Carnegie Mellon, EE 899

Excerpt: ... 18-899 Special Topics in Signal Processing Multimedia Communications: Coding, Systems, and Networking Prof. Tsuhan Chen tsuhan@ece.cmu.edu Lecture 9 MPEG-2 Audio 1 MPEG-2 Audio Allows lower sampling rates 16, 22.05, and 24 kHz (half of MPEG-1) From wideband speech to mediumband audio Higher frequency resolution Layers I, II, and III Multichannel coding Surround sound, multilingual, for visual/hearingimpaired Backward compatible (BC) and non-backward compatible (NBC) coding 18-899/Spring 1998/Chen Multichannel Audio 2/0-stereo 3/0 3/1 Surround LFE: Low-frequency enhancement (woofer) 15~120 Hz Can be anywhere 3/2 3/2 with woofer (5.1 system) 18-899/Spring 1998/Chen 2 Compatibility Forward compatibility A new decoder can decode an old bitstream Usually simple to achieve Backward compatibility An old decoder can decode a new bitstream, at least partially Usually limits the coding efficiency 18-899/Spring 1998/Chen MPEG-2 Backward Compatible Audio Coding MPEG- ...

Milwaukee School of Engineering, CS 182

Excerpt: ... le u A comment starts with # ifstream infile(mydata.txt); string inputLine ; getline (infile , inputLine, \n); if ( inputLine[0] != #) { istringstream istr(inputLine); istr > } 6 streams and C-style Strings n n n n Similar to stringstreams Included for backward compatibility Built around char arrays not strings Use the strstream library u #include <strstream.h> Take note! 1999-2002 by Henry L. Welch 2 CS182-W0102-Lecture 18 4 February 2002 7 Formatting with an ostrstream const unsigned int maxSize = _; char buffer[maxSize]; ostrstream ost(buffer,maxSize); ost < ; For safety ost < ; ost < ends; / Very important! cout < buffer; n NOTE: ost will go false if the buffer fills 8 Parsing With an istrstream istrstream ist(); ist > ; Or null terminated char[] n Recommendations u Use stringstreams rather than strstreams u Safer and friendlier 9 Inheritance n n Objects can share behavior is-a relationship stream istream fstream stringstr ...

Georgia Tech, CS 4750

Excerpt: ... s to achieve the goal Task decomposition Typical Real-World Constraints Elapsed time to market Cost/effort to design and implement Size/footprint/weight/power/price Computer power/memory (related to cost and power Consistency with overall product line Backward compatibility Differentiation from competitive products How: Gather, Organize, Represent Gather data Interviews, observation, surveys/questionnaires, documentation, immersion Organize data Notes, cards, brainstorming, computer tools Represent data Lists, outlines, matrices Narratives Hierarchies, Networks, Flow charts What Gather: Components Three key components in considering how people work Activities Artifacts Relations NOT JUST computer system oriented Study related processes and objects in the environment that people may use Office environment - papers, whiteboards, . Phone calling - phone book, note pad, dial, . What Gather: Task Analysis Focus Focus on observable behaviors What ar ...

Alabama, CS 357

Excerpt: ... Outline Data Structures CS 357 Lecture 8 Phillip G. Bradford The University of Alabama Exceptions Exceptions Unexpected Conditions Throw-Catch Paradigm Alternatives: Abort program Self-built handling Careful of call stack, etc. Exceptions: Hierar ...

Columbus State University, CPSC 5155

Excerpt: ... roliferation of busses is for backward compatibility with older devices. Backward Compatibility in PC Busses Here is a figure that shows how the PC bus grew from a 20bit address through a 24bit address to a 32bit address while retaining backward compatibility . Backward Compatibility in PC Busses (Part 2) Here is a picture of the PC/AT bus, showing how the original configuration was kept and augmented, rather than totally revised. Note that the top slots can be used by the older 8088 cards, which do not have the "extra long" edge connectors. Notation for Bus Signal Levels The system clock is represented as a trapezoidal wave to emphasize the fact that it does not change instantaneously. Here is a typical depiction. Others may be seen, but this is what our author uses. Single control signals are depicted in a similar fashion, except (of course) that they may not vary in "lock step" with the bus clock. Notation for Multiple Signals A single control signal is either low or high (0 volts or 5 volts). ...

JMU, CS 350

Excerpt: ... Multiple Choice Questions (Curtin-Dieteman-Sanford: AGP): -The AGP slot is designed for what component? a) Video Cards b) Sound cards c) Keyboard connection d) ethernet connection Answer: A What does Intel plan to replace with the PCI-Express? A.) A ...

UVA, CS 216

Excerpt: ... CS216: Program and Data Representation University of Virginia Computer Science Spring 2006 David Evans Java Security malcode.java Trusted Computing Base javac Compiler malcode.class JVML Lecture 20: Hair-Dryer Attacks and Introducing x86 Java Byte ...

Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, CS 250

Excerpt: ... Lecture 21 June 25 Hazards If an instruction tries to access a register that will be modified by an instruction in the pipeline o This is a data hazard o Ex 1. R2 10 2. R2 R1+ R2 o note: in the example architecture, the WB and DOF can be done in the same cycle if there was an instruction between the ones above, no hazard a hazard can also occur when the programmer requests a conditional branch o ex 1. BRZset ADD o Instruction 2 would be inserted into the pipeline before 1 is finished o If the branch is taken, it shouldnt be executed o A control hazard Possible solution 1: Do nothing o Make the programmer/compiler figure it out o No change in the circuits, just warn the programmer o Need to add a NOP (no operation ) instruction o EX 1. R1 10 R1 10 2. R2 3. R1 4. 5. R1 +R2 R2 + 1 no hazard hazard NOP R2 NOP R1 R2 +1 R1 + R2 o this requires the programmer/compiler to know a lot about the underlying architecture o makes it hard to program o no chance of backward compatibility with old ...

University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, ECE 391

Excerpt: ... ECE391: Computer Systems Engineering Lecture Notes Set 4 From C to C: System Call Linkage Spring 2007 System calls have much in common with other types of function calls, but use a slightly different calling convention. In this section, we examine ...

UMBC, CS 202

Excerpt: ... Notes on Generics How Java implements generics (and vs C+) This is my take based on some summer reading In C+ (with templates), when you instantiate a template, you get a complete copy of the class template code with your type substituted for the type parameter. Declarations of List<int>, List<double>, List<String> result in three copies of the List code. This allows C+ to maintain type information (int, double, String) at runtime. Prior to Java 5 generics container were implemented using the Object class You would define something like List ints = Array.asList{ 1, 2, 3 }; Since the List held Objects, the programmer was responsible for casting objects removed from the List. The point is that List (and all containers) were classes using the Object class. To support backward compatibility , the actual code generated from a generic container also uses Objects. So, in Java 5, when you declare List<int>, List<double> and List<String> you get ONE copy of the List code which uses Objects. The compiler makes sure ...

Maryland, ENEE 759

Excerpt: ... ENEE 759M: Advanced Topics in Microarchitecture - Final Prep Final Prep ENEE 759M: Advanced Topics in Microarchitecture, Spring 2000 Prof. Bruce Jacob 1. Final administrative stuff The final exam is May 19, 10:30-12:30, in the normal classroom. I ...

RIT, P 08205

Excerpt: ... Customer Requirements RP1 Project Family 20072 20073 Customer Requirement Collaboratively develop MM's with P08208 team will jointly produce the final products Transport 1kg payload Power motors with a PWM signal Use encoder feedback from drive and steering motors for user control Infinite rotation perpendicular to surface Wireless control from a computer Open source & Open architecture Well documented Utilize readily available COTS components Easily recognizable as member of RP Family Reflect design knowledge of RP Family Vertical configuration of drive and steering motors Designed for safe operation Professional look and feel Expandable to operate with multiple MM's Modular MM Mounting MM's can be interchanged thanks to a common physical mount and electronic connections Modular design opportunity for multiple uses Utilization of portable power source Withstand a drop from a tabletop (per test plan) Meet existing regulatory and RP Family constraints Backward compatibility command sets with prior RP ...