BIO 596 San Diego State

Biodegradation of Xenobiotics \"Microbial Infallibility\" What are xenobiotics and why are they hard to degrade? How are xenobiotics degraded? How do microbial community interactions contribute to xenobiotic biodegradation? How did enzymatic pathw

Chemistry of hydrocarbon pollutants Oil is a complex mixture: 1. Alkanes straight chains: easiest to degrade Short-chain (e.g. octane) Long-chain (up to 44 Cs) Terminal oxidiation to alcohol, fatty acid, etc Branching decreases biodegradability cycli

Hemoglobins and the Code Mis-sense, Non-sense, Frameshift Mutations and the Genetic Code

Endomycorrhizae: Mycorrhizae fungus-root mutualistic relationship between plant roots and fungus. Most plants have some kind of mycorrhizal relationship. (Mustard family non-mycorrhizal) Three general morphologies: Endomycorrhizae: fungal hyphae gr

Microbial Ecology Spring 2004 Exam 1 Key Multiple choice (2.5 points each). 1. Which of the following carries out oxygenic photosynthesis? A. Green Sulfur Bacteria B. Green Non-sulfur Bacteria C. Purple Sulfur Bacteria D. Purple Non-sulfur Bacteria E

Bacteria Frame work for studying physiological diversity In general, life is fueled by moving electrons down an electrochemical gradient to produce a proton gradient across a membrane, which in turn is used to make ATP e- source (membrane-bound e- t

Carbon Fixation RuBisCO/Calvin-Benson cycle Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase: most common enzyme on Earth (16% protein in chloroplasts) All photoautotrophs and most chemoautotrophs, Archaea & Bacteria Complex evolution: many duplications and hor

The P cycle Found in DNA, cell membranes, ATP, etc., in the form of Phosphate (PO43-) no important gaseous phase. (PH3, phosphine is very minor) Most atmospheric fluxes are due to sea spray and fine dust Not generally subject to microbially-mediated

Interactions within Microbial Communities Population A Neutralism Commensalism Synergism/Mutualism Competition Amensalism Predation/Parasitism 0 0 + 0 or + + Population B 0 + + - Part I. Negative interactions COMPETITION: Competitive exclusion: no t