go to south (win a lot then americans win a lot at king hill, cowpens, then at yorktown where they surrender)
How did Thomas Paine's Common Sense help lead to the Declaration of Independence? He made people realize that it was time to break away from Britain, He wrote it so that it was easy way to understand, He said" A government of our own is our natural right"
judicial review
judicial branch interprets laws
Genocide Liquidation of people
Creoles American-born descendants of Europeans
pesticides chemicals used for killing insects
warriors Overall, the Assyrians were ____
number of supreme court justices nine
who are the justices approved by? senate
communism the government owns everything. (cuba, vietnam)
Where was Alfred the Great from? England
platypus small densely furred aquatic monotreme of Australia and Tasmania having a broad bill and tail and webbed feet
gulf large part of ocean extends to land
conquistadors Cortes' men who conquered the Aztecs became known as conquistadors to the Europeans
cooperate to work together to keep their community a safe and peaceful place to live
domestication when wild species become dependent on humans
1860 Election Abraham Lincoln wins over Stephen Douglas - South Carolina secedes
citizen a member of a community or country
Abraham Lincoln Sixteenth President of the United States, leader of the Civil War, and signer of the Emancipation Proclamation
samurai class of warriors in federal Japan who peldged loyalty to a nobel in return for land
Antifederalists Some also feared that any higher class on would be declared king or some people on the lower class would move up on the higher class
Ganges River a river in northern India and Bangladesh flowing from the Himalaya Mountains to the Bay of Bengal
Congress of Vienna Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order (pre-revolution time) after the defeat of Napoleon I
Prohibition laws that could ban the making and selling of alcohol
Guild an organization of people in a craft or trade
Stone Age time in recorded history when humans made their tools and weapons from various kinds of stone
Good trust A trust that might beat its rivals simply because its prices were lower, its products were better, or its management was more efficient
Arthur St. Clair Governor of the NW Territory, against Ohio becoming a state (also threatened to attack Native Americans who didn't sign the Treaty of Ft. Harmar AND helped write Maxwell's code)
infant mortality rate the number of deaths among infants under age one as measured per thousand live births
golden age time period when a civilization was at its peak
Judiciary Act A 1789 law that created the structure of the Supereme Court and set up a system of district courts and circuit courts for the nation.
Fertile Crescent the land that has fertile soil and is in the shape of a crescent And site of worlds first civilizations
Plebiscite A direct vote of all the people of a country or district on an important matter
He Replaced Them How Did Coolidge Deal With The Corrupt Ohio Gang
Treaty of Paris stated: Great Britain recognized the USA as an independent nation.
Anglo-Saxon kings sometimes displayed mercy towards criminals. Explain this and what this tells us about the social values of the time. They raised the age for the death penalty, and gave second chances to younger offenders. It tells us that the kings were wise, and understood the influence of peer-pressure.
They went to soothsayers so they can know the will of the gods so, the Etruscan can please the gods. Why did the Etruscan go to the soothsayers?
ratify approve
Economic activity _________ slowed
Meridian Line of longitude
VP Gerald Ford nelson rockefeller
Demographic a statistic characterizing human population
continent a large land of mass
New Stone Age time 10,000-3,000 bc
Blockade Military action to prevent traffic from coming into an area or leaving it
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Orginization, a military alliance of various European countries, the United Sttes, and Canada.
An ancient region in present-day Lebanon Phoenicia
administrators work in public and nonprofit organizations., royalty and warriors
who invented the assembly line? Henry Ford
What party did Thomas Jefferson start Democratic-Republican Party
cartographer a person who makes maps or charts
North America What continent is NY loacated on
House of Burgesses -representative government in the english colonies
60 the age Spartians could leave the army
Tecumseh Led NA american resistence to white rule in the in Ohio river valley a Shawnee chief vowed to stop the loss of NA land
Santa Anna mexicain general who made himself dictator of mexico. Most famous momunmentscame during his war against texas.
This temporarily forbade colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains Proclamation of 1763
charlemagne charles the great, an imposing figure that stood six feet four inches tall, death in 771
developed country a modern industrial society with a well-developed economy
Why did people of the Middle Ages tithe ?
contagious diffusion The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population
sudetenland an area of czechoslovakia with a large german-speaking population
... Incas were experts in this type of work
Immigrants Came to the United States looking for a better life.
Silk Road a network of trade routes that extended from China to southwest Asia
Freeman peasants who paid the noble for the right to farm, worked only on strip of land and had rights under law. Noble could kick off manor without warning.
uruk an ancient Sumerian city in S Iraq, near the Euphrates, important before 2000 b.c.: exclusive archaeological excavations, notably of a ziggurat and of tablets with very early Sumerian script.
Angkor Wat One of the worlds greatest achivements in archetecture; Khmer Angkor built it; almost a square mile; built as a symbolic mt. to Vishnu (Hindu God).
santa fe trail important route from missouri to new mexico
Tea Act A tax that remained after the repeal of the Townshend Acts.
strategic hamlet US plan to keep the south vietnamese away from viet cong by gathering people in special fortified places away from villages to protect them from VC attacks and prevent them from helping the VC
plantation a large farm on which crops are grown for sale and on whichthe people live there
mandate of heaven emperors received the right to rule from the gods
Coastal Plain A spread of land near bordering an ocean
How did the Islamic Empire gain wealth? conquering land and trade
a geographer one who studies at the local level and asks questions about how people in town or community live
electoral college a group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
How did tarriffs help industrialization? They helped because we could higher tarriffs on other countries products and get more money by doing so
What were the powers not given in the Articles of Confederation? Collection of Taxes
Chief of his political party The president controls one of the two major political parties in Congress (Republican or Democrat) this gives him influence over members of Congress for his party.
If the earth's climate had not warmed after the last ice age, how might the civilizations in the ancient Americas have been different? People may have remained hunters longer taking longer to make permanent settlements and cultivate crops.
It was a turning point of the war. From this point on, Lee fought a defending war on Southern Land. What was the battle of Gettysburg know for?
labrinth maze
artillery large mounted guns
kinetic energy Energy in motion
canal a waterway built by people
capital resource trucks, tools, machinery, buildings
what is the tallest mountain everest
Sectionalism regional loyalty that grew stronger after Congress passed a new tariff and it further divided the nation.
distribution The arrangement of something across Earth's surface
D-Day Invasion of Normandy by the Allies
James Madison Strict constructionist, 4th president, father of the Constitution, leads nation through War of 1812
Odysseus Mycenaean hero of the Trojan War
Nathaniel Rochester mapped out the town of Rochester
solon Athenian reformer of the 6th century; established laws that eased the burden of debt on farmers, forbade enslavement for debt
city a large important center of population and business activity
u-boats German submarines used in World War I
Haji religious journey made by Muslims to meca
sales government uses owned land to make money by selling those resources
Which British piece of legislation most directly affected Georgia in the days prior to the revolution? Sugar Act
1st successful circumnavigation - "Golden Hind" Sir Francis Drake
monostary a religious comunity of men( monks) who have given up thier possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship
sharecroppers farmer who works land for an owner, who provides equipment and seed, usually in debt
Normandy a region in northwestern France on the English Channel
slave state a state that allowed slavery before the Civil War
compromise settling of a dispute by agreeing that each side will give up something
majority rule rule by more than half the population
urban sprawl the growth of low density development outward from the edges of a city
"kitchen cabinet" group of unofficial advisors to Andrew Jackson who met with him in the White House kitchen
What election did he loose in? Election of 1824
israel a republic in SW Asia, on the Mediterranean: formed as a Jewish state May 1948. 5,534,672; 7984 sq. mi. (20,679 sq. km).
Reconquista a campaign led by king firdnand and queen isablela to retake spain from the muslims
first continental congress colonial leaders called a meeting in Philadelphia with reps from 12 colonies which later became the continental congress
This resolution gave Lyndon Johnson the approval if Congress to increase involvement in Vietnam. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Bay a body of water surrounded by land on three sides
Muslim Achievements -learned the idea of zero from Indian scholars
-borrowed the so-called Arabic numerals from India
-important contributions to algebra
-great discoveries in astronomy, physics, and chemistry
-the first pharmacists
-invention of water-driven machines
-creation of many lasting works of literature
Morse code a way to communicate using dots and dashes; was used by the telegraph to send messages (put the Pony Express out of business)
Assimilation When a group adopts all features of a culture.
Treat of Ghent (+) Ended fighting, US gained respect from other countries, US felt patriotism, Americans formed a new national identity
marbury v. madison a landmark case in which the supreme court, for the first time in American history, struck down an act of congress as unconstitutional, establishing the courts of the constitutional judicial review
The Underground Railroad was a secret network of people who would shelter and feed escaping slaves who were on their way to freedom in the North. What was the Underground Railroad?
Crime of omission failing to obey a law that requires a person to do something
During the last years of their kingdom. In 1450 B.C. after the Minoans kingdom weakend the Mycenaens invated Crete. By 1100 B.C. the Mycenaens began to lose their hold on Greece.For years historians believed worries called Dorians marched south into the P When did the Mycenaens do this?
What was another disadvantage to the natives having contact with Europeans? Contact to Europeans had exposed the natives to disease, with smallpox and measles the most dangerous.
What was the impact of the National Road? It was faster, easier to drive on, no mud, no bumps