Documents about Cognitive Abilities
Gender_Differences_in_Cognitive_Ability
East Los Angeles College, LEVEL 0809
Excerpt: ... ation! Hormones & Cognitive Ability Evidence does appear to suggest that androgens (e.g. testosterone) do influence certain cognitive abilities , at least for certain spatial tasks. At the same time, it appears (high levels of) estrogens also have a negative impact on spatial tasks. However, the relationship is not straightforward, and certainly does not affect all aspects of cognition. It would appear further investigation needs to be undertaken before firm conclusions about the influence of hormones on cognitive ability can be drawn. Evolutionary explanations One explanation for the differences is evolutionary theory. Evolutionary theorists claim differences in cognitive ability between the sexes is due to our evolutionary history as hunter-gathers. During this time males & females adopted separate but complementary skills for survival. Divisions of labour Men were responsible for hunting and navigating unfamiliar terrain. Women were involved in child care and f ...
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Review Sheet Exam 4
Mt. SAC, PSYCH 1a
Excerpt: ... Review Sheet Psy 1a Exam 4 Please note: These are some of the topics that will be covered on the exam. There may be additional information not included here that will be on the exam. As always, I advise that you read the chapters thoroughly and study the class notes when preparing for the exam. Sex vs. gender Transexualism vs. homosexualism Gender differences in cognitive abilities , personality, and leadership style What constitutes sexual harassment? What constitutes rape? Types of rape? Most common type? Theories of personality (psychodynamic, humanistic, and behavioral/cognitive) At what age do kids become aware of being a girl or a boy? Freud's views of homosexuality HPV info (from lecture) How to resist sexual harassment and how to help prevent it What % of women file formal complaints about sexual harassment? Id vs. ego vs. superego Know your defense mechanisms! What does fixation mean? What are archetypes? What is the collective unconscious? Adler's terms (e.g., inferiority complex, compensation, e ...
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Article Presentation_Hattrup2002
CSU Sacramento, PSYC 260
Excerpt: ... 12/6/2007 A Comparison of Predictor-based & Criterionbased Methods for Weighing Predictors to Reduce Adverse Impact By Keith Hattrup and Joanna Rock Tests of cognitive ability Shown to have substantial and cross-situationally cross situationally c ...
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Cortina et al_ (2000)
Portland, QUANT 621
Excerpt: ... OUTLINE OF ARTICLES FOR COMPS Citation Cortina, J. M., Goldstein, N. B., Payne, S. C., Davison, H. K., & Gilliland, S. W. (2000). The incremental validity of interview scores over and above cognitive ability and conscientiousness scores. Personnel P ...
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class_in_class_toys
Minnesota, PSY 1001
Excerpt: ... In-class Exercise #7 Evaluating and Designing Infants' Toys (20 points total) To be completed by groups consisting of 4 people. Student 1: _ Student 2: _ Student 3: _ Student 4: _ Instructions: This exercise consists of two parts. In Part I, you will be asked to evaluate the features of a toy suitable for an infant. In Part II, you will be asked to design your own infant's toy. Part I: Consider the toy given to you. Keeping in mind what we talked about in lecture regarding infants' sensory abilities, cognitive abilities , and physical abilities, explain in as much detail as you can which features of your toy correspond with which of those abilities. For instance, if you notice that the toy is soft, explain why you think the toy designers made it that way. You will have more features under the "Sensory Abilities" category. Category 1: Sensory Abilities: List the features of the toy that fall under Sen ...
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Ch4
Mt. San Jacinto College, PSYC 104
Excerpt: ... Psychology of Gender Chapter 4 Intelligence & Cognitive Abilities Cognitive Abilities History of Intelligence Testing & Gender Issues Binet-Simon first intelligence test (France) Stanford-Binet first intelligence test in the US; adapted from Binet-Simon by Terman Prevailing view in 19th & 20th centuries: Women were intellectually inferior to men Terman did not support view; found no significant differences between men and women (after eliminating items on which women scored higher) View in the 21st century: Women still viewed as having inferior intelligence (based on ratings by parents of their children, and college students' ratings of themselves and their parents) Cognitive Abilities History of Intelligence Testing & Gender Issues Wechsler verbal & performance subtests WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WISC Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Differences found: Males outperform females on performance subtests Females outperform males on verbal subtests Tests measure PERFORMANCE, ...
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IntrotoOrganizationalLeadershipLectureNotes
Rutgers, ORGANIZATI 713 202
Excerpt: ... Intro to Organizational Leadership Lecture Notes Chapter 1Introduction 1/24/2008 3:18:00 PM Leadership Described Trait versus Process Inate quality or a process? Assigned versus Emergence PowerHow to use power in leadership Managementdifferent then ...
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final xam psycc
Texas A&M, PSYC 107
Excerpt: ... This is the study guide for the final exam (exam 4). This outline should help organize your study time, but is not meant to cover all of the material for the exam. Remember that any material from the lecture or text is fair game for the exam. Good luck! I. Motivation and Reinforcement What initiates behaviors What determines strength of behaviors What determines persistence of behaviors II. Hunger Biological, Social, and Cultural influences How do these influences change motivation? III. Arousal and Achievement, Aggression Biological, Social, Cultural Influences IV. Sex and Gender Physical development and definitions Sexual responding Brain areas involved in sexual responding Sexual orientation Biological, cultural, social aspects V. Psychological differences between sexes Cognitive abilities , etc VI. Cultural influences on sexuality and sexual behavior Victorian England Alfred Kinsey/Masters and Johnson VII. Emotion Theories of emotion/expression V. Assessing Personality Types of tests What do they tell y ...
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Week4reading
Cornell, BIO 221
Excerpt: ... Week4ReadingInstructions AnimalCognition Pleasereadthefollowingarticlefornextweeksdiscussionsection: Plotnik,J.M.,deWaal,F.B.M&Reiss,D.2006.SelfrecognitioninanAsianelephant. PNAS,103,153155. Also,itmayhelpyoutoreviewtheassignedreadingfromtheco ...
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15Pres
University of Texas, BIO 346
Excerpt: ... Human Behavioral Genetics Behavioral genetics and the media Method used in behavioral genetics Violence Cognitive abilities Homosexuality Novelty seeking Genetic analysis of other human behaviors Appendix: Behavioral genetics and free will Relationship between genes and phenotypic traits Gene a, affecting more than one trait, is pleiotropic. Trait 2, being affected by more than one gene, is polygenic. Human Behavioral Genetics Behavioral genetics and the media Method used in behavioral genetics Violence Cognitive abilities Homosexuality Novelty seeking Genetic analysis of other human behaviors Appendix: Behavioral genetics and free will Human Behavioral Genetics Behavioral genetics and the media Methods used in behavioral genetics Violence Cognitive abilities Homosexuality Novelty seeking Genetic analysis of other human behaviors Appendix: Behavioral genetics and free will Human Behavioral Genetics Behavior ...
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s07_intelligence - NEW
Minnesota, PSY 1001
Excerpt: ... and the WAIS-III and WISC-IV tests? Briefly describe these. 6. What is the Ravens Progressive matrices test and why was it created? 7. What is Spearman's "g"? Why did he believe g was the underlying factor in intelligence (i.e. what's the research evidence?) 8. What is crystallized intelligence? Fluid intelligence? 9. Briefly describe the Sternberg and Gardner models of intelligence. Note: these have generally not been well-evaluated in the scientific literature. 10. The "three stratum theory of cognitive abilities " is the most widely accepted model of intelligence at present. What are the three levels? 11. What is Dr. Bouchard's four-factor model of intelligence? How does it differ or build on the three-factor model? 12. What is factor analysis? TOPIC 3: EVALUATION OF INTELLIGENCE TESTS *THIS IS REVIEW FROM THE MEASUREMENT LECTURES AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES , BUT IT RELATES TO INTELLIGENCE TESTING* 13. What is the normal distribution? For IQ tests, what is the mean for the population? What percentage of the ...
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selfandvalues
Western Kentucky University, PSY 321
Excerpt: ... Chapter 12: Self and Values Chapter 12: Self and Value I. The concept of self: the objective self ("me") and the subjective self ("I") Chapter 12: Self and Value I. The concept of self: the objective self ("me") and the subjective self ("I") A. Sel ...
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Notes 10-31
University of Alabama in Huntsville, PSYCHOLOGY 315
Excerpt: ... Notes 10-31-07 Sociocultural Theory Studied cognition rather than observable Studied cultural impact Child is not independent from surroundings Cognitive development emerges via innate abilities in nature and social experiences in nurture Assumptions Born with basic cognitive and perceptual abilities Interactions of infants are purposeful and adaptive Individuals are products of and servants to their society Sought to explain how cognition develops That people of all cultures have similar basic abilities Culture determines your higher cognitive abilities - language and thought Higher thought processes are a product of a culture or nurture This theory could lead to some cultures to being more superior to other cultures Speech and Thought Focuses on how speech regulation -directs our behavior Thought exists through language Speech is thought Develop through stages -Social speech-social contact always external and global -ego centric speech-a tool providing a solution to help yourself understanding -Inner spe ...
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Development and then Some
Indiana State, PSY 101
Excerpt: ... s come to fear strangers Age 2 to age 7 Kids = egocentric jerks; heightened understanding and representation (development of symbolic thought) but lack logical reasoning (centration and irreversibility); kids especially prone to errors (Piaget's Conservation Task) Preoperational Concrete Operational Age 7 to Age 11 Develop logical reasoning about concrete events; mastery of conservation; hierarchical classification Formal Operational Age 11 through adulthood Continual development of complex abstract and hypothetical thinking (i.e. introduction of abstract thought); capacity for logical, systematic thinking Answer: Both. Specifically, various studies have supported and refuted aspects of the model For: Prayer studies Sequence Stage "mixing" Underestimation of children' cognitive abilities Timetable Against: Kohlberg: Stage theory of moral development Reasoning not Behavior Subjects presented with moral dilemmas each stage represe ...
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Psych360assignment
St. Francis IL, PSYCH 360
Excerpt: ... Of the many spatial abilities, men show an advantage in some and women in others. Men in the states produce reliably better scores then women in spatial perception but training and experience decrease this difference. This is from the lecture: 0. 1. 2. 3. 3 things to keep in mind when considering literature on cognitive abilities : the kind of test used age effects change over time. Gender differences in cognitive abilities Maccoby & Jacklin (1974). What did they find in terms of gender differences in cognitive abilities ? Maccoby & Jacklins findings: Girls greater verbal abilities than boys boys had better spatial abilities boys had better math abilities boys were more aggressive Verbal abilities Research on verbal abilities : inconsistent findings Hyde & Linn (1988): meta-analysis Learning disabilities: Shaywitz et al. (1990) Based on school categories, ratio of boys to girls in reading clinics range from 6:1 to 4:1 8. Shaywitz assessed reading disability differently. Results? 4. 5. 6. 7. Math abilities 9 ...
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MQ06
Minnesota, PSY 5137
Excerpt: ... Name: 1 MIDQUARTER EXAMINATION PSYCHOLOGY 5-137 Spring, 2006 Instructions: Please answer each question in the space provided; if you need more space, use the back of the sheet on which the question is written. Before you begin, please print your na ...
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Read2
University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, LIS 370
Excerpt: ... Read one of the following papers and report the requested information for that paper. Use as many words as you think are required but please, keep answers as brief as possible. Meadow, Charles T., Wang, Jiabin, and Yuan, Weijing. 1995. "A Study of u ...
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Lecture19
Berkeley, LECTURE 271
Excerpt: ... Goals: Testing for design or testing for testing's sake Methods: QParticipants QProcedure: how to gather data QMeasures: time, satisfaction, severity etc. Usability Testing Analysis: stats to use, how to get at usability from data Report To influence design of current product To help understand the user for design improvement and future design Qhabits Qlikes / dislikes Qrelated cognitive abilities Qmotivations Qsocial factors Goals For marketing reasons To calculate ROI (return on investment) To generate norms for future use Technology is a moving target, focus on the user. Whenever you are given the choice between focusing on the user or on the artifact, focus on the user Questionnaire integrated into Excel EventLogger for gathering timing data, with qualitative comments Tools Continue with lecture 18 on ANOVA ...
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Cognitive Decline
East Los Angeles College, LEVEL 0809
Excerpt: ... Stereotypes of old age and cognitive abilities Ramble on and on Intelligence decreases Memory becomes weaker Tend to live in the past Grouchy, withdrawn and self-pitying What is cognition the term applied to those processes or functions that contribute to intelligence and consciousness (Cohen 2001) Cognitive abilities Memory Attention Logical reasoning Language skills Problem solving Spatial orientation Numerical ability Speed of processing Intelligence Hard to define (a theoretical construct) Factor analysis used to produce a number of intelligences Spearmans general intelligence Thurstones primary mental abilities Crystallised Intelligence Like knowledge Results from education, experience and acculturation Measured with tests of verbal comprehension, vocabulary and numerical skill Fluid Intelligence Ability to adjust ones thinking to unfamiliar situations Measured through performance ...
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PersonSelection
UNLV, MGT 367
Excerpt: ... Cognitive abilities , verbal comprehension, numerical reasoning, verbal fluency, mechanical/clerical abilities, physical/psychomotor abilities Formal Informal Bennett Mechanical Comprehension Test (BMCT) Minnesota Clerical Test (MCT) Personality An individual's consistent pattern of behavior composed of psychological traits Personality Testing Ability & motivation Informal v. formal assessment Projective Selfreport inventories Rorschach Inkblot Graphology Miner Sentence Completion Scale (MSCS) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) The "Big Five" Personality Factors Extroversion/introversion Emotional stability/neuroticism Agreeableness/disagreeableness Conscientiousness/lack of conscientiousness Openness/closure to experience Personality Testing: Problems Erroneous results Poorly designed research Behavior is situational Widely used Legal precedent Validity studies Saroka v. Dayton Hudson PreEmployment Screenin ...
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02_Lect_2_Literacy
Cornell, COMM 1300
Excerpt: ... Aspects of Visual Literacy Aspects of Visual Literacy Working hypotheses: A hypothesis is a proposal suggesting a possible relationship between two phenomena. Lect 1 Aspects of Visual Literacy Working hypotheses: 1. Visual literacy is a prerequisite for the comprehension of visual media Lect 1 Aspects of Visual Literacy Visuals often differ considerably from real world. Do we learn to comprehend visuals? Lect 1 Aspects of Visual Literacy Do we learn to comprehend visuals? Lect 1 Aspects of Visual Literacy Highly abstract representations can be recognized as representing some reality. Do we learn to comprehend visuals? Lect 1 Aspects of Visual Literacy Working hypotheses: 1. Visual literacy is a prerequisite for the comprehension of visual media 2. Experience with visual media leads to enhancement of cognitive abilities . Lect 1 Aspects of Visual Literacy Do cognitive skills used in interpretation of film & TV (for example) improve cognitive abilities in other areas? Lec ...
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studyhints
UCSD, COGS 107
Excerpt: ... STUDY HINTS FOR COGS 107A Research has shown that you remember things better if you review them often. Thus, its far better to study the course materials EVERY day for a shorter period than it is to save it up and (try to) do it all at once. Remember ...
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lecture7
Berkeley, IS 247
Excerpt: ... SIMS 247: Information Visualization and Presentation Marti Hearst March 3, 2004 1 Today Discuss EDA assignment Infoviz Evaluations Role of Cognitive Abilities Studies of 3D Comparison of Viz in Information Retrieval 2 The Role of Cognitive Abilities Leitheiser & Munro 95 Summarizes the results of earlier psychological research on spatial aptitiude Also summarizes work on effects of spatial aptitude and UI use Presents a study comparing a GUI with a command line interface, taking spatial abilities into account 3 The Role of Cognitive Abilities Leitheiser & Munro 95 Hypotheses: Users with high spatial ability would benefit more from the GUI than those with low spatial ability (H1) Users with high verbal ability would perform better on command line interfaces (H2) Tasks: Obtain system time, list files, look up a file update time, open a subdirectory, move a file, copy a file, etc Between subjects GUI (Mac) vs. Command line (DOS) ...
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