Documents about Laminar Flow
lecture01
East Los Angeles College, CE 216
Excerpt: ... CE216 Hydraulics: Flow in pipelines Lecture 1: Laminar flow ; Darcy friction factor 1. Pressure gradient and shear stress in laminar flow 2. The Poiseuille equation 3. The Darcy friction factor ...
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537-06_outline
Clarkson, ME 2
Excerpt: ... ME 537 FLUID MECHANICS OF AEROSOLS FALL 2008 INSTRUCTOR: TEXT: G. Ahmadi, Room 102 CAMP (268-2322) Office Hours: TT 1:00 - 3:15 p.m. None. Lectures notes are available on the web. COURSE WEB SITE: http:/www.clarkson.edu/projects/crcd/ Course Objectives 1. To provide a fundamental understanding of aerosol transport and removal in laminar flow s. 2. To provide a fundamental understanding of particles adhesion and removal from surfaces 3. To familiarize the students with the computational modeling of particle resuspension in laminar flow s. 4. To familiarize the students with the industrial applications of aerosols. Course Learning Outcomes Objective 1: Students will be able to formulate and solve aerosol transport and deposition in laminar flow s. Objective 2: Students will be able to analyze particle adhesion and removal of micro- and nano-particles. Objective 3: Students will become familiar with computational fluid mechanics and particle trajectory analysis procedures. Students will demonstrat ...
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537-04_outline
Clarkson, ME 537
Excerpt: ... ME 537 FLUID MECHANICS OF AEROSOLS FALL 2004 INSTRUCTOR: TEXT: G. Ahmadi, Room 267 CAMP (268-2322) Office Hours: MW 1:00 - 3:00 p.m., T 1:30 - 2:00 p.m. None. Lectures notes are available on the web. COURSE WEB SITE: http:/www.clarkson.edu/projects/crcd/ Course Objectives 1. To provide a fundamental understanding of aerosol transport and removal in laminar flow s. 2. To provide a fundamental understanding of particles adhesion and removal from surfaces 3. To familiarize the students with the computational modeling of particle resuspension in laminar flow s. 4. To familiarize the students with the industrial applications of aerosols. Course Learning Outcomes Objective 1: Students will be able to formulate and solve aerosol transport and deposition in laminar flow s. Objective 2: Students will be able to analyze particle adhesion and removal of micro- and nano-particles. Objective 3: Students will become familiar with computational fluid mechanics and particle trajectory analysis procedures. Stud ...
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437-04_outline
Clarkson, ME 2
Excerpt: ... ME 437 PARTICLE TRANSPORT, DEPOSITION AND REMOVAL-I FALL 2004 INSTRUCTOR: TEXT: G. Ahmadi, Room 267 CAMP (268-2322) Office Hours: MW 1:00 - 3:15 p.m., T 1:30 - 2:00 p.m. None. Lectures notes are available on the web. COURSE WEB SITE: http:/www.clarkson.edu/projects/crcd/ Course Objectives 1. To provide a fundamental understanding of aerosol transport and removal in laminar flow s. 2. To provide a fundamental understanding of particles adhesion and removal from surfaces 3. To familiarize the students with the computational modeling of particle resuspension in laminar flow s. 4. To familiarize the students with the industrial applications of aerosols. Course Learning Outcomes Objective 1: Students will be able to formulate and solve aerosol transport and deposition in laminar flow s. Objective 2: Students will be able to analyze particle adhesion and removal of micro- and nano-particles. Objective 3: Students will become familiar with computational fluid mechanics and particle trajectory analysis pro ...
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Lecture 12
Virginia Tech, ME 3304
Excerpt: ... Internal Flow: General Considerations and Correlations Lecture 12 - Chapter 8 Dr. Srinath Ekkad Entrance Conditions Entrance Conditions Must distinguish between entrance and fully developed regions. Hydrodynamic Effects: Assume laminar flow with uniform velocity profile at inlet of a circular tube. Velocity boundary layer develops on surface of tube and thickens with increasing x. Inviscid region of uniform velocity shrinks as boundary layer grows. Does the centerline velocity change with increasing x? If so, how does it change? Subsequent to boundary layer merger at the centerline, the velocity profile becomes parabolic and invariant with x. The flow is then said to be hydrodynamically fully developed. How would the fully developed velocity profile differ for turbulent flow? Entrance Conditions (cont) Thermal Effects: Assume laminar flow with uniform temperature, T r ,0 Ti , at inlet of circular tube with uniform surface temperature, Ts Ti , or heat flux, q s . Ther ...
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002-whystudyblt
Purdue, AAE 624
Excerpt: ... Why Study Laminar-Turbulent Transition? Laminar flow has much lower skin-friction drag. Global Hawk uses laminar flow to increase performance (range), without maintenance difficulties (Aaron Drake, NGC, TSG open forum, Reno NV, Jan. 2004). Laminar-flow control (LFC) also a continuing issue for transports; despite much research, not yet in service. Small amounts of skin-friction drag can also be a critical issue for vehicle moments. Laminar flow results in 3-8 times less aeroheating than turbulent flow. If the Shuttle transitions too early, the integrated heat pulse would be too large, the aluminum substructure would overheat and possible fail at max q at lower speeds. Galileo and other planetary probes are also affected by transition. Transition affects separation and is affected by separation. Separation and reattachment are important for drag, heating, and other properties. For example, shock-induced laminar b.l. separation can unstart a scramjet. Likewise, transition affects shock/b.l. interaction and ...
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ME521_Lecture_29
Penn State, ME 521
Excerpt: ... ME 521 Fall 2007 Professor John M. Cimbala Lecture 29 11/02/2007 Today, we will: Discuss propulsion of fish, birds, and sailboats Do Candy Questions for Candy Friday Begin a new major topic: Laminar Flow Solutions Nearly Incompressible Laminar Flow Equations and Solution Technique Author: John M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision: 31 October 2007 Assumptions and Approximations The fluid is Newtonian with constant properties (, , k, , , CP). The flow is laminar rather than transitional or turbulent. The fluid is nearly incompressible either an incompressible liquid or an ideal gas at very low Mach numbers. Differential Equations of Motion for Nearly Incompressible Flow (general review) Conservation of mass: u i =0. xi u Dui u 2 ui p = i + uj i = - + gi + . t Dt x j xi x j x j DT 2T C p =k + , where = 2 eij eij . Conservation of energy (first law): For incompressible liquid: Dt xi xi Momentum equation: For ideal gas at very low M ...
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Dynamics1
Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, PHYS 120
Excerpt: ... . mg Free Fall g not equilibrium If an elevator is in free fall. Apparent weight is 0. 0 Fn = -m(g+g) = 0 Our friend is weightless! Static Friction fs max = sn = s mg for rubber on concrete s is about 1 kinetic Friction fk = kn = k mg for rubber on concrete k is about 0.8 Static Friction Kinetic Friction derivation is beyond the scope of this lab, we simply quote the result as : F = 6#r!v Equation 3 is known as Stokes' Law and is valid only for laminar flow , where the flow of the fluid can be treated as consisting of layers, each layer having a well defined velocity. Laminar flow around an airfoil is illustrated in Fig. 2a. Turbulent (non-laminar) flow is illustrated in Fig. 2b. Drag (3) Not your normal force! Figure 2 (a) Laminar flow (b) Turbulent flow Pictures from Shape and Flow by Ascher Shapiro , Science Study Series #S21. A sphere of density $s falling in a stationary fluid of density $l is "dragged" downwards by a 2 gravitational force given by Dkv 4 3 D ...
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Final Exam Review-F05
Missouri (Mizzou), CE CE 3700
Excerpt: ... . Know which terms in the energy equation represent 1) heat transferred to the system from the surroundings, 2) shaft work, 3) flow work, 4) kinetic energy of the system, 5) potential energy of the system, 6) internal energy of the system. Section 7.3 Know how to calculate power of flowing water. Know how to apply the energy equation in fluid systems. Section 7.4 Know definitions of energy grade line (EGL) and hydraulic grade line (HGL). Know how to plot EGL and HGL. Chapter 9 Section 9.2 Review the handout showing derivations for Couette flow, laminar flow down an inclined plane, and laminar flow between parallel plates. Know how to use the equations. You will not be asked to derive these equations. This handout sheet will be provided on the exam. Section 9.3 Understand Figure 9.5 (a) and (b). Understand how boundary layers are developed. Section 9.4 Understand the difference between cf and Cf. Know how to use Equations 9.20, 9.22 and the equation at top of page 338 (same as Equation 9.22). Section 9.5 Conce ...
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ME33_Lecture_31
Penn State, ME 33
Excerpt: ... ME 33 Fall 2005 Lecture 31 11-14-2005 Example Problem Exact Solution for Couette Flow Given: Steady, incompressible, laminar flow in the x-y plane between two infinite parallel plates. Assumptions and approximations: 1. The flow is steady [/t of anything = 0]. 2. The flow is two-dimensional in the x-y plane [/z of anything = 0, w = 0]. 3. Gravity effects are negligible or ignored. 4. The flow is fully developed [/x of any velocity = 0 velocity does not change with x]. 5. Pressure is constant everywhere. To do: Calculate the velocity field. Solution: ...
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G060130-00
Caltech, G 060130
Excerpt: ... BSC CLEAN ROOM PROCEDURES Riccardo DeSalvo These notes are based in part on Input and experience from LMA-Lyon The lesson learned are applied to the LIGO BSC chambers that house by far the most sensitive mirrors LIGO-G060130-00-R Cleaner mirror installation for Ad-LIGO The ITM and BS of the 2k have been contaminated, showed anomalous absorption and thermal lensing. This contaminant was easy to remove (dragwipe) The contaminant turned out being particles, possibly soot, that entered the BSC during maintenance. AdLIGO will be >10 times more sensitive to thermal lensing effects Need to establish better defense against contaminants See also T050068-00-R LIGO-G060130-00-R Cleaner mirror installation for Ad-LIGO Strippable paints, suggesting by Helena are a good start The main contaminant though, may be the operator that strips the paint and later performs the alignment Need an additional defense line Laminar flow clean chamber is the answer LIGO-G060130-00-R SCHEME OF A CLEAN ...
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G060130-00
Caltech, G 060130
Excerpt: ... BSC CLEAN ROOM PROCEDURES Riccardo DeSalvo These notes are based in part on Input and experience from LMA-Lyon The lesson learned are applied to the LIGO BSC chambers that house by far the most sensitive mirrors LIGO-G060130-00-R Cleaner mirror installation for Ad-LIGO The ITM and BS of the 2k have been contaminated, showed anomalous absorption and thermal lensing. This contaminant was easy to remove (drag-wipe) The contaminant turned out being particles, possibly soot, that entered the BSC during maintenance. Ad-LIGO will be >10 times more sensitive to thermal lensing effects Need to establish better defense against contaminants See also T050068-00-R LIGO-G060130-00-R Cleaner mirror installation for Ad-LIGO Strippable paints, suggesting by Helena are a good start The main contaminant though, may be the operator that strips the paint and later performs the alignment Need an additional defense line Laminar flow clean chamber is the answer LIGO-G060130-00-R SCHEME OF A CLEAN ROOM ...
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BIOT 2922 Intro
Oklahoma City Community College, BIOT 2922
Excerpt: ... BIOT 2922 Tissue Culture Methods Objectives Work aseptically. Maintain mammalian cells in healthy, uncontaminated state for 2-4 weeks. Manipulate mammalian cells. Cell lines Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells Introduced in the 1960s. Used in a cultured monolayer in culture flasks. Used in studies of genetics, toxicity screening, nutrition and gene expression particularly expression of recombinant proteins. Mouse myeloma cells Cancer cell line. Grow in clumps. CHO cells Myeloma cells Working with cell lines Each student has own media and cells. Make complete and incomplete media and test for sterility. Obtain cells/monitor cell growth. Use of inverted microscope. Prepare laminar flow hood. Monitor CO2 incubator (Fyrite procedure for level). Handle cells, split cells, count cells, freeze down cells. Laminar Flow Hood CHO cells 10% confluent ~100% confluent Confluency: coverage or proliferation that the cells are allowed over or throu ...
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Lab9 - Fluid Flow
USC, PHYS 151Lg
Excerpt: ... To move the upper plate in this example requires a force. For a given fluid, this force, F, is proportional to the area of either plate, A, and to the speed, v, and is inversely proportional to the separation, L, of the plates: F v A/L. The proportionality constant is defined as the coefficient of viscosity, Av F = -L (IX-1) The units of are Ns / m2, which is equivalent to Pas (a Pa - Pascal - is a standard unit of pressure and is defined as a N/m2). 2.3 Categorizing Flow In general, we can distinguish two types of fluid flow: laminar flow and turbulent flow. Laminar flow (or `flow in layers') describes a regular flow pattern as depicted in figure IX-1 and was used to derive Eqn. (IX-1). All aspects of laminar flow can be fully characterized both physically and mathematically. Turbulent flow describes all remaining forms of fluid flow, characterized by irregular flow patterns such as vortices, intersecting stream patterns, etc. For this type of flow, simple physical description, predict ...
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eg7_ans
East Los Angeles College, CIVE 1400
Excerpt: ... CIVE 1400: Fluid mechanics Examples: Answers: Laminar flow Laminar flow in pipes examples. 7.1 The distribution of velocity, u, in metres/sec with radius r in metres in a smooth bore tube of 0.025 m bore follows the law, u = 2.5 - kr2. Where k is a constant. The flow is laminar and the velocity at the pipe surface is zero. The fluid has a coefficient of viscosity of 0.00027 kg/m s. Determine (a) the rate of flow in m3/s (b) the shearing force between the fluid and the pipe wall per metre length of pipe. [6.14x10-4 m3/s, 8.49x10-3 N] The velocity at distance r from the centre is given in the question: u = 2.5 - kr2 Also we know: = 0.00027 kg/ms 2r = 0.025m We can find k from the boundary conditions: when r = 0.0125, u = 0.0 (boundary of the pipe) 0.0 = 2.5 - k0.01252 k = 16000 u = 2.5 - 1600 r2 a) Following along similar lines to the derivation seen in the lecture notes, we can calculate the flow Q through a small annulus r: Q = ur Aannulus Aannulus = (r + r ) 2 r 2 2rr Q = ...
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lab5
Ill. Chicago, ME 211
Excerpt: ... ant for a pipe of fixed cross section), and D is the pipe inner diameter, the friction factor f is defined by f = 2 ghD dp = 1 l lV 2 2 V 2 D (1) The Reynolds number is given by Re = VD 4 Q = D ( 2) where Q denotes the volume flow rate, and the fluid viscosity. This quantity varies with temperature; see Table 1 listing values for water. The Reynolds number determines whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. For typical flows in smooth pipes, laminar flow conditions correspond to Re<2100, while turbulent flow corresponds to Re>4000. The laminar/turbulent transition regime corresponds to 2100<Re<4000. It is noted, however, 1 that the transition values of Re from one regime to the other depend on the smoothness of the pipe. Therefore, these values may be different from those listed above. Equation (2) can be used to determine the range of flow rates Q corresponding to specific flow characteristics in a tube of fixed diameter. For example, laminar flow is attained when Re = 4 Q D < 2100 Q < 525 D ...
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sign10
Rochester, ME 223
Excerpt: ... ME 223 ASSIGNMENT #10 2008 Assignments handed in by the end of class (11 AM) on Friday April 18 will receive a 5 point bonus. Assignments handed in after that but by 6 PM on Friday April 18 will receive full credit but no bonus. No assignments will be accepted after 6 PM on Friday April 18. LECTURE SCHEDULE AND READING Section in Class Notes 8. INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION 8.1 Basic Concepts 8.2 Thermal Analysis 8.3 Laminar Flow in Tubes 8.4 Turbulent Flow in Tubes Date Section in Text 8.1 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 W Apr 9 Th Apr 10 F, M Apr 11,14 W, Th Apr 16,17 PROBLEMS 8-21 (10 points) 8-25 (20 points) 8-39 (20 points) 8-45 (25 points) 8-63E (25 points) ...
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Introduction to Ocean Turbulence
UMass Dartmouth, MAR 610
Excerpt: ... Introduction to Ocean Turbulence MNE 490/ MAR 610 Friction and Ocean Turbulence 3 Types of Flow Potential Flow No friction; no vorticity Laminar Flow Friction but no overturning Turbulent Flow Friction, high vorticity, overturning The Road to Turbulence Turbulent Flow Laminar flow Homework problem: Give one example of ocean flows which are: (1) potential flow; (2) laminar flow ;(3) turbulent flow Who is this? Numerical Model of 3 D Turbulence Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) model of turbulence 2 D Ocean Turbulence Sea surface chlorophyll distribution derived from sea surface color in the western Sargasso Sea on May 27, 2007 High Resolution Numerical model of a Frontal Instability Producing 2 D turbulence How do we measure ocean 3D turbulence? Layered Organization of the Coastal Ocean (LOCO) Experimental Site Monterey Bay CA SMAST LOCO Objective: Study relationship of biological thin layers to turbulence SMAST T-REMUS Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Used for ocean turbulence measurements ...
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Laminar
Pittsburgh, CEE 1402
Excerpt: ... Experiment 5: CEE 1402 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY Laminar Flow in Circular Pipe Objectives: The objective of this experiment is to study steady laminar flow s in a circular pipe. The flow rate in the pipe system is directly related to the drop in piezometric head between an upstream (Section 1) and downstream (Section 2) sections over a distance L that can be expressed as: P P P h = + Z = 1 + Z 1 - 2 + Z 2 (1) in which P = pressure; Z = elevation; = unit weight of the fluid; P1 and P2 = pressure at Sections 1 and 2, respectively; and Z1 and Z2 = elevations at Sections 1 and 2, respectively. For a laminar flow the discharge can be shown as: Q= R0 4 h (2) 8 L in which Q= discharge; R0 = (inner) radius of the pipe; and = dynamic viscosity of the fluid. 2 Since the mean ...
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laminar
East Los Angeles College, CIVE 1400
Excerpt: ... r this Actually both would happen - but for different flow rates. The top occurs when the fluid is flowing fast and the lower when it is flowing slowly. CIVE 1400: Fluid Mechanics Real Fluids: Laminar and Turbulent Flow 1 The top situation is known as turbulent flow and the lower as laminar flow . In laminar flow the motion of the particles of fluid is very orderly with all particles moving in straight lines parallel to the pipe walls. But what is fast or slow? And at what speed does the flow pattern change? And why might we want to know this? The phenomenon was first investigated in the 1880s by Osbourne Reynolds in an experiment which has become a classic in fluid mechanics. He used a tank arranged as above with a pipe taking water from the centre into which he injected a dye through a needle. After many experiments he saw that this expression ud where = density, u = mean velocity, d = diameter and = viscosity would help predict the change in flow type. If the value is less than about 2000 t ...
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Chapter4-Part3
Embry-Riddle FL/AZ, AE 301
Excerpt: ... AirspeedMeasurement ThePitotStaticsystemisthestandarddevicefor airspeedmeasurement p 0 p p p 0 V V Atlowspeeds,thissystemmakesuseofBernoullis equationtoobtainVfrompressuresanddensity p + V = p0 1 2 2 AE301AerodynamicsI 2( p 0 p ) V= 1 06/ ...
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ENTC 303 -11- Fall_08
Texas A&M, ENTC 303
Excerpt: ... to calculate fluid losses? Need to identify type of flow Laminar or Turbulent? Must know flow conditions and piping system specifications (size, length, etc.) Reynolds Number Inertia _ Forces Re = Viscous _ Forces Re = v * D P IP E * v * D = P IP E Re < 2000 Laminar Flow Re > 4000 Turbulent 2000 < Re < 4000 Critical Region or Transitional Fluid Losses Laminar Fluid Characteristic Turbulent Need to know: Velocity Pipe Diameter Viscosity Density Need to know: Velocity Pipe Diameter Viscosity Density Roughness Osborne Reynolds Laminar vs. Turbulent Laminar vs. Turbulent Laminar Turbulent http:/www.engineering.uiowa.edu/fluidslab/gallery/images/turb6im.gif Laminar vs. Turbulent Laminar vs. Turbulent Velocity Profile for Pipe Flows laminar Le = 0.06 d Re turbulent Le = 4.4 1/ 6 d Re Laminar Flow Streamline flow, smooth velocity profile Turbulent Flow Fluid particles randomly fluctuate along the streamwise direction Average Velocity Profile Energy loss due ...
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ME405_Lecture_21
Penn State, ME 521
Excerpt: ... ME 405 Fall 2006 Professor John M. Cimbala Lecture 21 10/25/2006 Today, we will: Briefly discuss Partially Mixed Conditions in Section 5.7 Discuss The Well-Mixed Model as an Experimental Tool in Section 5.8 Discuss Clean Rooms in Section 5. ...
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pipe1
Portland, CE 362
Excerpt: ... CE362 Civil Engineering Fluid Mechanics Pipe#1 Head Loss In Pipe Systems Internal Incompressible Flow Topics covered by this lecture: Introduction Parallel Plate Flow Laminar Pipe Flow S Basic definitions: . Internal: flow bounded by solid surfaces . Incompressible: no density change of fluid S Laminar or turbulent flow depends on the Reynolds Number Re Re = VD S Laminar flow occurs in distinct layers (Re < ' 2300) , Laminar flow equations can be solved analytically S Turbulent flow is fully mixed (Re > ' 2300) ,Turbulent flow must be solved empirically S Consider the pipe in Fig. 8.1 ,Uniform entrance flow Uo ,Remember no slip boundary condition: velocity at wall must be zero 1 CE362 Civil Engineering Fluid Mechanics Pipe#1 ,Flow velocity increase to max at center of pipe ,At successive downstream sections, the wall effect is felt further out into the flow until it is fully developed S Conservation of Mass for Fig. 8.1 is V=1 A must equal Uo, so ? u dA Area V = U o = constant ...
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