Pathophysiology Exam 1: Modules 1-5 What is Pathophysiology? Study ofFunctional or Physiologic changethat results in a disruption of normal biological function --Disruption may be obvious or hidden at cellular level. Cell injuryTissue injuryOrgan injuryDisease --Pathology is the (directly observable) laboratory study of cell and tissue changes associated with disease Pathophysiology: Disease developinglong beforemanifestations present Health vs. Disease Health: The state of an organism when it functions optimallywithoutevidence of disease or abnormality Homeostasis: Thestate of equilibrium(balance between opposing pressures) in the body with respect to various functions and to the chemical compositions of the fluids and tissues (Stedman’s, 2008) When a stimulus or change encountered, body makes changes in order to return physiology to homeostasis state. If unable to do so… Disease: An interruption, cessation, or disorder of bodily functions, systems, or organs Feedback Loops: Health=Stability in Function •Negative Feedback loop: theoutputof the system acts to oppose changes from the inputof the system; the result is a stable, negative-change system (Homeostasis) •Positive Feedback loop:the output is unable to accommodate an input change, resulting in a net change of the system (imbalance) §Lost Response-OR-Inappropriate Response = Loss of Homeostasis §Often results in, or is result of,disease process §Rarely, physiological (Uterine contraction during labor) Knowledge of Normal Anatomy and Physiology You must Understand normalprocesses Pathophysiology: understanding what goes wrong and the biological results.
