bios213lecture 14 - Antimicrobial Drugs Chemotherapy The...

Antimicrobial Drugs

Chemotherapy The use of drugs to treat a disease
Antimicrobial drugs Interfere with the growth of microbes
within a host
Antibiotic Substance produced by a microbe that,
in small amounts,inhibits another microbe
Selective toxicity A drug that kills harmful microbes
without damaging the host

•
1928 –
Fleming
discovered
penicillin,
produced by
Penicillium .
•
1940 –
Howard
Florey and
Ernst Chain
performed
first clinical
trials of
penicillin.
Figure 20.1

Table 20.1

Table 20.2

The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs
•
Broad-spectrum - may kill normal microbiota
•
Superinfection - opportunistic infections
•
Bactericidal
•
Bacteriostatic

Figure 20.2

•
Penicillin
–
Natural penicillins
–
Semisynthetic penicillins
Antibacterial Antibiotics
Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

Penicillins
Figure 20.6

•
Penicillin derivatives
–
Penicilinase-resistant penicillins
–
Extended-spectrum penicillins
–
Penicillins + β -lactamase inhibitors
–
Carbapenems
–
Monobactam
Antibacterial Antibiotics
Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis

Figure 20.8
Penicillinase or beta-lactamase