Documents about Intertropical Convergence Zone
ES105_study_guide_2
BU, ES 105
Excerpt: ... sport Upwelling; coastal and equatorial, relationship to nutrients, productivity Surface ocean circulation: wind-driven gyres, gulf stream Deep ocean circulation: thermohaline, density driven (temp and salinity) Deep water production, relationship to climate Atmosphere composition: nitrogen, oxygen, argon, trace gases (CO2, methane) Troposphere, stratosphere Greenhouse effect; importance for life on Earth Albedo Cause of atmospheric circulation: uneven distribution of solar energy with latitude Pattern of atmospheric circulation; Hadley cells, Intertropical convergence zone Atmospheric pollution: acid rain, smog, ozone depletion (CFC's), global warming; global dimming Rock and mineral resources: ore deposits, tailings Geologic concentration of metals: igneous, hydrothermal (incl. Black smokers), sedimentary (placers, BIF's), weathering(bauxite) Resources and reserves (definitions) Fossil fuels as stored solar energy Formation of petroleum (oil and gas); plankton, burial, "oil window" Migration and trappin ...
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Outline2April
UC Davis, BIS 2A
Excerpt: ... BIS 2B Introduction to Biology J. Stachowicz 2 April 08 Introduction to Biodiversity: Large scale patterns, climate and geological history Required reading: Chapter 52.2, 52.3 (skim), 52.4, 52.5 Additional resources (if you are interested in reading more on the topics in this lecture): Schoenherr, A.A. 1995. A Natural History of California. University of California Press. 772pp. See especially Chapters 1 and 4. Lecture Outline I. What is climate and why does it matter? a. Patterns of temperature and precipitation b. Effect of climate on vegetation types II. Causes of global climate a. Incident solar radiation i. Convection and the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) ii. Seasonality in solar radiation and the position of the ITCZ b. Air circulation paterns i. Hadley Cells, Horse Latitudes and Deserts ii. Ferrell Cells and temperate climates iii. Global patterns of precipitation c. Global patterns of vegetation (biomes) III. Causes of local climate a. Maritime effect and coastal fog b. Rainshadows and o ...
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hw5
Washington, ATMOS 101
Excerpt: ... NAME: _ Atmospheric Sciences 101, Summer 2003 Homework #5 Accepted through end of lecture Thursday, 7 August 2003 *No assignments may be turned in after that time* 1. Jet streams a. During which season is the polar jet stream weakest? Explain your answer. b. Why do the jet streams (not to mention the Hadley cells and the Intertropical Convergence Zone ) move north and south during the course of each year? 2. Ocean circulations a. Explain why the surface waters just off the coast of California are so cold. (Hint: Begin the description with the large-scale surface pressure pattern and the resulting surface winds.) b. What is the cause of most of the surface currents of the ocean? 3. Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) a. What at the surface near the Equator causes the ITCZ? b. Why is heavy precipitation typical at the ITCZ? 4. Hot Seattle summer weather Seattle almost never experiences extended heat waves (i.e., several consecutive days w ...
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midterm review
Oregon State, GEO 105
Excerpt: ... at are the consequences?) How can remote sensing and GIS technologies be used to address environmental problems such as these? Why has the Aral Sea shrunk and what are the consequences? Terms: Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Sardar Sarovar Dam, Chipko movement Population and Settlement How have family planning policies in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh differed? What are the major crop zones in South Asia (where are wheat, rice and millet grown?)? What is the Green Revolution? What are some successes and problems related to it? Why is Islamabad an example of a forward capital? In Central Asia, which country has the largest population? Where is population clustered in Central Asia? Why? Terms: Total fertility rate (TFR), Samarkand, infant mortality rate (IMR) Cultural Coherence and Diversity Where is South Asia's earliest evidence of urbanism? Map page 527. Indus valley civilization 3000-1800 BCE but died out. Then, ganges valley cultural core after 800 BCE Describe the areas of origin and curren ...
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final_studyguide
Washington, ATMOS 101
Excerpt: ... ATMS Weather 101 Final Exam Study Guide Final Wed. 3/18/09, 8:30 a.m. Bring a SCANTRON, #2 pencil, and blue and red pencils (pens)! Before taking the exam, you should 1. Review all old homework & midterm solutions (there may be similar questions) 2. Review previous study guides 3. Review this study guide Lake Effect Snow -Know the mechanisms involved in its development -Where in relation to a lake & wind direction does it occur? Different types of precipitation associated with a warm front Sea-breeze / Land-breeze circulation Given a pressure map (isobars), determine: -Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) -Coriolis Force -Friction force -Wind direction & speed (vector length) 3-cell Model of General Circulation (pg 74 workbook) -Locate the following on a globe: Hadley cell, Ferrell cell, Polar cell, trade winds, jet stream, annual average pattern of Highs and Lows, midlatitude cyclones, Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) -Explain the location of deserts and rainforests Large scale pattern of Highs and Lows and ef ...
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GEOG 100 - Study Guide Exam 2 - F07
Kansas State, GEOG 100
Excerpt: ... ent and population concentration on the periphery of the land mass o Major Geographic qualities (p. 169) o Prevailing winds o Rainshadow o Atacama Desert o Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) o El Nino o Inca Altipanos Machu Picchu o Three largest Cities in the realm o Cocaine in Colombia What are the common uses of coca by natives? Where does the majority of cocaine go? How does the U.S. help with the war on drugs? o Chile and Easter Island DVD study guide (expect several questions from this) -MAP IDENTIFICATION- North America / U.S. o Native American homelands (Fig 3-3): Cherokee, Potawatomi, Miami, Shawnee, Seminole, Osage, Arapaho, Sioux, Cheyenne, Ute, Navajo, Apache, Hopi o Mountains: Cascade Mountains, Sierra Nevada, Rocky Mountains, Appalachian Mountains o Fall Line Cities, Continental Divide o Rivers: Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Columbia, St. Lawrence o Cities of the U.S. Manufacturing Core: Pittsburgh, PA; Baltimore, MD; Buffalo, NY; Cleveland, OH; Toledo, OH; Detroit, MI; ...
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sgw4
CSU Fullerton, GEOGRAPHY 110
Excerpt: ... Engstrom Study Guide Atmospheric Pressure and Wind Chapters Covered: Chapter 5 Terms: (You should be able to define all of these terms after reading the textbook and participating in the lecture.) Adiabatic Warming (Ch4) Adiabatic Cooling (Ch4) Atmospheric Pressure Average Sea Level Pressure Barometer Millibar Isobars Wind (direction and velocity) Anemometer Pressure Gradient Force Coriolis Effect Friction 500 Millibar Level Geostrophic Winds Surface Winds Cyclone (Low Pressure Cell) Anticyclone (High Pressure Cell) Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Equatorial Low Pressure Cell Horse Latitudes Doldrums Subtropical High Pressure Cell Azores and Hawaiian High Pressure Cells Trade Winds Westerlies Subpolar Low Pressure Cell Icelandic and Aleutian Low Pressure Cells Polar High Pressure Cell Polar Easterlies Jet Stream Sea /Land Breeze Valley / Mountain Breeze Monsoons Santa Ana Winds El Nio/ La Nia Things to Consider: Intro to Wind: 1. How is wind measured? How is its direction determined? 2. Why d ...
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BIOEE_2610_Study_Guide___Prelim_1
Cornell, BIOEE 2610
Excerpt: ... production in a particular environment? 4. Why do some species end up going extinct rather than adapting? 5. (a) Describe or graph the general patterns of precipitation and plant height across latitudes. (b) Diagram the vertical atmospheric circulation patterns that produce the associated climate patterns. (c) Why is air rising at the intertropical convergence zone (ICZ)? (d) Why is there so much rain in the IZC? (e) How and why does the position of the ICZ change throughout the year? 6. (a) How do mountains and wind direction affect climate and vegetation patterns on the windward and leeward sides of the mountain? (b) Name and describe the process of temperature changes that occurs as air moves up and down the mountainsides. 7. (a) What drives ocean currents? (b) There are two major gyres in the Pacific Ocean, one in the north and one in the south. Which directions do these gyres move in? Why are they different? 8. (a) What are the names, climate patterns, and plant characteristics of each of the 9 ma ...
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final exam review
Oregon State, GEO 105
Excerpt: ... Geography of the Non-Western World (Geosciences 105) L.C. Becker Oregon State University Final Examination Review Since the mid-term examination, we have studied the regional geography of East Asia and Southeast Asia. The examination on this sectio ...
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Exam 2 review
Michigan State University, ISP 203A
Excerpt: ... on Single-cell model: assumes 1. Earth's surface is uniformly covered with water, 2. sun is always directly over the equator, 3. earth does not rotate. Hot air rising results in Hadley cell, driven by energy from sun, excessive heating of equatorial area produces low pressure, excessive cooling of polar areas produces high pressure Pressure gradient results in air circulation in forms of closed loop with rising air near equator, sinking over poles, transfers sensible and latent heat towards poles Three-cell model: 1. earth's surface is uniformly covered with water, 2. sun is always directly over the equator, 3. earth rotates The spin of the earth breaks down single cell to three cells, results in diminished Hadley cell near equator, Ferrel cell in mid latitudes and polar cell near poles. Intertropical convergence zone (doldrums) tropopause acts as a barrier causing air to move laterally towards poles. Coriolis force deflects poleward flow to right in North hemisphere, left in south hemisphere, hence wes ...
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Quiz3E_key
UCSC, BIO 20
Excerpt: ... Name: _ TA: Kristin McCully Bio 20C Discussion Section E Quiz: Lectures 3 - 7 1. (2 points) What is the difference between conformation and homeostasis? 2. Knowledge of global processes creating climatic patterns can be used to predict local: a. Soil type b. Vegetation type c. Plant biomass d. Plant diversity e. All of the above 3. During the mating season, birds often alter their behavior in ways that make them more visible to predators. This behavioral change usually involves: a. Risk costs b. Opportunity costs c. Energetic costs d. Reproductive costs e. None of the above 4. (2 points) Draw a globe with the equator indicated on the back of the page. Then draw and label the following: Hadley cell Ferrel cell Northeast tradewinds westerlies Intertropical convergence zone Bonus: Which of the following can be barriers to dispersal for marine organisms? a. Changes in water temperature b. Changes in salinity c. Changes in food supplies d. All of the above e. None of the above Name: _KEY_ ...
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Lecture15
UCSD, SIO 15
Excerpt: ... SIO15 Lecture 15: Winds and Weather Leftovers from Lecture 14 Review: Pressure and Density as Function of Altitude both decrease exponentially with altitude pressure at sea level highest: 1atm, 14.7PSI, 1035mbar 50% of air molucules below 5.6km 90% b ...
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3. Flows
Clark University, GEOG 180
Excerpt: ... Prof. Turner The Earth Transformed 9.6.07 I) Biosphere a Coined by Edward Suess b Boundaries defined by V. Vernadsky c The portion of earth and atmosphere that sustains life; a thin envelope for life, composed of the near subsurface, surface and lowe ...
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MARS 1010 El Niño and its Impacts
UGA, MARS 1010L
Excerpt: ... MARS 1010: El Nio and its Impacts 9/17/2007 11:14:00 AM NOTE: Study from the objective sheets! Start NOW writing the answers out! El Nio: refers to a period of anomalous climatic conditions centered in the tropical Pacific Ocean, characterized by: ...
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MARS 1010 Lecture 3
UGA, MARS 1010L
Excerpt: ... d south (sub-polar). Warmer air at the equator can hold more moisture and water near the ground is most easily taken up by the air through the process of evaporation. The cooler air can hold less moisture and water then falls to the ground as precipitation. The majority of the rain happens at low pressure areas where warm air is rising. The seasons cause the center of the rising air to occur at the meteorological equator as opposed to the physical one. It shifts primarily to the northern hemisphere because that is where the majority of the continents are, although in February, this process is still apparent in the southern hemisphere. The meteorological equator is known as the ITCZ or the " intertropical convergence zone ." Winds blow from high to low pressure. o That means that wind from both sides comes together at a central point known as the ITCZ. o The changing ITCZ line results in the Monsoon season in Asia. Why doesn't wind blow strait? The Coriolis Effect: The wind does in fact blow strait but the e ...
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05Climate2F06A
Allegheny, BIO 220
Excerpt: ... e as dry rate of adiabatic cooling -> 10 CO / 1000 m Temp 38O C when reaching the bottom, dew point unchanged (3O C) -> by crossing mountains, air becomes hotter and dryer 6. Draw arrows to indicate the major global wind directions on the graphic below: M ajor Ai r Cur r ents on the Gr ound: wi thout the Cor i ol i s Effect: 60 ON 30 ON 0O 30 OS 60 OS wi th the Cor i ol i s Effect: 60 ON 30 ON 0O 30 OS 60 OS 7. Use the Link below to obtain a current collection of satellite images: http:/www.weather.com/maps/maptype/satelliteworld/africasatellite_large_animated.html a. Which continent is shown here? Africa b. Look at one of the maps of the world in your textbook (e.g. Fig. 56.12) to get an approximate idea about where in the image the equator should be located. i. Where in this image is the Intertropical Convergence Zone ? in mid-September, should be just north of equator ii. What does it look like and why? should look like a band of clouds moving to the west (east prevailing winds) iii. Is it at the equa ...
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ATMS 111 Jan 21
Washington, ATMOS 111
Excerpt: ... s and droughts: two sides of a catastrophic coin Wet regions become wetter while ITCZ dry regions become drier M SPCZ M ITCZ M SACZ July M SPCZ ITCZ M ITCZ M M denotes monsoon; ITCZ the intertropical convergence zone ; SPCZ the South Pacific convergence zone. The monsoons reverse with the seasons whereas the convergence zones are year-round features. Idealized schematic showing the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the Indian summer monsoon. Climate models suggest that these features become stronger as the earth warms. January Low level winds carry water vapor from dry zones into rain belts. As the atmosphere warms, water vapor concentrations increase, and the water vapor transport by the low level winds increases. July The rain belts get more intense while the dry zones become even drier. How will global warming affect rainfall? Wet regions become wetter while dry regions become drier Many of the world's poorest people lie along the edges of the dry zones How will global warming a ...
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08
Purdue, EAS 104
Excerpt: ... y: 1) uneven solar heating 2) coriolis effect Hadley cells- tropical cells on each side of equator cells Ferrel cells- mid-latitudes cells- mid Polar cells- near the poles cellsWind patterns found between and within cells? Doldrums- calm equatorial areas where Hadley cells converge DoldrumsHorse latitudes- areas between Hadley and Ferrel cells latitudesTrade winds- surface winds of Hadley cells windsWesterlies- surface winds of Ferrel cells Westerlies- Atmospheric circulation cellcell- In general. In reality. 2 Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) ascent of warm, moist air from the latitudes above and below the equator drawn into the ITCZ by the action of the Hadly cell; regions in the ITCZ receive precipitation > 200 days /year. satellite image of thunderstorms over ITCZ Seasonal changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The zone reaches its most northerly location in July and its most southerly location in January. Because of the thermostatic ...
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BIS2B_Exam1_StudyQuestions
UC Davis, BIS 2B
Excerpt: ... we answered this one at the beginning of lecture #3] 4. The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is _. (define). In July the ITCZ is located: (a) north of the equator (b) south of the equator (c) right on the equator (d) at 10 S latitude Study Questions, 1st Midterm BIS 2B Spring 2008 Page 2 5. Why does the vegetation on the west slope of the Sierra look very different from the vegetation at the same elevation on the east slope? Be sure to explain what drives the climate differences between the east and west slopes. 6. Contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs in terms of how they acquire energy and nutrients. 7. Explain how we can use satellites to estimate the density of algae in the ocean or plants on land and why this method is effective. 8. Describe two ways in which you could estimate the rate of photosynthesis in a particular plant. 9. Contrast how aquatic vs. terrestrial plants obtain nutrients such as nitrogen. 10. Explain the concept of a trade-off and give an example of a ...
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Lecture2
Georgia Tech, EAS 8803
Excerpt: ... Lecture 2 The roles of atmospheric radiation in the Earths climate system Objectives: 1. Radiation and climate. 2. Other important roles of radiation. Required reading: Keith, D.W., Energetics, In: Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, Oxford Univ. P ...
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