Documents about Neural Correlates
2020-Lecture10
Minnesota, HSEM 2020
Excerpt: ... Lecture 10: recent studies on shape and form aftereffects Questions: Shape aftereffects: Local or non-local? Apparent motion? Shape contrast? Face aftereffects: Is there a prototype in face representation? gender and race contingency? perception of attractiveness adaptable? Viewpoint aftereffect: local feature adaptation or viewpoint adaptation? object/category specificity? neural correlates ? ? local Non-local Questions: Shape aftereffects: Local or non-local? Apparent motion? Shape contrast? Face aftereffects: Is there a prototype in face representation? gender and race contingency? perception of attractiveness adaptable? Viewpoint aftereffect: local feature adaptation or viewpoint adaptation? object/category specificity? neural correlates ? 100% 50% 0% Upright vs. Inverted face Translation invariance QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime an ...
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sinex presentation
University of Texas, PSY 394
Excerpt: ... Neural correlates of nonmonotonic temporal acuity for voice onset time Donal G. Sinex, Lynn P. McDonald, & John B. Mott Chelsea Simmons Objective Patterns of neural activity have not been compared to psychophysical measurements from the same species for speech sounds May show how acoustic properties of speech sounds interact with general mechanisms of auditory system to sort the stimuli into discrete perceptual classes Studies using tones and masking indicate that the performance of the peripheral auditory system limits the sensitivity of the whole animal ...
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Hallucinations
Laurentian, NEUR 3680
Excerpt: ... ng one's own inner speech to another are subject to debate. Hypothesis This study will be focused on the neural correlates of single word reading in patients with and without hallucinations. We hypothesize that the neural correlates of reading aloud should differentiate the patients who have hallucinations from those who do not. Participants 3 Groups: a. 8 Schizophrenic with a history of AVH b. 10 Schizophrenic Patients with no history of AVH (NAVH group) volunteers c. 12 healthy male control subject with no history of Schizophrenia Schizophrenic groups were compared to eliminate possible error caused by different medications. Therefore allowing only the propensity for verbal hallucinations to distinguish AVH from NAVH. Methods: Task Paradigm Stimuli were common concrete nouns presented in lower case letters above there fixation mark. Stimuli appeared on a video monitor for 2.75 seconds with a 250-milisecond interstimulas interval. 2 Tasks: a. Reading Condition (Read), subjects read lou ...
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Ch24 Figures
Dickinson State, PSY 486
Excerpt: ... Figure 24.1 The relation between value and utility Figure 24.1 The relation between value and utility (Part 1) Figure 24.1 The relation between value and utility (Part 2) Figure 24.2 Examples of irrational decision making Box 24A Addiction to Gambling Figure 24.3 Some problems with using heuristics in decision making Figure 24.4 Some commonly studied games Figure 24.4 Some commonly studied games (Part 1) Figure 24.4 Some commonly studied games (Part 2) Figure 24.4 Some commonly studied games (Part 3) Figure 24.5 Dopaminergic pathways Figure 24.6 Midbrain dopaminergic neurons in response to expected and omitted rewards Figure 24.6 Midbrain dopaminergic neurons in response to expected and omitted rewards (Part 1) Figure 24.6 Midbrain dopaminergic neurons in response to expected and omitted rewards (Part 2) Figure 24.7 The neural correlates of trust in decision making Figure 24.7 The neural correlates of trust in decision making (Part 1) Figure 24.7 The neural correlates of ...
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2320Lecture27
Laurentian, PSYC 2320
Excerpt: ... Business Minor grade adjustments on Midterm 2 Opportunity to participate in Cognitive Neuroscience and Perception experiment - sign up for Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday afternoons by emailing matthew.tata@uleth.ca Neural Correlates of Selection Since attention has a profound effect on perception, one would expect it to have some measurable effect on the brain Neural Correlates of Selection Since attention has a profound effect on perception, one would expect it to have some measurable effect on the brain This has been confirmed with a variety of techniques: EEG, fMRI/PET, Unit Recordings Neural Correlates of Selection Electrical activity recorded at scalp (EEG) shows differences between attended and unattended stimuli in A1 within 90 ms Hansen & Hillyard (1980) Neural Correlates of Selection Single Unit Recordings: Delayed Match-toSample task MONKEY FIXATES CENTRE CROSS Neural Correlates of Selection Single Unit Recordings: Delayed Match-toSample task "CUE" APPEARS AT FIXATION ...
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lecture17
Berkeley, CS 182
Excerpt: ... CS 182/Ling109/CogSci110 Spring 2008 Reinforcement Learning: Basics 3/20/2008 Srini Narayanan ICSI and UC Berkeley Lecture Outline Introduction Basic Concepts Expectation, Utility, MEU Neural correlates of reward based learning Utility theory from economics Preferences, Utilities. Reinforcement Learning: AI approach Models of Learning Hebbian ~ coincidence Recruitment ~ one trial Supervised ~ correction (backprop) Reinforcement ~ Reward based delayed reward Unsupervised ~ similarity Reinforcement Learning Basic idea: Receive feedback in the form of rewards also called reward based learning in psychology Agents utility is defined by the reward function Must learn to act so as to maximize expected utility Change the rewards, change the behavior Examples: Learning coordinated behavior/skills (x-schemas) Playing a game, reward at the end for winning / losing Vacuuming robot, reward for each piece of ...
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Exam2Review
NMSU, PSY 340
Excerpt: ... Review questions for exam 2 Please note that just because a particular topic is not covered in this review document does not mean that it is not fair game for the exam. 1. Give an example of a memory task that requires deep processing. 2. Longter ...
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3680Lecture26
Laurentian, NEUR 200801
Excerpt: ... Neural Correlates of Visual Awareness A Hard Problem Are all organisms conscious? A Hard Problem Are all organisms conscious? If not, what's the difference between those that are and those that are not? Complexity? Language? Some peculiar type of memory? All of these? A Hard Problem Really what we're asking is: What is it about our brains that makes us conscious? A Hard Problem Neuroscientists have deferred some of the difficulties of that problem by focusing on a subtly different one: What are the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) What neural processes are distinctly associated with consciousness? That is still a pretty hard problem! Searching for the NCC When a visual stimulus appears: Visual neurons tuned to aspects of that stimulus fire action potentials (single unit recording) Ensemble depolarizations of pyramidal cells in various parts of visual cortex (and elsewhere) (ERP, MEG) Increased metabolic demand ensues in various parts of the visual cortex (and ...
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Guide11
UCSD, COGS 101
Excerpt: ... at is the aperture problem and why is it such a problem for cells at early levels of visual processing? Is the aperture problem solved by area MT? How is this possible when the receptive fields of MT neurons are so small? IV.F Real vs. Apparent Motion What stimuli did Stevens et al. use to study the neural correlates of apparent motion? What area associated with real motion perception was activated by apparent motion much more than static images? What are some areas that showed greater activation to possible motion than impossible motion? ...
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Lecture_10_notes
UPenn, PSYC 149
Excerpt: ... he cocktail party effect where prepotent stimuli, such as ones name, can make it to conscious awareness even when arising from an unattended source, reveal that unattended information can make it past the attentional filter. Triesman suggested a modification of the Broadbent model that instead of completely blocking unattended stimuli from higher analysis, unattended stimuli is simply attenuated and can pass into the semantic analysis stage, however weakly. Semantic analysis of unattended stimuli, as in the cocktail party effect, is an example of late selection. ERP amplitude modulation The neural correlates of attention have been measured using ERP in both the auditory and visual domains. Stimuli presented to one ear when that ear is being attended produce larger amplitudes in the N1 ERP component (a negative voltage occurring at about 70-90 msec.) than when the ear is not being attended to. A follow-up study that used a more sensitive design, revealed higher amplitude in an earlier ERP componen ...
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Luke Lehtonen et al 2006 presentation
University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, PSYC 593
Excerpt: ... Neural correlates of morphological decomposition in a morphologically rich language: An fMRI study Lehtonen, M., Vorobyev, V.A., Hugdahl, K., Tuokkola T., Laine M. Morphologically Complefl Words SING+ER+S Most Indo-European languages, such as English or French, use inflectional affixes to quite a limited extent. Finnish has abundant inflectional possibilities: a single noun in Finnish can have as many as 2000 different forms HUONE+I+SSA+NNE+KIN room + plural + in + your + even even in your rooms Morphological Decomposition When compared to otherwise matched monomorphemic words, Finnish morphologically complex words are usually processed more slowly with a greater probability of error. This suggests that morphological decomposition takes place during recognition of these words The recognition process of inflected words is assumed to require two major processing steps early morphological decomposition at the visual word form lev ...
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M2_Slides_Correlated_activity
Acton School of Business, CAAM 415
Excerpt: ... Correlated activity in populations Lecture 2 Last lecture 1. Population response (noise) distributions 2. Population decoders (winnertakeall, centerofmass, templatematching, maximumlikelihood, Bayesian) 3. Goodness of decoders Fisher information ...
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H07.5_CognitionReally
Harvard, HANDOUTS 2006
Excerpt: ... that the ideas are largely descriptive. Maybe I am being unfair. You decide. P300-1 Discusses the Wason selection task, overlapping with lecture. Why is this interesting? P302-309 Discusses more of the Kahneman and Tversky-style work on heuristics in reasoning. You want to be able to define some of the various heuristics or short-cuts that we seem to use in our reasoning. P311 If you are interested in the Neural Correlates of Consciousness (the NCC as Christof Koch labels it), you could read his book or you could read my review of his book: Wolfe, J. M. (2004). "Looking at your self: Review of "The Quest for Consciousness" by C. Koch." Nat Neurosci 7(6): 565. A bit more: Daniel Wegner's disturbing thoughts about thought. We are inclined to think that we are in control of what we do. However, there is a lot of recent work that calls this into question. Daniel Wegner (Harvard) has done some of the most interesting that I know about (and seems to have written a great deal on the topic (http:/www.wjh.harvard.e ...
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krauzlis
Caltech, ABSTRACTS 02
Excerpt: ... NEURAL CORRELATES OF PURSUIT AND SACCADE EYE MOVEMENT CHOICES IN THE PRIMATE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS Rich Krauzlis and Natalie Dill, Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 U.S.A., email: rich@salk.edu Primates continuously resample their visual environment through a combination of slow pursuit and quick saccadic eye movements. Such frequent movements require timely choices by both pursuit and saccades about which stimulus to target next. These choices likely involve identifying the most active neurons among those representing the competing alternatives, but it is unknown how this "winner-take-all" strategy is coordinated between the two movements. We have now examined the role of the superior colliculus in choosing targets for pursuit and saccades by comparing neuronal activity at sites representing the possible choices and have found that the "winner" can be predicted by the difference in activity between the neuronal populations. After recording during a two-a ...
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PSOVIPS2008
Virgin Islands, PSYC 499
Excerpt: ... and Gestures Evoked by Manipulable Object Words as Affected by the Sentence Context Having Tea with the ERP: Exploring the Neural Correlates of the Hand Alignment Effect How Do We Get There? The Effect of Navigational Experience on Strategy Selection Life Aspirations in Psychology and Business: A Comparative Study Neural Correlates of Learning in a Difficult Perceptual Expertise Task: An Event Related Potential Study Perceptual sensitivity to featural and configural changes in faces: A developmental study. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Inpatient Substance Use Treatment Setting Potent Features of Familiar Face Recognition: An Investigation Using "Bubbles" Romantic Rapport and Verbal Behavior in Heterosexual Couples: A Brunswikian Lens Model Analysis Shifting the Focus to Parents: An Evaluation of a Parent-based Intervention to Reduce Alcohol Abuse and Related Harms Among University Students Youth Homelessness and Well-Being: Hope and Time-Perspective as Protective Factors The effects of L-theanine on s ...
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Zaki_PNAS_in_press_Supplementary
Columbia, KO 2132
Excerpt: ... SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS METHODS AND RESULTS: Neural correlates of inaccurate inference: While our a priori interest was in the neural activity tracking with a perceivers accurate inferences about social targets affective states, our data also allowed for the opposite analysis. By using the relative accuracy of a perceiver for a given clip as a negative parametric regressor, we could also interrogate the brain for activity tracking with inferential inaccuracy. This analysis produced three clusters of activity (see Supplementary Table 2); two posterior clusters in the parietal and occipital cortex, and one large cluster spanning the putamen and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC). This last activation is of special interest, because these regions (among others) have been shown to track with many aspects of affective experience, including processing of reward and negative emotion, and autonomic control (1-3), and one might speculate that a negative correlation between activity here and accuracy cou ...
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2320Lecture20
Laurentian, PSYC 2320
Excerpt: ... The Physiology of Attention Physiology of Attention Neural systems involved in orienting Neural correlates of selection Disorders of Orienting Lesions to parietal cortex can produce some strange behavioural consequences Parieta l Lobe Disorders of Orienting Lesions to parietal cortex can produce some strange behavioural consequences patients fail to notice events on the contralesional side Patients behave as if they are blind in the contralesional hemifield Disorders of Orienting Lesions to parietal cortex can produce some strange behavioural consequences patients fail to notice events on the contralesional side Patients behave as if they are blind in the contralesional hemifield but they are not blind Called Hemispatial Neglect Disorders of Orienting Hypothesis: Parietal cortex somehow involved in orienting attention into contralesional space Disorders of Orienting Posner and colleagues Use cue-target paradigm to investigate attentional abilities of parietal lesion pati ...
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Ch25 Figures
Dickinson State, PSY 486
Excerpt: ... Figure 25.1 Examples of correct and incorrect deductive reasoning Figure 25.2 The mental model approach to deductive reasoning Box 25A Context Effects on Reasoning Figure 25.3 Evidence for the left-brain interpreter Box 25B The Role of Frontopolar Cortex Box 25B The Role of Frontopolar Cortex (Part 1) Box 25B The Role of Frontopolar Cortex (Part 2) Figure 25.4 Prefrontal activation during deduction and induction tasks Figure 25.5 Water jar problems Box 25C Problem Solving by Non-Human Animals Figure 25.6 Classic insight problems Box 25D The Neurobiology of Intelligence Box 25D The Neurobiology of Intelligence (Part 1) Box 25D The Neurobiology of Intelligence (Part 2) Figure 25.7 Neural correlates of insight Figure 25.7 Neural correlates of insight (Part 1) Figure 25.7 Neural correlates of insight (Part 2) Figure 25.8 A counterintuitive example of improved problem solving Figure 25.8 A counterintuitive example of improved problem solving (Part 1) Figure 25.8 A counterintui ...
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PhilosophyOfMindLecture
East Los Angeles College, COMSM 0204
Excerpt: ... l'? It's not obvious that this distinction can actually be made. I arguably functionalism is inherently pluralistic But either way, we still seem to skirting the issue of our inner mental lives. Philosophy of Mind 21 / 35 The mind/body problem The scientific turn The computational turn The explanatory gap Just how hard is the problem? Zombie Hypothesis Neural correlates Inverted spectrum The "leading edge of perception" Colour phi Consciousness as narrative Further reading The enduring challenge: closing the explanatory gap Philosophy of Mind 22 / 35 Just how hard is the problem? The mind/body problem The scientific turn The computational turn The explanatory gap Just how hard is the problem? Zombie Hypothesis Neural correlates Inverted spectrum The "leading edge of perception" Colour phi Consciousness as narrative Further reading Some version of functionalism is accepted by many, but we are nowhere near a resolution. The intuition remains that we still haven't expla ...
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Study_Guide_Exam1
UNL, PSY 263
Excerpt: ... neural correlates of perception and what each stream is responsible for (slides 50-54) Auditory Perception Justin gave a guest lecture on auditory perception to follow up on the more visual aspect of things in lectures 5 and 7. There will be a few questions on the exam from Justin's lecture, pay particular attention to: -What quality of sound is influenced by the frequency of a sound wave (slide 7) -Interaural time difference, what is it, what type of cue is it, what types of cues is it related to (slides 16-17) -How, exactly, sound stimuli are depicted graphically (slides 21-22) Visual Illusions In lecture 7 we spent the entire time looking at various visual illusions to see what they tell us about perception. There won't be too many questions on the exam about visual illusions (about 4-5) but here are the things you should focus on -What causes the hollow mask illusion and Margaret Thatcher illusion (slides 13-16) -What causes the ball in a box shadow illusion (slides 26) -What causes color afterimages ...
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course_description
Caltech, CNS 251
Excerpt: ... Feb 18;287(5456):1269-72. Canli T, Desmond JE, Zhao Z, Gabrieli JD. Sex differences in the neural basis of emotional memories. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Aug 6;99(16):10789-94. McClure SM, Li J, Tomlin D, Cypert KS, Montague LM, Montague PR. Neural correlates of behavioral preference for culturally familiar drinks. Neuron. 2004 Oct 14;44(2):379-87. Eisenberger NI, Lieberman MD, Williams KD. Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion. Science. 2003 Oct 10;302(5643):290-2. Bartels A, Zeki S. The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love. Neuroimage. 2004 Mar;21(3):1155-66. March 6th: Current trends in fMRI research: Guilherme, Raphael Each presenter should take 3 each need to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Pharmacological fMRI: Knutson B, Bjork JM, Fong GW, Hommer D, Mattay VS, Weinberger DR Amphetamine modulates human incentive processing. Neuron. 2004 Jul 22;43(2):261-9. Computational fMRI: Tanaka SC, Doya K, Okada G, Ueda K, Okamoto Y, Yamawaki S. Prediction ...
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ConsciousnessFreeWill
UCSD, BILD 12
Excerpt: ... BILD12 Lecture 3/1/06 WINTER 2006 REINAGEL Consciousness In addition to sensory mechanisms, valuation mechanisms, and motor mechanisms, we also have an internal EXPERIENCE associated with (some of) this activity, i.e. consciousness. How does the brain produce this experience and what is it there for? (1) Neural Correlates of Consciousness 1995 F Crick The Astonishing Hypothesis stimulated many studies in 90s to look for the NCC (2) Alternating illusions: same stimulus, two percepts a. Draw necker cube on board b. Thought: certainly motor output would correlate with reported percept, retinal input would correlate with physical stimulus, somewhere in between is something that corrs with percept regardless of output mode? c. One rivalry experiment: Heeger 1990 Show [green, high contr, horiz]and [red, low contr, vertic] grating dichoptically. -if alternating randomly, ss report seeing gratings as they appear, and V1 reponse (fMRI) goes up during red (high contr) -if shown simultaneously, RIVALRY ...
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06 Consciousness, Sleep and Dreams Book Notes
Tufts, PSY 001
Excerpt: ... Consciousness, Sleep and Dreams Book Notes Consciousness Subjectivity: the actual experience of these things can never be shared in a manner resembling our own internal awareness of them qualia Access To Information we can access the knowledge of o ...
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