UMass (Amherst), LING 201

Excerpt: ... Contemporary Linguistics : An Introduction. (3rd ed.) William O'Grady, Michael Dobrovolsky, and Mark Aronoff (eds.) Bedford, St. Martins ...

Wisconsin, LING 301

Excerpt: ... Contemporary Linguistics : An Introduction, 5th edition, Chapter 3: Representations, 1 Representations In recent years, the formalization of rules has become more graphic. This change has taken place because certain types of processes, especially processes of assimilation (where one segment becomes similar in one or more features to a neighboring segment), have been viewed as the spreading of features from one segment (represented as a [feature hierarchy]) to another one. It has also been claimed that a simple set of principles governs the way in which features spread. These graphic presentations of feature changes are referred to as representations. The features themselves are referred to as autosegments-the label suggests that each feature has a certain autonomy in its operation. Assimilation and the feature hierarchy Assimilation processes are particularly amenable to autosegmental representation using the feature hierarchy. This is the case because the overlapping production typical of coarticulation ( ...

Wisconsin, LING 301

Excerpt: ... Contemporary Linguistics : An Introduction, 5th edition, Chapter 3: Problematic distributions, 1 Problematic distributions We have seen that a minimal pair test is a quick and direct way of establishing that two sounds belong to separate phonemes in a language. If the sounds contrast, they are members of different phonemes. We have also seen that if certain sounds are noncontrastive and in complementary distribution, they may be considered allophones of a single phoneme. In some cases, however, we must go beyond these procedures to discover the phonemic inventory of a language. As noted in Section 1.1 in the textbook, certain patterns of distribution prevent some sounds in a language from ever contrasting with each other. In cases like these, we can establish the phonemic status of a sound by default. If the sound cannot be grouped together with any other phonetically similar sounds as an allophone of a phoneme, we may assume that it has phonemic status itself. The following data from English help to illust ...

UConn, FILES 201

Excerpt: ... LINGUISTICS 104-201B: INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS CONFERENCE 3 FEBRUARY 1 Questions 6, 7, 10 at the end of Chapter 3 of textbook (Contemporary Linguistic Analysis: An Introduction). Answers are posted. An extra Practice Problem is also posted on the ...

UConn, FILES 201

Excerpt: ... LINGUISTICS 104-201B: INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS CONFERENCE 4 FEBRUARY 8 Questions 11, 16 at the end of Chapter 3 of textbook (Contemporary Linguistic Analysis: An Introduction). Answers are posted. An extra Practice Problem is also posted on the co ...

UCSB, PSYCH 117

Excerpt: ... History of Memory Research Lecture 1 History of Memory Research Powerfully influenced by prevailing zeitgeist of the times Zeitgeist - Time Spirit The ideas prevalent in a period and place What are some examples of Zeitgeists in Psycholog ...

University of Texas, LIN 306

Excerpt: ... Poverty of the stimulus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ten things you didn't know about Wikipedia The poverty of the stimulus (POTS) argument is a variant of the epistemological problem of the indeterminacy of data to theory that claims tha ...

UPenn, P 06

Excerpt: ... yntactical levels, conceptual representation at the script level has been unfortunately both undervalued and under-represented in computational linguistics. Therefore, the Hanzidriven conceptual approach in this thesis might require that we consider the Chinese writing system from a perspective that is not normally found in canonical treatments of writing systems in contemporary linguistics . Against the deep-seated tradition in contemporary Chinese linguistics, which views the use of Chinese characters in scientific theories as a manifestation of mathematical immaturity and interpretational subjectivity, we propose the first lexical knowledge resource based on Chinese characters in the field of linguistic as well as in the NLP. It is noted that HanziNet, as a general knowledge resource, should not claim to be a sufficient knowledge resource in and of itself, but instead seek to provide a groundwork for the incremental integration of other knowledge resources for language processing tasks. In order to augment ...

Wisconsin, LING 301

Excerpt: ... Contemporary Linguistics : An Introduction, 5th edition, Chapter 4: Case, 1 Case Many linguistic phenomena reflect the interaction of the morphological and syntactic components of the grammar. An important example of this interaction involves case, which indicates an NP's grammatical role in the sentence (see Chapter 4, Section 4). The sole case marker used with nouns in Modern English is -'s, which marks an NP that occupies the specifier position within a larger NP, as depicted in Figure 1. (We extend our system of phrase structure by allowing an NP to serve as specifier of an N.) However, a richer system of contrasts is found in English pronouns, whose forms reflect a three-way case distinction (see Table 1). One way to account for these contrasts is to have heads of particular types assign case features to NPs in their specifier or complement positions. Contemporary Linguistics : An Introduction, 5th edition, Chapter 4: Case, 2 1) The Case Rules for English NPs: a. I assigns a nominative c ...

UNC, LING 101

Excerpt: ... Contemporary Linguistics : An Introduction, 5th edition, Chapter 7: Exercises, 1 Exercise on spelling pronunciation Before doing this exercise, you should have read the section on spelling pronunciation. 1. Place names are often subject to spelling pronunciation. Transcribe your pronunciation of the following words and then compare your pronunciation with that recommended by a good dictionary. Do you think any of your pronunciations qualify as spelling pronunciations? a) b) c) d) e) Worcestershire Thames Edinburgh (Scotland; compare Edinburgh, Texas) Cannes (France) Newfoundland Contemporary Linguistics : An Introduction, 5th edition, Chapter 7: Exercises, 2 Exercise on semantic change Before doing this exercise, you should have read the section on semantic change. 1. All of the following English words at one time had meanings that are quite different from their current ones. Identify each of these semantic changes as an instance of narrowing, broadening, amelioration, pejoration, weakening, or shift. a) b) ...

Virginia Tech, ETD 10172003

Excerpt: ... CHAPTER TWO DESIGN METHODS AND PROCESS This chapter reviews the basic concepts of design problems, methods, and processes. It presents the pertinent research studies on site analysis and discusses its position in the design process. The chapter also ...

ECCD, LING 100

Excerpt: ... LING 100 Homework #2: Beginning Phonology due Monday, September 22nd Fall 2008 All problems are from OGrady et al. Contemporary Linguistics : An Introduction, 5th edition. Page numbers from the 4th edition are given in square brackets as [4e: p.xx]. Problem 1: English stress. Do problem 12 on p.54 of Ch.2. [4e: p.60] Problem 2: Hindi murmured stops. Do problem 2 on p.102 of Ch.3. [4e: p.121] Problem 3: Mokilese voiceless vowels. Do part (i) of problem 3 on p.102 of Ch.3. [4e: p.121122] Problem 4: Swampy Cree stops and affricates. Do parts (i)(iii) of problem 5 on p. 103 of Ch.3. [4e: p.122123] For parts (i) and (ii), if you think the sounds are allophones, state the conditioning factors in words onlyyou can just ignore the part that says and then, using features, write a rule that accounts for their distrbution, because we havent learned about features and rules yet! ...