Hampshire, K 2

Excerpt: ... Brain and Spinal Cord (CNS) Anatomy Support structures (bone) meninges cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Protective structure blood-brain barrier General arrangement distribution of white and gray matter Meninges A general term which refers to all three connective tissue envelopes of the brain. The dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater cover both the brain and the spinal cord; cerebrospinal fluid lies within the space between the arachnoid and the pia. Ventricles - brain spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid Ependymal Cells The cells lining the ventricular system function as a transporting epithelium whose cilia have a role in circulation of CSF. (note blood vessel) Without looking at any sources - write out the 12 cranial nerves, in order The cranial nerves ...

Washington, ORALM 526

Excerpt: ... Prosthetic Implants and other Medical Conditions in Dental Practice Mark Drangsholt, DDS MPH PhD Oral Medicine 526 February 20, 2009 drangs@u.washington.edu Significance Dramatic increase in the number of prosthetic joints placed in the US over the last 35 years It's estimated that in 1989, in the US: 400,000 joint prostheses were placed 50,000 prosthetic cardiac valves 60,000 vascular grafts 75,000 cerebrospinal fluid shunts 90,000 pacemakers Significance implanted prostheses may be infected by circulating bacteria of oral origin these `late prosthetic device infections' often have devastating consequences, including: death (prosthetic valve endocarditis) serious morbidity - unable to ever walk again (prosthetic joint infection) Prosthetic Implants and Dental Practice Prosthetic heart valves Prosthetic joints Vascular grafts Implanted tranvenous pacemakers Cerebrospinal fluid shunts Central intravenous catheters Intraocular lenses Prosthetic Implants (continued) Penile implants Breast implants Dental ...

George Mason, BIOL 303 303

Excerpt: ... Nervous system, integration: Overview, and peripheral nervous system: Some review & misc. parts [Fig., not in text]: - white matter -> looks white due to the myelinated sheaths, which are quite fatty. - gray matter -> consists mostly of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and axons without fatty sheath. - ventricles -> spaces in the CNS that contain cerebrospinal fluid . This moves nutrients, hormones and other substances around, and, particularly in the brain acts as a shock absorber. - meninges [Fig., not in text]: - nervous tissue generally has the consistency of watery jello. Its very fragile. - meninges surround the nervous tissue and help maintain the structural integrity; they also allow for cerebrospinal fluid to circulate. Consists of: an outer covering, the dura mater a space in between made up of cerebrospinal fluid and the arachnoid membrane an inner membrane lying right over the brain, the pia mater The PNS, or Peripheral Nervous System: consists of paired spinal nerves and paired cranial nerves [ ...

Arizona, PSYC 302

Excerpt: ... The Brain (Part 1) Announcements: ~read CH3 pgs 79-end ~Lecture note volunteers: sign up ~ First set of lecture notes are due today. Will be posted shortly Neuroanatomy ~Giving directions inside your brain ~meninges and blood vessels ~The cerebrospinal fluid and the ventricles A Developmental view ~The Forebrain = Telecephalon + Diencephalon Telencephalon = 2 Hemispheres Hemisphere Cerebral Cortex Basal Ganglia Limbic system Brain Diversity ~Not everybody has same brain ~All brains are different (example cat vs mouse vs chimpanzee vs human brain) ~all have same shape Brain/ Body weight ~bigger you are the bigger your brain ~for our body size our brain is much bigger than other animals Giving Directions (look at figure 3.1 in text) ~symmetrical (2 sides that are the same) Brain Planes of Section (see figure 3.2 in text) Gray matter: cell bodies White matter: axons Nervous system : 2 parts 1) Central nervous system = brain (skull) and spinal cord (vertebral column/spine) 2) Peripheral nervous system= nerves a ...

CSU LA, BIOL 435

Excerpt: ... Brain Stem IV. Thalamic nuclei and their projections V. The Internal Capsule VII. Neurotransmitter-specific (diffuse) projections in the CNS VIII. Clinical/Research notes: Imaging studies of the CNS Anterograde/retrograde labeling Lesion analysis MRI PET 1/14 Vasculature of the CNS, and the CSF I. The arterial supply of the CNS A. Anterior (internal carotid) and posterior (vertebral-basilar) systems: An overview B. Blood supply of the spinal cord Systemic, posterior C. Blood supply of the brain stem Posterior only D. Blood supply of the Diencephalon and Cerebral Hemispheres Anterior and Posterior Know the individual branches reviewed in lecture, and their orientation on surface anatomy and cross-section What are anastomoses? Where are these located? II. Venous system of the cerebrum Dural sinuses III. Blood-brain barrier What distinguishes cerebral capillaries from those of the rest of the body? Why? IV. The Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 3 major functions Where is CSF produced, and how does it flow (be able to f ...

U. Memphis, PSYC 3306

Excerpt: ... lci) of the cerebral cortex achieve? 17. Where is cerebrospinal fluid manufactured? 18. What does white matter consists of? 19. Where in the brain are postural reflexes and regulation of physiological homeostasis (respiration and heart rate) located? 20. What structures comprise the limbic system? Neurophysiology and Synaptic Transmission (15 questions) 21. What are the five biochemical steps in synaptic transmission? 22. What initiates neurotransmitter release? 23. What ion channel is involved specifically with vesicle's fusing with the cell membrane? 24. What mechanisms terminate the activity of a transmitter in the synaptic cleft? 25. What is temporal and spatial summation? 26. What are the effects of a neurotransmitter upon a neuronal cell's membrane potential? 27. What is relative and absolute refractoriness? 28. What ion mechanism underlies the resting membrane potential across a neuronal cell? 29. What is the axon hillock? 30. What is the all-or-none law? 31. What ion channels underlie IPSP's? 32. What ...

SUNY Upstate, MS 1

Excerpt: ... Quiz 14 Take-Home Portion: On the Threshold January 31, 2007 Select from the following diagnoses the most appropriate choice for the given findings in items 1-6. A. B. C. D. E. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Bacterial meningitis Multiple sclerosis Tuberculosis meningitis Viral meningitis More than one of the above Nuchal rigidity and Brudzinski sign Cerebrospinal fluid : oligoclonal bands (few distinct clones of immunoglobulin) Cerebrospinal fluid : neutrophilic pleocytosis and CSF glucose/serum glucose ratio < 0.5 Cerebrospinal fluid : gram-negative diplococci Cerebrospinal fluid : lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated CSF protein level Cerebrospinal fluid : positive acid-fast bacilli 7. Granulomatous inflammation in an immunocompetent host is suggestive of all of the following EXCEPT: A. Foreign body reaction B. Immune (T-cell mediated) hypersensitivity reaction C. Sarcoidosis D. Staphylococcal abscess E. Tuberculosis 8. This patient had a possible Babinski sign on the: A. Right C. Both B. Left D. Neither 9. A motor defe ...

University of Florida , APK 2100C

Excerpt: ... APK 2100 Applied Human Anatomy Professor Tillman Exam Two Supplement Spring 2008 CORRECTION TO MAIN PACKET! On page 18 of the main packet, under the heading Cerebrospinal fluid , the term cerebrafroduct is supposed to be cerebral aqueduct. Please note the adjustment when studying, and apologies for the inconvenience. -Einsteins Notes February 29, 2008 Friday Special areas of the brain Language Both the frontal and the parietal lobes are involved in speech in different ways. Brocas area, located in the frontal lobe, sends the signal telling your muscles how to form the words you want to say to the pregyrus, which then sends the message to the muscles. Wernikes area is located in the parietal lobe. This area focuses on language comprehension. Basically, this region determines what it is that you want to say. Aphasia is a general word that means disorder. Wernikes aphasia leads to nonsense sentences because you are unable to comprehend and process what you want to say in words. Conn ...

Washington, PSYCH 202

Excerpt: ... 1 PSYCHOLOGY 202 Spring 2008 - Kim STUDY SHEET FOR MIDTERM I *Book chapters be able to recognize BOLD words/phrases and their general significance *Video(s) Psychoneural Identity Hypothesis (aka Monism) Dualism Layout of the Nervous System Sympathetic NS (aka thoraco-lumbar system) Parasympathetic NS (aka cranio-sacral system) Meninges Ventricles Cerebrospinal fluid Neurons - characteristic, components, types Glial cells Blood brain barrier Anatomical terminologies Spinal cord - divisions, features Myelencephalon Metencephalon Mesencephalon Diencephalon Telencephalon Locus ceruleus norepinephrine (NE) Raphe nucleus serotonin (5-HT) Substantia nigra dopamine (DA) Sulci(us), fissures & gyri(us) 4 lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital Primary regions: primary motor cortex primary somatosensory cortex primary visual cortex primary auditory cortex Differences between neurons and other somatic cells Major components of neuron Neuron doctrine Law of dynamic polarization Properties of membrane p ...

SUNY Buffalo, PGY 300

Excerpt: ... Lecture 1 Overview of Central Nervous System Chapter Nine Figure 9-4a Figure 9-4b (2 of 2) Figure 9-7 - Overview Figure 9-8 Figure 9-4b (1 of 2) Cerebrospinal Fluid Figure 9-5 - Overview Choroid Plexus Figure 9-5bc Blood Brain Barrier Figure 9-6 - Overview Figure 9-3d Figure 9-9ab (1 of 5) Sensory, Motor, and Association Areas of Cerebral Cortex Figure 9-15 Figure 9-23 - Overview Figure 9-16 Figure 9-11 Limbic System Figure 9-13 Figure 9-21 Figure 9-9ce (2 of 5) Figure 9-10 Table 9-2 Figure 9-9 (3 of 5) Table 9-1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: MRI http:/www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case2/mr2/016.html Positron Emission Tomography - PET Figure 9-17 Electroencephalography - EEG Figure 9-20 - Overview ...

N. Illinois, BIOS 446

Excerpt: ... BACK Spinal Cord and Meninges Structure of Spinal Nerves 2 3 4 5 6 7 Spinal Cord and Meninges Spinal Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Dura Mater Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater Subarachnoid Space 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Spinal Cord and Meninges Vasculature of the Spinal Cord Arteries of the Spinal Cord Veins of the Spinal Cord 19 20 21 22 23 ...

University of Texas, BIO 416K

Excerpt: ... fects mostly young adults. In this disease the body's immune system attacks myelin proteins and eventually destroys the myelin sheaths in the CNS. The myelin sheaths are reduced to nonfunctioning lesions called scleroses. Which of the following would likely result from destruction of the myelin sheaths in the CNS? a. decreased production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) b. a breakdown of the blood brain barrier c. decreased speed of action potential conduction in nerve axons d. decreased supply of glucose to neurons + e. decreased K levels in the CNS interstitial fluid 13. If a patient suffering from multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease, was under your medical care, which of the following hormones (at high doses) might you give to your patient to reduce the frequency and intensity of MS attacks? a. epinephrine b. growth hormone c. aldosterone d. testosterone e. cortisol 3 14. During the relative refractory period, a stronger-than-normal depolarizing, graded potential is needed to bring the cell membra ...