Documents about Tumor Necrosis Factor
LectureIIIandIV
Emory, IBS 501
Excerpt: ... Cell Biology: Joshi Lecture IV March 5, 2000 Control of Cell Number in Metazoans and Apoptosis Size control of organisms Control of the cell cycle Control of the programmed cell death (Apoptosis) Development Maintenance Disease Experimental systems Genetic studies in C. elegans (1090-131) Interleukin biochemisty (IL3) Studies of B cell follicular lymphoma (Bcl2) Cell culture transfection assays Tumor necrosis factor biochemistry QuickTime and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture. Experimental systems Genetic studies in C. elegans (1090-131) Interleukin biochemisty (IL3) Studies of B cell follicular lymphoma (Bcl2) Cell culture transfection assays Tumor necrosis factor biochemistry QuickTimeq and a GIF decompressor are needed to see this picture. Experimental systems Genetic studies in C. elegans (1090-131) Interleukin biochemisty (IL3) Studies of B cell follicular lymphoma ( ...
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tnf
JMU, ISAT 454
Excerpt: ... Tumor Necrosis Factor http:/www.expasy.ch/cgibin/niceprot.pl?p01375 Here is an example of the information on the NiceProt view page for TNF Note the locations of mutations and their effects. Note the transmembrane regions, the locations of disulfide bond, and locations for attached lipid molecules (myristate). All of these might be things you could show in your RasMol script. Here is the part of the Gene Card entry that leads you to the NiceProt view for TNF. http:/bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/cardsbin/carddisp?TNF&search=tumor+necrosis+factor&suff=txt Here is another part of the Gene Card that might have good information you can use. Click on the link to OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) to find out about possible genetic diseases associated with this protein. ...
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Endothelial activation
MIT, HST 527
Excerpt: ... Available online http:/arthritis-research.com/content/4/S3/S109 Supplement Review Endothelial activation: intracellular signaling pathways Jordan S Pober Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Correspondence: Jordan S Pober, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Immunobiology and Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, Room 454, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Tel: +1 203 737 2292; fax: +1 203 737 2293; e-mail: jordan.pober@yale.edu Received: 14 November 2001 Revisions requested: 28 January 2002 Revisions received: 4 February 2002 Accepted: 4 February 2002 Published: 9 May 2002 Arthritis Res 2002, 4 (suppl 3):S109-S116 This article may contain supplementary data which can only be found online at http:/arthritis-research.com/content/4/S3/S109 2002 BioMed Central Ltd (Print ISSN 1465-9905; Online ISSN 1465-9913) Chapter summary Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the prototypic proinflammatory cytok ...
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Bio Paper
Penn State, BIOL 055
Excerpt: ... Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the afflicted individual's immune system attacks their joints. Signs that one with this disorder may notice include inflammation and swelling of many joints at the same time. Pain and stiffness is usually felt in the morning and the pain will slowly start to ease as the day goes on and the joints are used more and more. Rheumatoid Arthritis may also cause deformation of the hands or other body parts if left untreated. The article I read was about a new treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis that has recently been passed by the FDA. Rituxan, an antibody, combined with methotrexate has been shown to alleviate some signs and symptoms of adults suffering from this disorder. This treatment is being used to help those that have not responded well to the standard tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapies that are commonly used. This new antibody is the first treatment that targets immune cells called CD20-positive B-cells. These B-cells are thought to affect the i ...
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NS265.Post.Nerve.Injury
UCSD, NS 265
Excerpt: ... ) Physiologic Responses + + + + temperature sleep white cell count suppress bacteria replication social interaction and exploration sexual activity food and water intake exaggerated pain Behavioral Responses Hormonal Responses + release of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal and sympathatic hormones (stress) The sickness response is familiar in terms of our bodys reaction to the flu, but can occur in association with systemic bacterial or viral invasion. It is a complex response of neuronal-driven defense mechanisms to challenge by circulating proinflammatory cytokines. 15 TNF Pathophysiology 0-3 months Presymptomatic CAMs CHEMOKINES N M L Adhesion ICAM-1 VCAM-1 MAdCAM 3-6 months Initiation/Transition MMPs 6-12 months Symptomatic Recruitment MMP 2 MMP 9 MMP 12 Extravasation CHEMOKINES IP-10 MCP-1 MIP-1b C10 others Apoptosis TNF-a Activation Neurodegeneration Death Other: Active/suppressive Astrocyte Secondary Gliosis Ischemia Hemorrhage Edema Demyelination ILC02 Tumor necrosis factor alpha (T ...
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slides49
Arizona, PSIO 403
Excerpt: ... Receptor I (Both are Bound to Signal) RII Phosphorylates RI RI Phosphorylates Smad Proteins (Transcription Factors) Enzyme Linked:Guanylate Cyclase Receptors Dimeric Receptors that Link Signal Binding to Enzymatic Transformation of GTP to cGMP Seven Members of GC-Receptors in Vertebrates (Four Have no Known Ligands) Inactive Kinase Domain (apparently) is Important for Signal Transduction Guanylate Cyclase Domain is Similar to Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activated by NO Enzyme Linked Receptors: Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Family Diverse Group of Receptors (and Ligands) named after Tumor Necrosis Factor ; Important in Immune System Involved in Cell Proliferation and Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis) Multimeric Receptors with Extracellular Domains Rich in Repeated Cysteine Groups Elongated Cysteine Rich Groups Form Projections that Attach to Ligand Receptor/Ligand Interaction Creates a Conformational Change that Moves Receptor Subunits Near the Membrane Close Together to Initiate Downs ...
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PresSession2_2_Val
Washington, PABIO 552
Excerpt: ... trouble with the papers, contact Jais or Val. We are happy to help you understand them. Name _ Rank the 3 articles below in order of greatest interest (Indicate A, B, or C in reference to papers listed below): 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ Apoptosis: A. Vogt M, Butz K, Dymalla S, Semzow J, Hoppe-Seyler F. Inhibition of Bax activity is crucial for the antiapoptotic function of the human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein. Oncogene. 2006 Jul 6; 25 (29):4009-15. LINK: Click to go to article B. Saito K, Meyer K, Warner R, Basu A, Ray RB, Ray R. Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated apoptosis by a protective effect involving cellular FLICE inhibitory protein. J Virol. 2006 May; 80 (9):4372-9. LINK: Click to go to article C. Banga S, Gao P, Shen X, Fiscus V, Zong WX, Chen L, Luo ZQ. Legionella pneumophila inhibits macrophage apoptosis by targeting pro-death members of the Bcl2 protein family. Pabio 552 Thurs. April 12, 2007 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. ...
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Lecture36
SD State, MICR 422
Excerpt: ... riate stage of differentiation Overexpression of antigens (common). Most immunity appears to be CTLmediated 6 Immune Response to Tumors CTL's appear to form the basis of tumor CTL' immunity in animal models. Other cell types, including NK cells (formerly called Lymphokine Activated Killer cells) and macrophages play a role. Soluble factors include Tumor Necrosis Factor , which selectively attacks the blood supply of the tumor. Tumor growth relies on lymphatic drainage, both for physiology of the tumor and metastasis. An interesting observation is that many tumors lack lymphatics, limiting their growth. lymphatics, Tumor Evasion of the Immune System Cancer Immunotherapy. Basically boil down to 3 major categories. A) Induce CTL recognition through vaccination, upregulation of immune response. B) Attack the physiology of the tumor by inhibiting blood vessel growth or attacking normal cellular processes (chemotherapy, radiotherapy). C) Using Monoclonal Antibodies as "magic bullets" for selectivel ...
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215007PS5
Colorado, MCDB 2150
Excerpt: ... logous recombination during meiosis is true? a. Homologous recombination between HBB and the olfactory receptor gene OR51A9P will happen more frequently than homologous recombination between HBB and the tumor necrosis factor gene C1QTNF4 b. Homologous recombination between HBB and the olfactory receptor gene OR51A9P will happen less frequently than homologous recombination between HBB and the tumor necrosis factor gene C1QTNF4 c. Homologous recombination between HBB and the olfactory receptor gene OR51A9P will occur at the same frequency as recombination between HBB and the tumor necrosis factor gene C1QTNF4 d. There is not enough information on the website to answer this question 8. Several research groups are making physical maps of the human genome project. One company has mapped the human beta hemoglobin gene (HBB) to a map position of approximately 10 cM relative to the end of the p arm of chromosome 11. This company has also mapped a gene called recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) to a map position o ...
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No_1_Immune_system_2006
Arizona, PCOL 582
Excerpt: ... nd allograft transplantation survival. Antigen Presenting Cells Antigen Presenting Cell Macrophages, Vascular endothelial cells, B-cells, and Dendritic cells (Heart) Express the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and can present antigen to the T-cells. Major Histcompatibility Complex MHC - Antigens An antigen (Ag) is a specific molecule that is recognized by an Ab or T-cell Receptor (TcR). 4 The soluble Mediators of T-cell Immunity Cytokines secreted signaling molecules Soluble Mediators of Immunity The nomenclature and functions of well-defined T-cell cytokines. Each cytokine has multiple activities on different cell types. The mixture of cytokines secreted by a given cell type produces many effects through what is called a `cytokine network'. CYTOKINES Macrophage - Cytokines Macrophages process and present antigen, Factors produce chemokines and cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, and IL-10, and phagocytose ap ...
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lecture17
Berkeley, MCB 150
Excerpt: ... ody that can initiate apoptosis in a variety of cell lines (lymphoid and non-lymphoid alike). Molecular cloning showed that Fas and FasL (Fas Ligand) are cell surface molecules. Fas receptor belongs to the TNF receptor family whereas FasL belongs to the TNF ( tumor necrosis factor ) family. The lpr mutation affects the Fas receptor, whereas the gld mutation affects the Fas Ligand. As anti-Fas antibodies or FasL can initiate cell death, the problems in lpr and gld mice are due to defective apoptosis. Subsequent studies showed that lpr and gld mutations only affect the apoptosis of peripheral T cells (and not thymic immature T cells). Fas is part of the TNF receptor family that encompasses many cell surface receptors implicated in a diverse function. These include not only apoptosis but also proliferation and differentiation. Only five receptors in this family are known to initiate apoptotic signals. These are Fas, TNF receptor type I, DR3, TRAIL receptors (DR4 and DR5 in human, only 1 in mouse) and DR6. These fi ...
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rodriguez
Wisconsin, MAR 566
Excerpt: ... Received 3 June; accepted 15 August 1997. 1. Boden, G. Role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NIDDM. Diabetes 45, 310 (1997). 2. Carey, V. J. et al. Body fat distribution and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women the nurses health study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 145, 614619 (1997). 3. Edelstein, S. L. et al. Predictors of progression from impaired glucose tolerance to NIDDM. Diabetes 46, 701710 (1997). 4. Hotamisligil, G. S., Shargill, N. S. & Spiegelman, B. M. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 259, 8791 (1993). 5. Hofmann, C. et al. Altered gene expression for tumor necrosis factor - and its receptors during drug and dietary modulation of insulin resistance. Endocrinology 134, 264270 (1994). 6. Hamann, A. et al. Characterization of insulin resistance and NIDDM in transgenic mice with reduced brown fat. Diabetes 44, 12661273 (1995). 7. Hotamisligil, G. S., Arner, P., Caro, J. F., Atkinson, R ...
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Path213Quiz1_02
UNC, BIOL 213
Excerpt: ... ge" of the host defense system (2 points); and the implication of this data for hypoxia, cytokines, and inflammatory disease (2 points) (10 points total; 1 page maximum). "Prolonged hypoxia produces reversible changes in endothelial permeability, but the mechanisms involved are not fully known. Previous studies have implicated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines in the regulation of permeability. We tested whether prolonged hypoxia alters permeability to increasing ROS generation, which amplifies cytokine production. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers were exposed to hypoxia while secretion of tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 was measured. IL-6 and IL-8 secretion increased fourfold over 24 h in a pattern corresponding to changes in HUVEC permeability measured by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Addition of exogenous IL-6 to normoxic HUVEC monolayers caused time-dependent changes in TEER that mimicked the hypoxic resp ...
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350 project 2
JMU, ISAT 350
Excerpt: ... porosis by strengthening and increasing bone density. Studies have shown up to this point that OPG inhibits the maturation of cells called osteoclasts. Osteoclasts, in simple terms, chew up bones; therefore, decreasing the number of osteoclasts may help to prevent osteoporosis. Another company, Immunex, has been working with a protein called tumor necrosis factor apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). TRAIL has been proven to strongly suppress tumor growth in mice, which in turn may be beneficial to cancer patients. Not only that, but in some cases, the tumors actually decreased in size. Also, no damage to vital organs such as the heart, liver, or kidneys was shown. In the past 2 years, HGS alone has cloned more than 14,000 genes for secreted proteins, good drugs, or drug targets. Continuing at this rate will hopefully produce a number of new drug therapies in the near future. HGS CEO, William Haseltine states, "I think we can get to a stage, perhaps 100 years from now, where we can keep people young and dramat ...
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Hourly.B1.AnswerKey
UC Irvine, BIO SCI 97
Excerpt: ... ke? The original parental DNA strands are drawn with thick lines and the newly synthesized DNA strands are drawn with thin lines. ANS: A) A) 5' 3' 3' 5' 5' 3' B) 3' 5' 5' 3' C) 3' 5' 5' 3' D) 3' 5' 5' 3' E) 3' 5' 1 4. In a liver tumor patient, all of the liver tumor cells contain a mutation in one of the two homologous copies of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) gene. Some of the liver tumor cells metastasize (migrate) to the testes (where the sperm gametes are made). The patient manages to have many children after this metastasis. How many of these children will inherit the mutated Tumor Necrosis Factor gene? A) None B) A few C) Approximately 50% D) Most E) All 5. In a deoxyribose nucleotide, the base is attached to which carbon of the deoxyribose ring? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 6. Trying to finish his experiment before lecture, Lamar forgets to add one of his two primers to his PCR reaction. Compared to a normal PCR reaction in which both primers are added, Lamar's PCR re ...
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Szelenyi and vizi NR FEB 02 2009
CSU LA, BIOL 520
Excerpt: ... The CatecholamineCytokine Balance Interaction between the Brain and the Immune System J. SZELENYI AND E.S. VIZI Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Budapest, Hungary ABSTRACT: Cytokines are involved both in various immune reactions and in controlling certain events in the central nervous system (CNS). In our earlier studies, it was shown that monoamine neurotransmitters, released in stress situations, represent a tonic sympathetic control on cytokine production and on the balance of proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines. Basic and clinical studies have provided evidence that the biophase level of monoamines, determined by the balance of their release and uptake, is involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression, while inflammatory mediators might also have a role in its etiology. In this work, we studied the role of changes in norepinephrine (NE) level on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evoked tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and interleukin (IL)-10 response both ...
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15
Colorado, MCDB 4620
Excerpt: ... l signals in the form of growth factors secreted by other cell types. In fact, it is thought that all cells in the body are continually poised to commit suicide by apoptosis, and stay alive only so long as they are instructed to by these signals. There are also pro-death signals. The Fas/Fas-Ligand system is one example. Lymphocytes expressing the Fas receptor can be induced to die by exposure to Fas-Ligand. Neurotrophins can have the same type of activity, killing some neurons during development through the action of the p75 receptor, a receptor similar to the Tumor Necrosis Factor receptor. Note that the same neurotropin can be either a survival factor or a death factor, depending upon the receptor activated (Trk vs. p75)! Cell death and disease Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cell death should enable the design of new drugs to treat diseases. Scientists are looking for drugs that block active sites of caspases in hopes of preventing cell deaths in heart attacks or strokes. Many cell deaths in th ...
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pharm11171
Covenant School of Nursing, SCRIBE 2002
Excerpt: ... staglandins, believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation B. Support for the cause/effect relationship between NSAIDs and the observed effects (fx) 1. Exudate from inflamed tissue always contain high levels of prostaglandins 2. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin production in virtually every cell they've ever been tested in 3. Prostaglandins injected in the hypothalamus (HT) induce fever C. Note: Other undiscovered actions of NSAIDs may contribute to their therapeutic fx A. Series of events triggered by a wide range of different stimuli including burns, infectious agents, physical injury, ischemia, and even antigen/antibody interactions. 1. The response is the same regardless of the stimuli 2. Symptoms: pain, tenderness, edema, erythema, swelling, etc. B. Phases of the inflamm. response each mediated by different mechanisms including immunologic factors (cytokines) such as interleukins, tumor necrosis factor , or histamine, serotonin, leukotrienes and prostaglandins 1. Vascular (acute) characteriz ...
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short
Maryville MO, BOLLINGERL 101408
Excerpt: ... A PROPOSED SCORING SYSTEM FOR QUANTIFICATION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME SEVERITY Lance Bollinger Dr. John Thyfault, Thesis Supervisor ABSTRACT Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and mortality. Currently, there is no established tool to quantify severity of MetS. Furthermore, it is unclear which trait(s) contribute the most to MetS presence. PURPOSE: The aims of the current study were to establish a scoring system for assessing presence and severity (number of traits) of MetS and to determine the most influential contributor to the incidence of MetS. METHODS: Overweight and sedentary adults (N=208) were obtained from previous exercise intervention studies. Measurement were obtained for the following traits: waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose (FG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), percent body fat (% ...
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Travlos Hemo factors Tbl 2
UNC, TOXC 707
Excerpt: ... Table 2. Factors (cytokines/hormones) affecting hematopoiesis Stimulation of pluripotent cells: IL6 Erythropoiesis: Burst promoting activity (BPA) Erythropoietin Granulocytemacrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) Thyroid hormone Growth Hormone Testosterone Granulocytopoiesis: GMCSF Granulocytopoietin (GCSF) IL1 IL3 IL5 Eosinophilopoietin Basophilopoietin Interferon (INF) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) Monocytopoiesis: GMCSF Macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) Monocytopoietin IL3 Lymphopoiesis: Thymic hormone Lymphocyte mitogenic factor Bcell growth factor Bcell differentiation factor IL1 IL2 IL3 IL4 Megakaryocytopoiesis: MegCSF Thrombopoietin ...
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midterm_09
University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, PSYC 490
Excerpt: ... ignificant? Report a plausible range of values of the relative risk of death due to breast cancer given mammogram. 4 5. (Reference for these data given after the mid-term) In a biomedical study of the immuno-activating ability of two agents, TNF ( tumor necrosis factor ) and IFN (interferon), to induce cell differentiation, the number of cells that exhibited markers of differenetiation after exposure to TNF and/or IFN was recorded. At each of 16 does combinations of TNF/IFN, 200 cells were examined. The number y of cells differentiating in one trial and the corresponding does levels of the two factors are given below (and on the course web-site). Number of cells Dose of Dose of differentiating TNF (U/ml) IFN (U/ml) 11 0 0 18 0 4 20 0 20 39 0 100 22 1 0 38 1 4 52 1 20 69 1 100 31 10 0 68 10 4 69 10 20 128 10 100 102 100 0 171 100 4 180 100 20 193 100 100 Question: Do TNF and IFN stimulate cell differentiation synergistically or independently? Describe the effect of each drug and/or the synergisitc effect (if ...
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25-26-Superovulation In Vitro Fertilization
University of Florida , ANS 3319
Excerpt: ... C. Tumor necrosis factor to shrink tumors. D. SCID (adenosine deaminase deficiency) lymphocytes. E. Cystic fibrosis. IX. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). A. In Vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET). 1. Ovarian stimulation. 2. Ultrasound guided recovery of Oocyte. 3. Oocyte and sperm incubation. 4. Embryo placed in uterus or oviduct via catheter. 5. Only ART recommended for tubal infertility. B. Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT). 1. Ultrasound guided recovery of Oocyte. 2. Place oocyte and sperm into oviduct. 3. Requires laparotomy. 4. Highest rate of success (35% optimal). C. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT). 1. Ultrasound guided recovery of Oocyte. 2. In vitro fertilization. 3. Embryo/zygote placed back into oviduct. 4. Requires laparotomy. D. Male. 1. Partial ZP digestion. 2. Subzonal sperm injection. 3. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection. 4. Insert DNA of sperm. 5. Haploid. i. If diploid = cloning and spermatagonia. 6. Primary Spermatocyte. E. Intrauterine insemination/Superovulation ...
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BIO 226T - Lecture 10 Study Questions
University of Texas, BIO 226T
Excerpt: ... Lecture 10 Study Questions 1. Toxin a microbial product or component that can injure another cell or organism at low concentrations. Toxins may be proteins, lipids, or other substances. 2. Exotoxins Gram + and Gram bacteria Secreted from cell Polypeptide proteins only Genes in plasmid or bacteriophage High toxicity (fatal dose = 1 g) Alter cell function (cholera toxin), kill cells (diphtheria toxin), and generalized effects (shock, death) ADP-ribosylation, superantigen, protease, lecithinase Induces high-titer antibodies (aka antitoxins) Toxoids used as vaccines Destroyed rapidly at 60 C (except staphylococcal enterotoxin) Causes tetanus, botulism, diphtheria Endotoxins Only Gram Not secreted from cell Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Genes in bacterial chromosome Low toxicity (fatal dose = hundreds of g) Generalized clinical effects (fever, shock, death) TNF- ( tumor necrosis factor alpha) and interleukin-1 Poorly antigenic No vaccine available Stable at 100 C for one hour Causes meningococcemia, sepsis by Gr ...
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3115_cytokine_lecture_notes
Brookdale, MEDICINE 3115
Excerpt: ... Cytokines (Chapter 12, a little of 13 and 3, "Immunology": sixth edition)CYTOKINES, PROPERTIES AND FUNCTION (underlined comments are not in the textbook, all greek characters are spelled-out) Properties of cytokines: Cytokines are low molecular weight (generally under 30 kDa) typically functioning as intercellular (between cells) messengers, mediating their effect via specific receptors on target cells. They may also occur in membrane-bound forms which still bind to the receptor following contact with another cell. Cytokines, despite being antigen nonspecific, regulate the intensity and duration of the inflammatory/immune response by stimulating/inhibiting activation, proliferation and/or differentiation and migration of multiple cell types and by regulating the synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins and other cytokines. [examples in Table 12-1] Most cytokines are single polypeptide chains, although these may be in aggregated forms in biological fluids, for example, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha circu ...
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